高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 题型突破 专题12 阅读理解 第2讲 推理判断题(一)对点特训

第2讲推理判断题（一）

推理判断题(一)

A

(2016·山西大学附属中学高三月考)Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes(运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has shown that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.

The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback(反馈) to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw(缺陷) in themselves.

Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be worried more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research shows that positive reinforcement motivates learning and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can

lead to burnout.

体裁：说明文题材：文化教育主题：正面评价儿童运动

语篇导读：文章说明了在儿童运动时，父母以及教练的评价反馈的重要性，建议我们在孩子运动时多作正面评价，少批评。

1. According to the passage sport is positive for young people because ________.

A．it can help them learn more about society

B．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves

C．it enables them to find flaws in themselves

D．it can provide them with valuable experiences

【解析】D细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句可知，运动时会有很多宝贵的经历，也就是说在体育场上儿童会获得很多宝贵的经历，故选D项。

2. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ________.

A. without realizing criticism may destroy their self－confidence

B．in order to make them remember life's lessons

C. believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development

D．so as to put more pressure on them

【解析】A推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后两句可知，教练和父母应该意识到他们的反馈会对孩子产生很大的影响，孩子会把他们的批评记在心里，从而动摇自己的信心。但是现在仍然有很多父母和教练在批评孩子，这就说明他们没有意识到这个问题，故选A 项。

3．According to the passage parents and coaches should ________.

A．help children to win every game

B．pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports

C．enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports

D．train children to cope with stress

【解析】B推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二、三句可知，比赛的结果远远不如在运动中学习的过程更重要，我们要让孩子享受运动的过程，而不是仅仅关注结果，故选B 项。

【状元点拨·方法】推理判断题干扰项特征

(1)曲解文意。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的字词设计出干扰项。(2)张冠李戴。通过使用原文中出现的词汇或者句式，把本来适用于一种情况的内容移用到其他情况。(3)颠覆是非。干扰项涉及原文中提及的一些内容或现象，但整体意思却与原文恰恰相反。

4．The author's purpose in writing the passage is ________.

A. to persuade young children not to worry about criticism

B．to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children

C．to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement

D．to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout

【解析】B推理判断题。作者在本文中详细叙述了运动对于身体和智力的作用，如果在运动中父母和教练对孩子的表现做出负面的评价，将会动摇孩子的自信。应该让孩子享受运动，因为孩子在运动的过程中所学到的东西远比比赛的结果更重要。所以本文是为了强调对孩子的正面评价的重要性，故选B项。

B

(2016·成都树德中学高三质监)From 2008 to 2013, American households lost $1 trillion in real estate, savings, and stocks. More than half of all the U．S.workers either lost their jobs or were forced to take cuts in hours or pay during the recession. The worst may be behind them now, but the shocking losses of the past few years have reshaped nearly every facet of their lives—how they live, work, and spend—even the way they think about the future.

For Cindy, the recession began when her husband was relocated to Rhinelander, Wisconsin, by his company, forcing the family to move in a hurry. The couple

bought a new house but were unable to sell their two－bedroom home in Big Lake, Minnesota. With two mortgages(抵押借款) and two young children to care for, Cindy couldn't imagine how to stretch her husband's paycheck to keep her family fed.

Then she stumbled upon an online community called Blotanical, a forum for gardeners, many with an interest in sustainability. “The more I read and discussed these practices, the more I realized this would help not only our budget but also our health，” she says.

Cindy admits that before the recession, she was a city girl with no interest in growing her own dinner. “I grew flowers mostly—I didn't think about plants that weren't visually interesting.” But to stretch her budget, she began putting in vegetables and fruit—everything from strawberry beds to apple trees—and as her first seedlings grew, her spirits lifted. She no longer thinks of gardening and making her own jams as just a money saver; they're a genuine pleasure. “It's brought us closer together as a family, too，” she says. Her kids voluntarily pitch in with(主动帮助) the garden work, and the family cook together instead of eating out. The food tastes better—it's fresher and organic—and the garden handily fulfills its original purpose: cost cutting. Now she spends about $200 to $300 a month on groceries, less than half of the $650 a month that she used to lay out.

After discovering how resourceful she can be in tough times, Cindy is no longer easily discouraged. “It makes me feel proud to be able to say I made it myself，” she says. “I feel accomplished, and I'm more confident about attempting things I've never done before.” Now she avoids convenience stores and has begun learning to knit, quilt, and make her own soap. “I don't think I would have ever begun this journey if it weren't for the recession，” she says. “I have a feeling that from now on, it will affect my family's health and happiness for the better.”

体裁：记叙文题材：人物故事主题：重塑生活方式

语篇导读：本文介绍了在美国经济大萧条后，辛迪和家人改变原有生活方式的故事。

5．We learn from the first paragraph that the recession ________.

