民商事通用语
1、民法通则:General Principles of the Civil Law
2、民事权益:civil rights and interests
3、平等主体:civil subjects with equal status
4、财产关系和人身关系:property relationships and personal relationships
5、等价有偿:making compensation for equal value
6、诚实信用:honesty and credibility
7、适用中国法律:be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall apply to)
8、法律另有规定:otherwise stipulated by law
9、无国籍人:stateless persons
10、民事权利能力:the capacity for civil rights
11、完全民事权利能力:full capacity for civil conduct
12、限制民事行为能力人:a person with limited capacity for civil conduct
13、无民事行为能力人:a person having no capacity for civil conduct
14、法定代理人:agent ad litem
15、代理民事活动:be represented in civil activities by
16、监护人:guardian
17、户籍所在地:the place where his residence is registered
18、住所:domicile
19、经常居住地:habitual residence
20、居民委员会:the neighborhood committee
21、村民委员会:the village committee
22、民政部门:the civil affairs department
23、履行监护职责:fulfill duty of guardianship
24、承担责任:be held responsible
25、造成财产损失:cause any property loss
26、宣告为无(限制)民事行为能力人:declare … to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct
27、下落不明one's whereabouts have been unknown
28、个体工商户:individual businesses
29、农村承包经营户:leaseholding farm households
30、个人合伙:individual partnership
31、合伙人:partnerss
32、承担民事责任:bear civil liability for
33、按照出资比例:in proportion to one's respective contributions to the investment
34、承担连带责任:undertake joint liability for
35、追偿:claim compensation from
36、法人:legal person
37、法人组织章程:the articles of association of the legal person
38、主要办事机构:the main administrative office
39、全民所有制企业:an enterprise owned by the whole people
40、集体所有制企业:an enterprise under collective ownership
41、经主管机关核准登记:approved and registered by the competent authority
42、工商行政管理机关:the administrative agency for industry and commerce
43、核准登记的经营范围:within the range approved and registered
44、企业法人分立、合并:the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person
45、权利和义务:the rights and obligations
46、办理注销登记:cancel the registration
47、企业法人解散:disbanding of an enterprise as legal person
48、企业法人被撤销:the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person
49、事业单位:institution
50、社会团体:social organization
51、经济实体:economic entity
52、取得法人资格:be qualified as a legal person
53、意思表示真实:the intention expressed is genuine
54、擅自变更或者解除(民事法律行为):alter or rescind one's act arbitrarily
55、以欺诈、胁迫的手段:as a result of cheating or coercion
56、乘人之危:take advantage of one's unfavorable position
57、以合法形式掩盖非法目的:perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes
58、具有法律约束力:be legally binding
59、请求人民法院或者仲裁机关予以变更:request a people's court or an arbitration agency to alter
60、恶意串通:conspire maliciously
61、有过错的一方:the erring party
62、附条件的民事法律行为:conditional civil juristic acts
63、委托代理:entrusted agency
64、法定代理:statutory agency
65、指定代理:appointed agency
66、委托代理人:an entrusted agent
67、被代理人:the principal
68、行使代理权:exercise the power of agency
69、采用书面形式:in writing
70、超越代理权:beyond the scope of one's power of agency
71、代理权终止:the expiration of one's power of agency
72、本人名义:in one's name
73、查封、扣押、冻结、没收:seize,encroach upon,privately divide,destroy or illegally seal up,distrain,freeze or confiscate
74、财产继承权:the right of inheritance
75、优先购买的权利:a right of pre-emption
76、埋藏物、隐藏物:buried or concealed object
77、遗失物、漂流物:lost-and-found objects,flotsam
78、买卖、出租、抵押、转让:be sold,leased,mortgaged or transferred
79、设立、变更、终止民事关系:establish,change or terminate civil relationship
80、按照确定的份额分享权力:be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit
81、按照确定的份额分担义务:assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt
82、享有连带权利的每个债权人:each of the joint creditors
83、负有连带义务的每个债务人:each of the joint debtors
84、有权向债务人追偿:have the right to claim repayment from the debtor
85、提供一定的财产作为抵押物:offer a specific property as a pledge
86、以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还:to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge
87、给付定金:leave a deposit with the other party
88、双倍返还定金:repay the deposit in double
89、占有人有权留置该财产:the possessor shall have a lien on the property
90、将合同的权利、义务全部或部分转让给第三人:transfer all or part of its contractual rights or obligations to a third party
