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工程硕士英语unit9完型答案及翻译

Unit 9

Exercises III Cloze Test B

Worldwide, almost 99% of the human food supply is plant species and 8 livestock species, small numbers when _ compared with ___ the estimated 10-30 million species _ inhabiting_ our biosphere. Introducing genes from various organisms into crops and livestock has long been regarded as a promising way to _ensure _ the continued productivity of agriculture and forestry. Then, too, the substitution or addition of diverse genes into agricultural and forestry species may, as Raven has suggested, be a _ way _ to use the undiscovered resources of biodiversity in the _service __ of social and economic development.

Genetic engineering technology has dramatically reduced the time _requested_ for the development of new commercial varieties of crops. Some investigators have suggested that the use of genetic markers could reduce __ the usual 10-15-year breeding _ cycles __ to only 2-3 years. Genetic engineering is rapidly _ replacing __ traditional plant breeding programs and has become the mainstay of agricultural crop improvement. __ Since __ 1986, 2053 field trials have led to the release of transgenic plants into natural ecosystems around the world. Recent advances in the genetic engineering of plants, animals, and microorganism, _ including viruses, are encouraging and show _ promise _ for further development. _ Meanwhile _, research efforts are increasing at university industry, and government laboratories.

In addition to the _ perceived_ benefits of genetic engineering for the industrialized nations, proponents __ advocate _ the use of genetic engineering to improve agriculture in developing countries. This _ strategy _ might help these countries bypass expensive, high-input crop production and move their traditional agriculture toward low-input sustainable _ practice __.

Many scientists, however, have expressed __ concern_ regarding the possible environmental risks. Many have asserted that the release of genetically engineered organism might adversely affect both tropical and temperate biodiversity.

If, as expected, the U.S. government deregulates testing, _ leaving __ it entirely to the discretion of those with economic interest in genetic engineering, the release of

genetically engineered organism before their _ safety has been ascertained will be a danger. Some proponents of genetic engineering support deregulation of biotechnology. However, will reducing regulations, as suggested by Miller, reduces risks of genetic engineering?

1. A. comparing with与…比较 B. compared with

C. comparing to

D. compared to比喻为

2. A. occupying 占据 B. living生活

C. inhabiting生存，栖息

D. filling填充

3. A. ensure确保 B. insure保险

C. assure向…保证

D. reassure使…放心

4. A. fashion 时尚 B. manner风格，举止

C. way 机会途径

D. approach接近逼近

5. A. job 工作职位 B. role角色

C. style 风格

D. service服务

6. A. required必须的 B. inquires询问

C. requested被请求的

D. acquired已获得的

7. A. double 双倍 B. reduce 减少

C. redouble使加倍;加强

D. increase 增长

8. A. process 过程 B. series连续;系列

C. periods 时期,期间

D. cycles周期;循环

9. A. instead替代 B. replacing 取代;以...代替

C. displacing取代,替代

D. instead of 代替

10. A. After B. In

C. Since

D. Before

11. A. including B. consisting组成,构成

C. making

D. taking

12. A. success B. promise

C. possibility

D. feasibility 可行性;可能性

13. A. Nevertheless仍然,不过,然而 B. However 然而,可是,

C. Consequently结果,因此,必然地

D. Meanwhile 其时,其间[

14. A. perceived察觉;感知 B. regarded 注重,注意;

C. shown显示

D. considered 考虑过的;

15. A. oppose 反对;反抗;妨碍 B. advocate 提倡者;拥护者

C. denounce指责,谴责

D. renounce 声明放弃;抛弃

16. A. means B. decision 决定

C. method办法

D. strategy 战略

17. A. sources 源头 B. resources资源

C. practice实行,实施,实践

D. origin 起源;由来;

18. A. concern涉及,关系到;影响到 B. opinion 意见,见解;主张

C. meaning意思;含义

D. attitude 态度,意见,看法

19. A. leave B. left

C. leaving

D. leaves

20. A. safety B. security安全,安全感

C. success

D. value 价值

Translation

在世界范围内，几乎99%的人类食物供给来自植物品种和8个家畜品种，这与生存于我们生物圈粗略估算的10到30百万个物种相比，是一个很小的数字。把来自于各种不同有机体的基因引入农作物和牲畜已经被认为是一种确保农业和林业产量持续增长的有前途的方法，于是，正如Raven指出的，这些替代物或者基因变异的农林物种，作为未知生物多样化资源，可以成为社会经济发展的一条途径。

遗传工程技术已经如变戏法般地缩短了开发培育一个新的农作物品种所需的时间。许多调查机构指出，通过使用遗传标记（遗传密码）能够把通常需要10到15年的培育周期缩短到2到3年。遗传工程技术迅速取代传统的作物育种程序，成为农作物改良的主流模式。1986年以来，全球发布的2053个植物基因改造实物样本已经进入自然生态系统。遗传工程在植物、动物、微生物以及病毒领域的新发展正在被鼓励并且显示出更深层次的发展优势。其间，越来越多的研究成果正在大学和国家实验室被开发出来。

除了能够给工业化国家带来显而易见的利益，遗传工程技术倡导者主张把此项

技术应用于发展中国家的农业开发。这种策略有助于发展中国家回避高昂的农作物培育成本，把他们的传统农业引向低投入可持续发展的实践道路。

然而，很多科学家对可能存在的环境风险表示关切。他们断言，转基因产品的发布可能对保持生物多样性的有害的。

正如所预料的，如果美国政府撤销对转基因试验的控制，让它完全从遗传工程的经济利益角度发展，在没有完全了解的情况下就发布转基因产品可能是危险的。许多转基因倡导者支持非常规的生物工程技术。无论如何，正如米勒指出的，减少规则就能够减少来自遗传工程的风险吗？

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