2012年高考上海卷解析 单选完形填空部分

2012年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试

上海英语试卷解析

单选,完形部分解析:葛孝浩

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.

25. passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.

A. For B .Without C. Beneath D. By

25. B。句意：没有激情，人们就不会有创造性思考所必需的动机或者快乐。本题考查介词用

法for:为了，对于；without:没有；beneath:在……之下；by:被; 经由; 靠, 通过, 用;

根据句意选B。本题难度：易。

【拓展】典型例句：Without the sun, nothing would grow. 没有太阳，就不会有生物。

26. Is honesty the best policy? We _ that it is when we are little.

A. will teach

B. teach

C. are taught

D. will be taught

26. C。句意：诚实是上策么？在我们小的时候就被教导是这样的。本题考查时态和语态。我

们是被教导的，不是我们教导别人，因此用被动式；此处表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作，而不是指将来的事，因此用一般现在时，故选C。本题难度：易。

【拓展】此处可能会受所谓“主将从现”思维定势的影响，从句是一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，就会误选D。

27. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed into the sports club.

A. going

B. to go

C. go

D. gone

27 B。句意：由于杰克把他的会员卡落在家里了，因此他没被允许进入运动俱乐部。本题考

查非谓语动词用法。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，被动结构为：be allowed to do,因此选B。本题难度：中。

【拓展】此处容易误用“allow doing sth.”的结构，此时为主动结构。

28. The new law states that people ________ drive after drinking alcohol.

A. wouldn't

B. needn't

C. won't

D. mustn't

28. D。句意：新法律规定：禁止人们在饮酒后驾车。本题考查情态动词用法。wouldn't：不

会，不该，语气比won't弱；needn't：不必；won't：不会，不该；mustn't：禁止。根据句意选D。本题难度：中。

【拓展】法律法规规定某人该做什么时，通常用sb. shall do sth.的结构。

29. Only with the greatest of luck _ to escape from the rising flood waters.

A. managed she

B. she managed

C. did she manage

D. she did manage

29. C。句意：只是由于最好的运气，她才成功地从不断上涨的洪水中逃脱了。本题考查倒装

结构。Only加状语位于句首，主句使用部分倒装，故选C。本题难度：中。

【拓展】只有only修饰状语放句首时，主句用部分倒装，若加主语则不倒装，如：Only our parents will always support us.

30. - I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.

-I know. By next month, he _ enough for a used one.

A. will have saved

B. will be saving

C. has saved

D. saves

30. A。句意：---我听说Jason正计划着要买一辆汽车。-----我知道。到下个月为止，他将已

经攒下足够的钱去买一辆二手车了。本题考查动词的时态。A是将来完成时，B是将来进行时，C是现在完成时，D是一般现在时。by next month是将来完成时的标志，故选A。本题难度：中。

【拓展】一般来说，看到by加某个时间就会用到完成时态，加过去时间、现在时间、将来时间，分别使用过去完成时、现在完成时、将来完成时。

31. When he took his gloves off, I noticed that one had his name written inside.

A. each

B. every

C. other

D. another

31. A。句意：当他脱下手套的时候，我注意到每只手套里面都写有他的名字。本题考查代

词用法。each：两个或两个以上的每一个；every：三个或三个以上的每一个；other：其他的；another：另一个。手套有两只，故选A。本题难度：中。

【拓展】each可做同位语，every则不可以。例如：We each have our private views about it. 我们每个人对这件事都有自己的看法。此处不可用every.

32. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly _ the airlines lower ticket prices.

A. once

B. if

C. after

D. unless

32. D。句意：我这次旅行的预算很紧，所以除非航空公司降低票价，否则我是不打算坐飞

机的。本题考查连词用法。once：一旦，引导条件状语从句；if：如果，引导条件状语从句；after：在……之后，引导时间状语从句；unless：除非，相当于if not，引导条件状语从句。根据句意选D。本题难度：中。

【拓展】如果空格前为肯定，则选择if.

33. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say.

A. thinking of

B. to think of

C. thought of

D. think of

33. A。句意：在公开场合说话时，Peter总是很难想出合适的内容去说。本题考查固定结构。

have trouble/difficulty doing sth.：做某事有困难。故选A。本题难度：中。

【拓展】若不知此固定结构，就可能选其他选项：A. have sth. to do：有某事要去做；C. have sth. done：让某事被做；D. have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事。

34. There is much truth in the idea _ kindness is usually served by frankness.

A. why

B. which

C. that

D. whether

34. C。句意：“通常坦诚之下才有友善”这一想法是很有道理的。本题考查名词性从句中的

同位语从句。从句解释了the idea的具体内容，且完整不缺成分，故选that。本题难度：中。

【拓展】如果主干为I have no idea，后面的同位语从句则有可能选择其他选项，例如：I have no idea whether he will come to the party. 我不知道他是否来参加聚会。

35. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ _ you received gifts?

A. which

B. them

C. that

D. whom

35. D。句意：你有没有给那些从他们那儿收到礼物的亲戚们发感谢信啊？本题考查定语从

句。介词+关系代词中只能用which和whom，先行词relatives是人，故选whom。本题难度：中。

【拓展】from whom=and from them，就从复合句变成了并列句。

36. The club, _ _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.

A. founded

B. founding

C. being founded

D. to be founded

36. A。句意：建于25年前的这家俱乐部正在为过去和现在的会员们举行聚会。本题考查非

谓语动词。found是及物动词，club应当是被建立的，故应当使用被动式，A为一般式，

C为进行式，D为将来式。本题难度：中。

【拓展】；此处founded=which was founded，非谓语结构可转化为从句结构。

37. - Was it by cutting down staff _ _she saved the firm?

- No, it was by improving work efficiency.

A. when

B. what

C. how

D. that

37. D。句意：---她是不是通过裁员而挽救了公司？---不是，是通过提高工作效率实现的。本

题考查特殊句式。本题是强调句，固定结构为：it is/was +被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分。本题难度：难。

【拓展】判断是否是强调句，it is/was和that/who去掉，看剩余的能否组成完整句子，若能就是强调句，若不能则考虑其他句型。此处She saved the firm by cutting down staff是完整句子，故选D。

38. - We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do?

- No, _ _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.

A. who

B. that

C. what

D. which

38. C。句意：---我们只找到这个小书架，行不行？---不行，我所要找的是比这个大得多、结

实得多的。本题考查名词性从句。此处主语从句中for后面缺宾语，只能用what引导主语从句。What既引导从句，又充当句子成分。本题难度：中。

【拓展】名词性从句中若缺少主语、宾语、表语时，就要补what，在有范围选择的时候，才会用到which.

39. "Genius" is a complicated concept, _ _ many different factors.

A. involved

B. involving

C. to involve

D. being involved

39. B。句意：“天才”是一个复杂的概念，涉及许多不同的因素。本题考查非谓语动词。Concept

和involve之间是主动关系，而C表将来或表目的，故应使用现在分词形式表示和主句动作同时发生。现在分词短语作非限制性定语，修饰concept。本题难度：难。

【拓展】及物动词的非谓语形式的选择，若空格之后为名词性质的词，一般用主动形式；空格之后加介词，则用被动形式。

40. The map is one of the best tools a man has _ _ he goes to a new place.

A. whenever

B. whatever

C. wherever

D. however

40. A。句意：一个人无论什么时候到了一个新地方，地图都是他所拥有的最好的工具之一。

本题考查连词的用法。A：无论何时；B：无论什么东西；C：无论何地；D：无论如何。

根据句意选A。本题难度：中。

【拓展】此处wherever= no matter where，引导让步状语从句时，wh…ever=no matter+wh….

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Filling each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚）and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ;

sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings, two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think

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