91、取得不当得利:profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis
92、无因管理:act as manager or provide services in order to protect another person's interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so
法理、法制史、宪法
Jurisprudence,History of Legal Systems and Constitution
按照法律规定according to law
按照确定的份额分享权力:be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit
按照确定的份额分担义务:assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt 案例教学法case system
案例汇编case book;case report;law report
柏拉图Plato
《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950)Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
被视为be deemed as
被宣布为非法be outlawed;be declared illegal
比较法comparative law
比较法学comparative jurisprudence
比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence
比较法制史comparative legal history
比较分析法method of comparative analysis
比较刑法comparative penal law
比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence
必然因果关系positive causal relationship
边缘法学borderline jurisprudence
变通办法adaptation;accommodation
补充规定supplementary provision
补救办法remedial measures
不成文法unwritten law
不成文宪法unwritten constitution
不动产所在地法律law of the place where the real property is situated;
不可分割的权利impartible right
不可抗力force majeure
不可侵犯性inviolability
不可让与性inalienability
不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation
不要式行为informal act
不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act
不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right
不作为abstain from an act;act of omission
部门法department law
部门规章regulation
参照consult
参照具体情况in the light of actual conditions
参照原文consult the original
查士丁尼法典Code Justinian;
超出法律范围的outside of law
超出法律权限的extralegal
超过权限exceed authority;beyond jurisdiction
成文法written law
成文宪法written constitution
冲突法conflict of laws;rules of conflict
冲突规则conflict rule;rule of conflict
除(本法)另有规定外except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)
除外条款provisory clause
除外责任条款exclusion clause
触犯公共利益encroach on the public interests
触犯国际利益go against the state's interests
触犯人民利益encroach on the interests of the people;go against the people's interests 传统法律观念traditional ideas of law
纯粹法学pure theory of law
次要法规by law
次要规则secondary rule
从宽解释原则doctrine of liberal construction
从权利accessory right
达到法定年龄come of age
大法the fundamental law
大法官Lord High Chancellor
大法官法院Court of Chancery
大陆法系Continental Legal System
大律师barrister
《大明律》Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty(中)
大陪审团grand jury
《大清律例》the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中)《大宪章》(1215)Great Charter,1215(英)
单行法规specific regulations
单一法律体系unitary legal system
单一制政府unitary government
但书proviso
当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence
当然解释natural interpretation
党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country
道德规范norm of morality
道德义务moral obligation
《德国民法典》German Civil code
德拉古Draco
地方各级人民代表大会local people's congresses at different levels 地方各级人民法院local people's courts at different levels
地方各级人民检察院local people's procuratorates at different levels 地方各级人民政府local people's governments at different levels
第二读second reading
第三读third reading
二元论the dualistic theory
二元君主立宪制dual constitutional monarchy system
二元论the dualistic theory
二元论者dualist
二元制bicameral system
法的本质the nature of law
法的变化changes of law
法的定义definition of law
法的发展development of law
法的分类divisions of law
法的概念concepts of law
法的规范作用normalized usage of law
法的继承succession of law
法的精神spirit of law
法的可预测性foreseeability of law
法的类型types of law
法的历史类型的更替the replacement of one historical mode of law by another 法的历史渊源historical origin of law
法的连续性continuity of law
法的内容contexts of law
法的社会作用social usage of law
法的生效operation of law
法的实现realization of law
法的特征character of law
法的现象legal phenomenon
法的消亡withering away of law
法的形式渊源formal source of law
法的要素elements of law
法的渊源source of law
法的职能function of law
法的作用role of law
法典code;statute book
法典编纂codification of codes
法定成年人的年龄age of majority;legal age
法定程序legal procedure
法定处罚statutory penalty
法定代理人:agent ad litem
法定解释statutory interpretation
