中考英语语法总复习及易错题讲解

中考英语语法总复习及

易错题讲解

-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

中考复习系列一词汇

词类知识

一、中考要求：

词汇是英语的基础，而弄清每一个词的词类是用词、造句、阅读和写作的基础。词类在中考的考查一般通过在名词、动词、形容词等各种词性的考查中表现出来。如判断各类词在句子中可以作的成分来决定使用哪个词形，词与词之间的搭配关系等。

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二、知识要点：

根据语法功能，词可分为十类：名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词、连词和感叹词。

1. 名词（n.）：

名词用来表示人、事物或抽象概念，如：boy 男孩，morning 早晨，duty 责任；在句子中主要作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、同位语、定语等。例如：The tomatoes on the table are very fresh. 桌子上的西红柿很新鲜。（作主语）

He is a doctor. 他是个医生。（作表语）

We’ll call the baby Mary. 我们要给这个婴儿取名玛丽。（作宾语补足语）

2. 代词（pro.）：

代词用来代替名词或数词，如：we 我们，their 他们的， that 那个，several 几个；在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。例如：

I know her sister. She is always ready to help others. 我认识她妹妹，她乐于助人。

（I和she作主语；her作定语；others作宾语）

The English teacher is not himself today. 英语老师今天不舒服。（作表语）

3.数词（num.）

数词表示数目和顺序，即基数词和序数词。如：one 一个，thousand 千，twelfth 第十二；在句子主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如：Three of us are from Beijing. 我们中有三个人是北京来的。（作主语）

You are the second one to come to see me. 你是第二个来看我的人。（作定语）

We don’t need so many people. We need only five.

我们不需要这么多人，我们只需要五个。（作宾语）

4. 形容词（adj.）

形容词表示人或事物的特征，如big 大的，white白色的；在句中主要作表语、定语、补足语等。

Look! Your bike is bigger than mine. 看，你的自行车比我的大。（作表语）He found the door open. 他发现门是开着的。（作宾语补足语）

5. 副词（adv.）

副词表示时间、地点、程度、动作特征等，如：now 现在，often 经常，quietly 安静地；在句中主要作状语，修饰形容词、副词、动词、句子等。例如：

She can sing very well. 她歌唱得非常好。（修饰副词well）

He stepped into the room quietly without being noticed.

他悄悄地走进房间，没有人注意到他。(修饰动词stepped)

6. 动词（v.）

动词用来表示动作或状态，如：speak 说，lie 躺，become 成为；在句中主要作谓语或与名词、形容词、实义动词等一起构成复合谓语。例如：He bought a computer yesterday. 他昨天买了一台电脑。(作谓语)

Tom was sick at home. 汤姆有病在家。（与形容词一起构成复合谓语）7. 冠词（art.）

冠词用于名词前，对名词起限制作用，包括不定冠词a/ an 一个，定冠词the 这/那个，这/那些。

There are some vegetables in the basket. 篮子里有些蔬菜。

8. 介词（prep.）

介词用于名词或代词前，表示与其他词的关系。如on 在……上面，for 为……。

I have waited here for three hours. 我在这里等了三个小时了。

9. 连词（conj.）

连词用于连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子，如and 和，but 但是，when 当……时候。

We talked and talked until he came. 我们一直谈到他来。

10. 感叹词（interj.）

感叹词用来表示说话时的感情或口气。如：hi 嗨，hello 喂，aha 啊哈，wow 哇。

Ah, here is the thing I’m after. 啊，我找的东西在这里呢。

三、易错点点拨：

1. 形容词和副词用法混淆，例如：

Children on the playground are playing happy. 操场上的孩子们高兴地玩着。

〔解析〕happy 是形容词，这个句子应该用副词修饰动词，应改为happily。

When his father heard this, he got angrily. 他爸爸听到这，就生气了。

〔解析〕get是系动词，后面要接形容词表示主语的状态，angrily应改为angry。

Look! It is raining hardly outside. 外面雨下得很大。

〔解析〕副词hard（猛烈地）误用为hardly（几乎不）。再如容易错误的把friendly、lovely等形容词当作副词来使用。

2. 连词和副词用法混淆，例如：

We were very tired, however, we felt excited. 我们很累，但是很兴奋。

〔分析〕however是副词，不能连接句子，应把however, 改为but，或者改为：

We were very tired。However, we felt excited.