A. had great impact on Americans' work and life

B．affected Americans in certain occupations

C．had only brought huge losses in savings and stocks

D．is over with some of the losses recovered

【解析】A细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二、三句可知，经济衰退对美国人工作和生活方式等各方面都产生了巨大的影响，故选A项。

6．What made the family's financial situation even worse was that they ________.

A．moved to Rhinelander in a hurry

B．were not interested in growing food

C．didn't know anyone in Rhinelander

D．couldn't sell their home in Big Lake

【解析】D推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后两句可知，他们位于大湖市的两居室没能卖出去，加上有两个孩子要养，使得他们的境况雪上加霜，故选D项。

7．Cindy views gardening as a genuine pleasure because gardening ________.

A．helped her cut living costs almost by half

B．enabled her to make her own jams

C．built up family ties and kids' enthusiasm

D．enabled her to know more about plants

【解析】C推理判断题。根据文章第四段第五、六句提到“这使得我们一家人更加亲密无间了”以及“她的孩子们会主动在园子帮忙干活”可知，这正是辛迪把园艺活动看作一种genuine pleasure的原因所在，故选C项。

8．What does Cindy think of the difficult times she has gone through?

A. It gave the couple and their kids a tough lesson.

B．It gave her confidence and optimism.

C．It would come again and affect the family.

D．It left a lasting psychological impact on the family.

【解析】B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句可知，辛迪变得乐观了；再由第三句可知，辛迪变得更加自信，故选B项。

C

(2016·湖南郴州高三质监)Scientists in Argentina have created the world's first cow to own two human genes that will enable it to produce human－like milk，which is matchless up to now.It is a breakthrough in the area of clone.

Genetic engineering was used to introduce the “mothers' milk”genes into the animal before birth, according to the National Institute of Agribusiness Technology in Buenos Aires.

As an adult, the cloned cow “will produce milk that is similar to that of humans”，which will prove “a development of great importance for the nutrition of infants”，as it is said in a statement.

“The cloned cow, named Rosita ISA, is the first one born in the world that owns two human genes that contain the proteins present in human milk，” the statement said.

In April, scientists in China published details of research showing that they had created GM Holstein dairy cows which produced milk containing proteins found in human breast milk.

But the Argentine team says the Chinese only introduced one human gene, whereas their research involved two genes, meaning the milk will more closely resemble that of humans.

Rosita ISA was born on April 6 and was delivered by Caesarean section because she weighed around 100 pounds, roughly twice the normal weight of Jersey Cows.

Adrian Mutto, from the National University of Sa n Martin said, “Our goal was to raise the nutritional value of cows' milk by adding two human genes, the protein lactoferrin and lysozyme, which can provide newly－born babies with anti－bacterial and anti－viral(抗病毒) protection.”

Cristina Kirchner，President of Argentina，said that the scientific institute “makes all Argentines proud”．She also revealed that she had rejected the “honor” of having the cow named after her.“They come to tell me that the name is Cristina, but what woman would like to have a cow named after her？It appeared to me to be more appropriate to call it Rosita.”

体裁：说明文题材：介绍说明主题：拥有人类基因的牛

语篇导读：阿根廷科学家通过添加人类基因的方式培育出了能生产“类人乳”的牛。这是基因工程的一项突破。

9．What can we know about Rosita ISA according to the passage?

A．Its milk has larger nutritional value than others'.

B．It is the first cow with a human gene.

C．It is as heavy as Jersey cows.

D．Its milk has the same proteins as human breast milk.

【解析】A推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句…the world's first cow to own two human genes…可知，B项中的a human gene错误；根据第七段…twice the normal weight of Jersey cows.可知C项错误；根据第六段…the milk will more closely resemble that of humans.可知，这种奶只是与母乳相似，故D项错误；根据第四段可知，该克隆牛所产牛奶和母乳相似，而且根据倒数第二段可知，它所产的奶在提供婴儿所需的营养方面有重大的进步，故选A项。

10．Lactoferrin and Lysozyme in milk ________.

A．can offer more proteins in cow milk

B．help provide more milk from cow

C．can increase the production of milk

D．are good for babies' health

【解析】D推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知，牛奶中的乳铁蛋白(lactoferrin)和溶酶菌(lysozyme)可以为婴儿提供抗菌和抗病毒的保护，对婴儿的健康有好处，故选D 项。

11．We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.

A．it is hard to name the cow

B．the president wants the cow named after her

C．honorable as it is, no women like the cow named after them

D．Cristina Kirchner objects to creating the cloned cow

【解析】C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第三句可知，该反问句表示肯定意义，表示没有一个女人愿意一头牛跟自己姓，故选C项。

12．What would be the best title of the passage?

A．Scientists in Argentina Could Produce Human Milk

B．Scientists Create a Cow That Produces “Human” Milk

C．The Cloned Cow Would Bring About Benefits

D．How Was the Cloned Cow Born?

【解析】B主旨大意题。从文章第一段第一句可知，本文主题是科学家培养出了一头能生产“类人乳”的牛，故选B项。

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