法定量刑情节legally prescribed circumstances of sentencing 法定年龄legal age;lawful age
法定年龄限制 a statutory age limit
法定期间prescribed time
法定期限legal term
法定权利legal right;right entitled by law
法定权限limits of power prescribed by law
法定人数quorum
法定日appointed day
法定时间appointed time
法定时效statutory prescription
法定条件legal condition
法定限制statutory restrictions
法定效力statutory force
法定刑legally-prescribed punishment
法定形式legal form
法定责任statutory duty
法定追溯期time of legal memory
法定最高刑maximum statutory penalty;maximum statutory sentence 法官judge
法官的自由裁量权judge's power of discretion
法官权力范围extent of judge's power
法官心证judge's mental impression
法官中立原则Nemo debt esse judex in propria causa
法规编纂condification of laws and regulations
法规的解释interpretation of statutes
法规汇编corpus of the laws and regulations
《法国民法典》Code Civile de Francais (法)
法理jurisprudence;principle of law
法理学家jurisprudent
法律保护legal protection
法律编纂codification
法律标准legal standards
法律补救legal redress
法律部门legal department
法律草案draft regulations
法律措施legal measures
法律大全Corpus legume
法律的本土化和改写the localization and adaption of laws
法律的本质essence of law
法律的地位position of law
法律的定义definition of law
法律的废止abolishment of law
法律的公共秩序论public order theory of law
法律的规范性normalization of law
法律的继承succession of law
法律的理想ideal of law
法律的权威authority of law
法律的失效lapse of law
法律的实施administration of law;law enforcement 法律的适用application of law
法律的统一unification of law
法律的推定presumption of law
法律的推理analogy of law
法律的完整性integrity of law
法律的效力范围force's scale of law
法律的效力形式force's form of law
法律的修改alteration of law
法律的演进evolution of law
法律的原理principle of law
法律地位平等equal in legal status
法律对人的效力personal act of law
编纂法律方法legal methodology
法律分类classification of law
法律赋予权力authority conferred by law
法律改革law reform
法律概念legal concept
法律根据legal basis
法律工作者legal professional
法律关系legal relation
法律关系的运行process of legal relation
法律关系客体object of legal relation
法律关系主体subject of legal relation
法律规定provisions of law
法律规范norm of law
法律规范的逻辑结构logical structure of legal rule 法律规则体系system of legal rules
法律含义intendment of law
法律另有规定:otherwise stipulated by law
法律现象legal phenomenon
法律研究legal research
法律要件legal requirement
法律依据legal basis
法律意见legal advice
法律意见书legal opinion
法律意识law-consciousness
法律意义legal sense
法律用语legal language
法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law and justice
法律渊源source of law
法律原本注释gloss
法律原理legal doctrines
法律原则principle of legality
法律援助legal aid
法律约束legal binding;legal restraint
法律责任legal responsibility
法律责任的道义基础moral basic of legal obligation
法律责任的归结imputaton of legal responsibility
法律责任的认定determination of legal responsibility
法律责任的执行enforcement of legal responsibility
法律责任客体object of legal responsibility
法律责任主体subject of legal responsibility
法律哲学philosophy of law;philosophie du droit (法);philosophia juris 法律政策policy of the law
法律职业道德legal ethics
法律指导legal counsel
法律制裁legal sanction
法律制度regime of law;legal system
法律秩序legal order
法律主体资格capacity as a subject of law
法律主张proposition of law
法律属地原则territoriality of laws
法律著述legal literature
法律专家legal expert
法律专业legal profession
法律专著和教科书legal treatise and textbook
法律咨询legal advice
法律尊严legal sanctity
法盲legal illiterates
法权right
法社会学sociology of law
法系legal system
法协会law society
法学jurisprudence
法学博士doctor of jurisprudence
法学导论leading principles of law
法学的范畴体系the system of categories of jurisprudence
法学的范畴意识the consciousness of category of jurisprudence
法学的基石范畴fundamental categories of jurisprudence 法学方法method of jurisprudence
法学方法论methodology of jurisprudence
法学会law society
法学教科书law textbooks
法学理论theory of law;legal theory
法学权威an academic authority in law
法学士bachelor of law
法学体系system of jurisprudence
法学通论first principles of law
法学院faculty of law;law school
法医forensic medicine
法医学forensic medicine
法院court
法院调查judicial investigation
法院管辖权competence of court
法院管辖以外的extrajudicial
法院判决court decision
法院系统court structure
法院组织法judicature act
法则articles
法哲学philosophy of law
法制legal institution
法制传统tradition of law system
法制的精神spirit of legality
法制的尊严dignity of the legal system
法制观念legal concept
法制观念淡薄very weak in the understanding of law
法制教育legal education;education of legal system
法制史legal history;history of legal system
法治rule of law
法治的机制the mechanism of rule of law
法治的要素the element of rule of law
非实质的immaterial
非营利的non-profit
非约束性条款permissive provision
废止法律annulment of law
分别管辖权separate jurisdiction
分别财产制separation of property regime
分别规定separate provision
分担责任share the responsibility
分工负责,互相配合,互相制约divide responsibility for their own work;coordinate their efforts and check each other
分工负责制division of labor responsibility system
分级管理different levels holding different responsibilities 分配制度distribution system
分析法理学analytical jurisprudence
否决权power veto;veto power
否认事实denial of facts
服从法律amenable to law;subject to the law
服从判决accept a judgment
符合程序be in order
符合法律be in conformity with law
符合宪法constitutionality
符合宪法的法律constitutional law
符合原则be in conformity with the principle
盖尤斯Gaius
概括裁定general verdict
概括继承general succession
干扰司法公正interference with course of justice
刚性条款entrenched clause
刚性宪法rigid constitution
岗位责任制post responsibility system
高等法院high court;high court of justice
高度集中highly centralize
高度民主high level of democracy
高度自治权high degree of autonomy
高级法官senior judge
高级法院superior court
高级人民法院Higher People's Court
高级人民检察院Higher People's Procuratortate
搁置set aside;abeyance
格式条款clause of style
公认的行为准则established standard of conduct
规避法律in fraud of law
规避义务evade obligations
规范的法律规则normative rule of law
规范法学normative jurisprudence
规范性法律文件normalizative document of law
规范性法律文件的规范化normalization of normative legal document 国际法international law
国际法学international jurisprudence
过错方tort-feasor;wrongdoer
过错推定原则doctrine of presumption
过错责任liability for wrongs;tort liability
海事法院court of admiralty
《汉穆拉比法典》Code of Hammurabi
合并条款consolidation of provisions
英汉语言学词汇对照表 abbreviation ablative abrupt accent accusative acoustic phonetics acquisition action verb active active chart parser active knowledge active verb actor-action-goal actualization acute address adequacy adjacency pair adjective adjunct adjunction adverb adverbial idiom affective affirmative affix affixation affricate agent agentive-action verb agglutinative agreement AI (artificial intelligence) AI language Algebraic Linguistics algorithm alienable alignment allo- allomorph allophone alpha notation alphabetic writing alternation 缩写[省略语 ] 夺格 (的) 突发音 口音 /{Phonetics} 重音 受格(的) 声学语音学 习得 动作动词 主动语态 活动图句法剖析程序 主动知识 主动动词 施事 (者)-动作 -目标 实现 (化) 锐音 地址 { 信息科学 }/ 称呼(语) { 语言学 } 妥善性 邻对 形容词 附加语[ 附加修饰语 ] 加接 副词 副词词组 影响的 肯定(的;式) 词缀 加缀 塞擦音 施事 施事动作动词 胶着(性) 对谐 人工智能[人工智能 ] 人工智能语言[人工智能语言 ] 代数语言学 算法[算法 ] 可分割的 对照 [多国语言文章词;词组;句子翻译的 ] 同位 - 同位语素 同位音位 alpha 标记 拼音文字 交替
法律英语专业词汇大全 一、律师部分案件受理费court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂important and complicated case 案由cause of action 案子case 包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits 被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件) 被诉人respondent; defendant 本地律师local counsel 毕业证diploma; graduation certificate 辩护词defense; pleadings 辩护律师defense lawyer 辩护要点point of defense 辩护意见submission 财产租赁property tenancy 裁定书order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定)裁决书award(用于仲裁)裁决书verdict(用于陪审团)采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence 草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equityinterests 查阅法条source legal provisions 出差go on errand; go on a business trip 出国深造further study abroad 出具律师意见书providing legal opinion 出示的证据exhibit 出庭appear in court 传票summons; subpoena 答辩状answer; reply 代理词representation 代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate 代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization,trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate andincorporations 代理仲裁agency for arbitration 代写文书drafting of legal instruments 待决案件pending case 当事人陈述statement of the parties 第三人third party 吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license 调查笔录investigative record 调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence 调解mediation 调解书mediation 二审案件case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件send e-mail 法律顾问
初中物理部分中英文词汇对照表Ⅰ、测量(measurement) 物理学physics 测量measure (vt.) 测量工具measuring tool 测量范围measuring range 最小刻度division value 实验experiment 实验室laboratory 误差error 刻度尺meter ruler 零刻度线zero graduation line 长度length 单位unit 面积area 千米kilometer 米meter 平方米square meter 立方米cubic meter 分米decimeter 厘米centimeter 毫米millimeter 微米micron 纳米nanometer 时间time 小时hour 分钟minute 秒second 毫秒millisecond 体积volume 升Liter 毫升Milliliter 天平balance 砝码weights 游码rider 质量mass 吨ton 千克kilogram 克gram 毫克milligram 停表stop watch 力force 牛顿Newton 测力计dynamometer 弹簧秤spring balance Ⅱ、运动(simple motion) 相对运动relative motion 方向direction 位置position 路程path 静止rest 参照物reference 速度velocity 平均速度average velocity 直线运动rectilinear motion 曲线运动curvilinear motion 变速直线运动variable rectilinear motion 匀速直线运动uniform rectilinear motion Ⅱ、热(heat) 温度temperature 温度计thermometer 摄氏度degree centigrade 体温计clinical thermometer 分子molecules 分子运动molecular motion 物质substance 物体object 状态state 固体solid 液体liquid 气体gas 物态变化state transformation 晶体crystal 非晶体noncrystal 熔化melting 凝固solidification 熔点melting point 凝固点solidifying point 汽化vaporization
牛津释义3000词汇 abandon vt.丢弃;放弃,抛弃abandoned a. 被抛弃的;无约束的ability n.能力;能耐,本领 able adj.有能力的;能干的about prep.关于;在…周围 above prep.在…上面;高于abroad ad.(在)国外;到处absence n.缺席,不在场;缺乏absent a.不在场的;缺乏的absolute a.绝对的;纯粹的absolutely ad.完全地;绝对地 absorb vt.吸收;使 专心 abuse vt.滥用;虐 待n.滥用 academic a.学院 的;学术的 accent n.口音,腔 调;重音 accept vt.vi.接受; 同意 acceptable a.可接 受的,合意的 access n.接近;通 道,入口 accident n.意外 的;事故 accidental adj. 意 外的,偶然的 accidentally adv. 意外地,偶然地; 偶尔,附带 accommodation n. 招待设备;预定铺 位 accompany vt.陪 伴,陪同;伴随 according ad. 根 据 account n.记述; 解释;帐目 accurate a.准确的, 正确无误的 accurately adj. 准 确地;ad. 准确 地;精密地 accuse vt.指责;归 咎于 achieve vt.完成,实 现;达到 achievement n.完 成;成就,成绩 acid n.酸;酸的, 酸性的 acknowledge vt.承 认;告知收到 acquire vt.取得; 获得;学到 across prep.横过, 穿过 action n.行动;作 用;功能 active a.活跃的; 积极的 actively adv. 积极 地,活跃地 activity n.活动,能 动性 actor n.男演员;演 剧的人 actual a.实际的; 现行的 actually adv.实际 上 ad n. (缩)广告 adapt vt.使适应; 改编 add vt.加,增加 addition n.加,加 法;附加物 additional a.附加 的,追加的 address n.地址; 演说;谈吐 adequate a.足够 的;可以胜任的 adequately adv. 恰当地;足够地 adjust vt.调整,调 节;校正 admiration n.羡慕, 钦佩;赞赏 admire vt.钦佩;羡 慕;赞美 admit vt.&vi.承认 adopt vt.收养;采 用;采取 adult n.成年人a. 成年的 advance vi.前进; 提高n.进展 advanced a.先进
法律专业词汇中英对照(a,b) action of debt 债务诉讼 acquit 无罪 adjourn 暂时停止执行 administrative decision 行政判决结果 ad damnum 主张一定数额的赔偿金 adverse judgement 不利的判决 affidavit 传票送达人所写的切结书 affirm 确定原判决 affirm defence 积极的抗辩 agency stage 行政机关的裁决 agency hearing 听证会 allegation 主张的事实 american law 美国法 an ex parte hearing 一方当事人到庭说明an adversary hearing 双方当事人到庭辩论answer 答辩状 appellate jurisdiction 上诉管辖权appeal 上诉
appellant 上诉人 appellee 被上诉人 appropriate 永久占有 arrest the judgement 暂时终止法院判决结果 arraignment 刑事案件法官与当事人之间安排案件的程序assigned counsel 公设辩护人 assumpsit 承诺履行 bailment 寄托制度 bail 保释 beyond the reasonable doubt 超越合理的怀疑 bill of Middlesex 早期诉讼当事人向国王秘书处申请的令状,同意发给后才能到 国王法院进行诉讼 bailliff 法庭内的法警 bias 偏见 bench of conference 到法官室或法官面前进行会议 bond 提供担保 burden of proof 举证责任 from:http://www./classroom/flyy/
电磁场微波词汇汉英对照表 二画 二端口网络two port network 二重傅立叶级数double Fourier series 入射场incident field 入射波incident wave 三画 小波wavelet 四画 无功功率reactive power 无限(界)区域unbound region 无源网络passive network 互易性reciprocity 互阻抗mutual impedance 互耦合mutual coupling 互连interconnect 天线antennas 天线方向性图pattern of antenna 匹配负载matched load 孔aperture 孔(缝)隙天线aperture antennas 内阻抗internal impedance 介电常数permittivity 介质dielectric 介质波导dielectric guide 介质损耗dielectric loss 介质损耗角dielectric loss angle 介电常数dielectric constant 反射reflection 反射系数reflection coefficient 分离变量法separation of variables 五画 主模dominant mode 正交性orthogonality 正弦的sinusoidal 右手定则right hand rule 平行板波导parallel plate waveguide 平面波plane wave 功率密度density of power 功率流(通量)密度density of power flux 布魯斯特角Brewster angle 本征值eigen value 本征函数eigen function 边值问题boundary value problem 四端口网络four terminal network 矢量位vector potential 电压voltage 电压源voltage source 电导率conductivity 电流元current element 电流密度electric current density 电荷守恒定律law of conservation of charge 电荷密度electric charge density 电容器capacitor 电路尺寸circuit dimension 电路元件circuit element 电场强度electric field intensity 电偶极子electric dipole 电磁兼容electromagnetic compatibility 矢量vector 矢径radius vector 失真distortions 平移translation 击穿功率breakdown power 节点node 六画 安培电流定律Ampere’s circuital law 传播常数propagation constant 亥姆霍兹方程Helmholtz equation 动态场dynamic field 共轭问题conjugate problem 共面波导coplanar waveguide (CPW) 有限区域finite region 有源网络active network 有耗介质lossy dielectric 导纳率admittivity 同轴线coaxial line 全反射total reflection 全透射total transmission
汉英对照法律专业词汇(民商事通用语) 1、民法通则:General Principles of the Civil Law 2、民事权益:civil rights and interests 3、平等主体:civil subjects with equal status 4、财产关系和人身关系:property relationships and personal relationships 5、等价有偿:making compensation for equal value 6、诚实信用:honesty and credibility 7、适用中国法律:be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall apply to) 8、法律另有规定:otherwise stipulated by law 9、无国籍人:stateless persons 10、民事权利能力:the capacity for civil rights 11、完全民事权利能力:full capacity for civil conduct 12、限制民事行为能力人:a person with limited capacity for civil conduct 13、无民事行为能力人:a person having no capacity for civil conduct 14、法定代理人:agent ad litem 15、代理民事活动:be represented in civil activities by
16、监护人:guardian 17、户籍所在地:the place where his residence is registered 18、住所:domicile 19、经常居住地:habitual residence 20、居民委员会:the neighborhood committee 21、村民委员会:the village committee 22、民政部门:the civil affairs department 23、履行监护职责:fulfill duty of guardianship 24、承担责任:be held responsible 25、造成财产损失:cause any property loss 26、宣告为无(限制)民事行为能力人:declare …to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct 27、下落不明one's whereabouts have been unknown 28、个体工商户:individual businesses 29、农村承包经营户:leaseholding farm households 30、个人合伙:individual partnership 31、合伙人:partnerss 32、承担民事责任:bear civil liability for 33、按照出资比例:in proportion to one's respective contributions to the investment 34、承担连带责任:undertake joint liability for
(按中文拼音首字母排序) B 暴民:mob 比拟法:analogical method 比例抽样:proportionate sample 不可知论:agnosticism 变态心理学:abnormal psychology 不完全归纳:incomplete induction 边际效用递减:law of diminishing marginal utility 柏拉图式爱情:Platonic love C 丛众:conformity 残疾人:the handicapped 参考书目:bibliography 参考群体:reference group 成人教育:adult education 初婚年龄:age at first marriage 垂直流动:vertical mobility 出身群体:descent group 抽样误差:sampling error 抽样范围:sampling frame 参与式观察:participant observation D 代沟:generation gap 对照分析:contrastive analysis 定性分析:qualititive analysis 定量分析:quantitative analysis 定额抽样:quota sample 多重人格:multiple personality 地位流动:status mobility 第一手资料:primary data 第二手资料:raw data 单因素实验:single-factor experiment 地域性流动:geographical mobility F 法人:fictitions person 反隔离:desegregation 犯罪学:criminology 父居家庭:patrilocal family 父系亲属:agnate 父子关系:filiation 分析性研究:analytical research 封闭式监管:close custody 封闭型问题:closed question 分层随机抽样:stratified random sample G 规范:norms 更年期:menopause 过激主义:ultraism 个案研究:case study 个人主义:individualism 归属需求:need to belong 个人崇拜:personality cult 功能主义:functionalism H 行话,黑话:argot 横坐标:abscissa 合理趋势:rational trend 霍桑效应:Hawthorne effect 婚姻调适:marriage adjustment 宏观分析:macroscopic analysis 黄金分割:golden section 互补角色:complementary role J 家谱:family religrees 截点:cut-off point 拒答率:refusal rate 绝对值:absolute value 监护人:chaperonage 角色冲突:role conflict 角色距离:role distance 角色紧张:role strain 金钱崇拜:mammon worship 间接暗示:indirect suggestion 价值中立:value free 价值判断:value judgement
关于职位的 行政词汇: 首席执行官Chief Executive Officer 部门经理Branch Manager 市场行政总监Executive Marketing Director 国际监管Controller(International) 运营总监Director of Operations 进出口经理Import/Export Manager 商店经理助理Assistant Store Manager 操作经理Operations Manager 房地产经理Property Manager 首席运营官Chief Operations Officer 生产经理Production Manager 服务经理Service Manager 零售店经理Retail Store Manager 产品经理Product Manager 项目经理Project Manager 总经理General Manager 区域经理Regional Manager 管理顾问Management Consultant 仓库经理Warehouse Manager 运输经理Transportation Manager 库存管理经理Inventory Control Manager 办公室经理Office Manager 助理Staff Assistant 办公室文员General Office Clerk 接待员Receptionist 订单输入文员Order Entry Clerk 副总裁Vice-President 行政主管Administrative Director 行政副总裁Vice-President of Administration 行政助理Executive Assistant 行政秘书Executive Secretary 票务代理Ticket Agent 保险协调员Insurance Coordinator 档案管理员File Clerk 市场与销售: 销售副总裁Vice-President of Sales 市场副总裁Vice-President of Marketing 高级客户经理Senior Account Manager 销售主管Sales Administrator 地区销售经理Regional Sales Manager 地区客户经理Regional Account Manager 房地产评估师Real Estate Appraiser 采购经理Merchandising Manager 市场顾问Marketing Consultant 市场助理Marketing Assistant 市场与销售总监Marketing and Sales Director 市场调查分析员Market Research Analyst
法律英语词汇的特点及其翻译 Ξ 李 丽 (三峡大学外国语学院教师 香港中文大学翻译系博士生 香港沙田) 摘 要 法律文件的英汉翻译在中国发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文从四个方面归纳法律英语词汇的特点,即专业性、正式性、客观性及准确性,并进一步探讨具体的法律词汇翻译的方法和对策。关键词 法律翻译 法律词汇特点 翻译方法 翻译策略 Abstract Translation of legal documents is now playing an ever -increasing role in China.This paper first surveys four primary characteristics of legal vocabulary ,namely ,professionalism ,formalism ,objectivity and exactitude ,followed by a presentation and discussion of s pecific strategies and methods of translating legal vo 2cabulary between English and Chinese. K ey Words Legal translation characteristics of legal vocabulary translation methods translation strate 2gies 随着中国加入WTO ,世界经济一体化,中国与世界的交往和联系越来越多。法律文件的翻译将会在社会生活中扮演很重要的角色。要做好法律文件的英汉翻译,我们必须了解法律英语的一些特点。所谓法律英语,“是指法律界通用的书面英语(包括法律、法规、条例、规章、协定、判定和裁定等),尤其是指律师起草法律文件(合同、章程、协议、契约等)惯常使用的语 言。”[1] 法律英语在词汇、句式等方面都有它自己的特点。本文尝试归纳出法律英语在词汇方面的四大特点,并进而探讨一些具体的翻译方法和策略。1 专业性 “法律语言部分地是由具有特定法律意义的词组成,部分地是由日常用语组成。具有特定法律意义的词,在日常用语中即使有也很少 使用,如预谋、过失、非法侵害等。”[2] 除了具有特定法律意义的词之外,很多在日常生活中普遍应用的词汇,一旦到了法律文本中,便具有了区别于日常意义的法律意义。这也就是我们常 说的法律词汇的“专业性”。下表列举部分英语单词的普通意义和法律意义: 英语单词 日常意义法律意义adverse 相反的非法的battery 电池伤害、人身攻击condemn 谴责判刑、定罪declaration 声明、宣言申诉书exhibit 展出物证hear 听见听审immunity 免疫力豁免权leave 离开休庭proceed 进行起诉report 报告揭发sentence 句子判决undo 解开勾引、诱奸vacation 假期休庭期warrant 保证拘捕令 除了这些普通词汇所具有的专业意义之外,法律英语中还保留了一些外来词和旧体词,这也是法律词汇专业性的一个体现和标记。 外来词:现代法律词汇中保留一些来自拉文的词汇,如: ad hoc 专门地bona fide 真诚地 de facto 事实上的inter alia 除了别的因素以外in re 关于 mutatis mutandis 已作了必要的修订pari passu 按相同比例per se 自身pro bono 为了公益pro rata 按比例 第18卷3期2005年8月 中国科技翻译CHIN ESE SCIENCE &TECHNOLO GY TRANSLATORS JOURNAL Vol.18.No.3 Aug.2005 收稿日期:2005—03—09/14
1DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 计划建议书planning proposals 设计任务书design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图information drawing 设计基础资料basic data for design 工艺流程图process flowchart 工程地质资料engineering geological data 原始资料original data 设计进度schedule of design 2STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段 方案scheme, draft 草图sketch 会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判negotiation 可行性研究feasibility study 初步设计preliminary design 基础设计basic design 详细设计detail design 询价图enquiry drawing 施工图working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图as built drawing 3CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 日照sunshine 风玫瑰wind rose 主导风向prevailing wind direction 最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载wind load 最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电thunder and lightning 飓风hurricane 台风typhoon 旋风cyclone 降雨强度rainfall intensity 年降雨量annual rainfall 湿球温度wet bulb temperature 干球温度dry bulb temperature 冰冻期frost period
《国际商务》课程中英文词汇对照表 按字母顺序排列 A Absolute advantages 绝对优势 Acceptable 可接受的 Accountability 有责任;可说明性 Ad valorem tariff 从价税率 Administrative trade policies 管理贸易政策Adverse effect 反作用 Agent 中介,代理商 Agriculture 农业 Ambiguity 歧义 Andean Pact 安第斯条约 Antidumping policies 反倾销政策 APEC 亚太经合组织 Aquiring & Merging 并购 Asset 资产 Assistance 援助 Association 联系 Attractive 有吸引力的 Autonomy 自治权 Availability 可利用性 B Balance-of-payment accounts 收支平衡Balance-of-trade equilibrium 贸易均衡Bandwagon effect 从众效应 Banking crisis 银行业危机 Barrier 壁垒 Barter 交易 Benefit 好处,利益 Bill of exchange 汇票 Bill of lading 提单 Buddhism 佛教 Business ethics 商业道德 Buyback 返销,回购 C CAFTA 中美洲自由贸易区 CAM 计算机辅助制造 Capital flight 资本外逃 CARICOM 加勒比共同体 Caste system 种性制度
Caveat 警告,附加说明Centralization 集中,中央集权化Channel length 渠道长度 Channel quality 渠道质量 Class consciousness 阶级意识 Class system 等级制度 Clear Vision 目的明确 Code of ethics 职业道德,道德准则Collapse 崩溃,贬值 Collect 收集,搜集 Collectivism 集体主义 Common market 共同市场 Communist 共产主义者Comparative advantage 比较优势Compensation 补偿 Competitive advantage 竞争力优势Computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计Concentration 集中,重视 Confucian dynamism 儒家动力Confucianism 儒学 Consumer 消费者 Control system 操纵系统 Core competence 核心能力Corporation 公司 Correlation 相互的关系Counterpurchase 互购 Countertrade 对消贸易,反向贸易Countertrade 反向贸易Countervailing duties 补偿义务 Court of Justice 法庭 Cross-cultural literacy 跨国文化的认识Cultural Barrier 文化障碍 Currency board. 货币委员会 Currency crisis 货币危机 Currency speculation 货币投机Currency swap 互惠外汇信贷 Current account 经常账户 D Decentralization 分散,地方分权Demand 需求 Democracy 民主政体 Deregulation 违反规定,反常Dilemma 困境
家用电器英语Home appliances 1:电视机: LCD TV/liquid crystal display television液晶电视 Wall hung Plasma TV 壁挂式等离子电视 ACTV- advanced compatible television 与普通电视兼容的高清晰度电视系统 数字电视按照清晰度分为4档:高清晰度HDTV(High-definition television)、增强清晰度EDTV(Enhanced-definition television)、标准清晰度SDTV(Standard-definition television)、普通清晰度PDTV(pure digital television). 等离子电视:PDP(Plasma Display Panel TV) 液晶电视: LCD( Liquid Crystal Display TV) 数字电视(Digital TV,简称DTV) 机顶盒:set-top box 液晶电视Plasma TV 背投电视Projection TV 平板电视Flat Panel TV CRT电视:CRT:Cathode Ray Tube纯平显示器 黑白电视机monochrome television/black-and-white TV 彩色电视Color TV: 双声道stereo: 2:关于冰箱的词汇: 电冰箱对开门样式free standing side by side/French Door 电冰箱的双开门样式top freezer 3:关于洗衣机的词汇: 波轮式全自动洗衣机automatic impeller washing machine 前开式滚筒洗衣机front loader washing machine 顶装式洗衣机 top loaded washing machine 4:其它家电: Vertical Disinfection Cabinetffice 消毒碗柜 Household Gas Stove 煤气炉 Smoke Exhauster 抽油烟机 Range hood 抽油烟机 stove 炉子 toaster 烤面包机 air exhauster抽气机 Soya-bean milk Grinder 豆浆机 Food Blender 搅拌机 Juice extractor 榨汁机 Filter Purifier 净水器 Water Dispenser 饮水机 DVD: Digital Versatile Disc fluorescent lamp 日光灯 flashlight 手电筒
法律词汇汉英互译 废除repeal 分割partition 分居live separate and apart 分离severance 分期付款installment payment 分期付款by instalment 分期支付by instalment 分权共有人co-owner 分权学说doctrine of separation of powers 分摊apportion 分租sub-lease 纷争的解决settlement to disputes 丰宁满族自治县Fengning Manchu Autonomous Region 风险投资venture capital 封宗法主意思想feudal legal thought 佛山市Foshan Municipality 否定repudiate 否决权veto power 否认deny
否认立约non est factum 夫妻spouse 夫妻感情goodwill as between spouses 夫妻共同所有财产joint property of the spouses 夫妻关系spousal relationship 夫妻关系中的子女a child of a union of concubinage 夫妻间有互相扶养的义务mutual obligation between spouses for maintenance of one another 夫妻名义pugitive spouses 夫妻身份spousal relationship 夫妻在婚姻关系存续期间while a spousal relationship subsists 扶养的义务mutual maintenance support obligation 扶养费maintenance 符号sign 福利社会welfare society 福州市Fuzhou Municipality 抚顺市Fushun Municipality 抚养foster 抚养费cost of maintenance 抚养关系的继父子foster father and son relationship 父母权parental right
“计算机组成原理”课专业词汇汉英对照 中文英文 地址 address mode 寻址方式 addressing 地址变换或映射addressing translation or mapping 算法 algorithm gate 与门 AND operation 与运算 AND software 应用软件 application 算术逻辑运算单元Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) 汇编器 assembler language 汇编语言 assembly bus 异步总线 asynchronous 基址或偏移量寻址base or displacement addressing block 基本块 basic notation 移码 biased algorithm 布斯算法 Booth’s 转移 branch 转移不成功branch mot taken taken 转移成功 branch 转移目标地址branch target address
电子数字积分计算机Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (ENIAC) 异常或中断 exception or interrupt 异或门 exclusive OR gate 指数 exponent 浮点数 floating point 全相联Cache fully associative Cache 通用寄存器general-purpose register (GPR) 握手协议 handshaking protocol 硬布线控制 hardwared control 十六进制 hexadecimal 高级程序编程语言high-level programming language 命中率 hit rate 输入输出 I/O I/O 指令 I/O instruction I/O 接口 I/O interface 立即数寻址 immediate addressing 指令格式 instruction format 内存储器 internal memory 最近最久没有使用Least Recently Used (LRU) 最低有效位 least significant bit 线性流水线 linear pipeline 主存储器Main Memory (MM) 存储器层次结构 memory hierarchy 微代码 microcode 微指令 microinstruction 微程序 microprogram 微程序控制 microprogrammed control 最高有效位 most significant bit 多周期或多时钟周期实现方式multicycle or multiple clock cycle implementation 非线性流水线 nonlinear pipeline 规格化的 normalized 操作码 opcode 操作系统 operating system 上溢 overflow PC相对寻址 PC-relative addressing 流水线数据相关 pipeline data hazard 流水线断流 pipeline stall 流水线功能阶段或步骤 pipelining stage 处理器—存储器总线processor memory buses 程序计数器Program Counter (PC) 商 quotient