3. 介词和副词用法混淆，例如：

He told me the teacher asked me to come into. 他告诉我老师让我进去。

〔解析〕into是介词，应该接宾语，否则就应该用in代替into。也可以改成come into the classroom。

总之，英语的词类在英语应用中起着很大作用，尤其在书面表达中，而且也是中考经常考查的内容，如在用所给词的正确形式填空中就经常出现词类转换的例子。

构词法知识

一、中考要求：

中考关于构词法的要求是：了解合成词、派生词构成的基本知识，掌握一定的单词转化规则；最经常用到的单词前缀和后缀变化；了解一些合成词的构成及用法等。

二、知识要点：

1.合成法：

合成法是英语单词的最基本的构词法。它通常由两个单词合在一起构成与这两个单词意思有关系和联系的新单词。合成词的特点是：两个单词合在一起构成新的单词，有时要加连字符，有时可能有一些词形方面的变化。例如：class + room － classroom 教室black + board － blackboard 黑板bath + room － bathroom浴室day + dreaming － daydreaming 白日梦

kind + heart+ed － kindhearted 好心的good + look+ing － good-looking 好看的

man + made － man-made 人造的 well + known － well-known

著名的

掌握合成法的构词方法会对单词的记忆和生词的推测有很大帮助，例如：〔例句〕What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence?

〔解析〕这个句子是阅读理解题中经常出现的一个问题，underlined可能对一些同学来说是个生词。我们可以看出它是由under和line加上-d构成的，因此很容易猜出词义是“下面划线的”。

2. 派生法

派生法是英语构词法最广泛的，也是最常用的方法。派生词包括加前缀和后缀两种形式。

前缀：是在单词的前面加的某些固定的字母组合，经常见到的前缀有im-，un-，dis-，in-，a-，tele-等。其中im-，un-，dis-，in-，一般构成反义词。例如：

honest 诚实的－dishonest 不诚实的 possible 可能的－impossible 不可能的happy 高兴的－ unhappy 不高兴的polite 有礼貌的－impolite 没有礼貌的

〔例句〕It is _____ (possible) for you to write such a long novel in an hour. It may take you one day.

〔解析〕答案是impossible。从后面句子的意思“可能要花一天时间”理解一个小时写如此长的小说是不可能的，所以加前缀构成反义词impossible，表示“不可能的”，这样前后句子的意思保持一致。

〔例句〕They don’t like your brother because he is a very ______ (honest) boy.

〔解析〕答案是dishonest。从前面句子的意思“他们不喜欢你的弟弟”可以理解后面的句子是加前缀构成的dishonest表示“不诚实”的意思，表示不喜欢的原因。

后缀：后缀是在单词的后面加的某些固定的字母组合。经常见到的后缀有：

（1）名词后缀：-er，-or，-tion，-ian，-ment，-ness等。例如：

art 艺术－artist 艺术家 move 移动－ movement 运动educate 教育－education 教育

teach 教－teacher 教师 act 表演－ actor 男演员translate 翻译－translation 翻译

〔例句〕Three ______ (visit) will come to our village and teach us English.

〔解析〕答案是visitors。从句子的意思可以理解是三个“参观者”，所以在visit的后面加后缀变为名词visitors。

（2）副词后缀：一般由形容词＋ly或-ward(s)等后缀变为副词。例如：easy容易的－easily容易地 heavy大的、重的－heavily 沉重地、很重地

〔例句〕Look! It is raining ________ (heavy) outside now.

〔解析〕答案是heavily。从句子的结构可以看出应该用副词修饰动词rain，heavy的副词是变y为i，加后缀-ly构成。

（3）形容词后缀：一般由名词＋-y，-able，-ful，-ive，-less，-al等后缀构成形容词。

如表示天气的名词加后缀-y构成形容词：

rain雨－rainy有雨的 wind风－windy有风的 cloud云－cloudy多云的

〔例句〕What’s the weather like today

It’s ______ (fog).

〔解析〕答案是foggy。从句子的意思可以理解是用形容词表示“天气是多雾的”，fog是名词，它的形容词是在名词后双写g再加后缀-y。

〔例句〕We can eat this kind of plants. They are ______ (harm) to our health.

〔解析〕答案是harmless。从句子的结构可以理解应该用形容词作表语，从上下文中看出应该用harmless，表示“无害的”。

3. 转化法

有一些单词词形没有变化，但词性发生变化，这种构词法叫词的转化。例如：

Let’s have a swim after school. （swim在此句中是名词）

I can swim now.（此句的swim是动词）。再如：

Look! Your mother is cleaning your room. (clean是动词)

Oh, how clean your room is now.（clean是形容词）

三、易错点点拨：

1. 合成词容易出现的错误：一般是句义和词义判断不够准确，忘记用连字符等。如

Who is the ______ (中年的) woman over there?

〔解析〕易误用middleage。要注意有些合成词是需要在词形上作一些改变，更要注意有些合成词需由连字符“-”连接。在此句中用合成词middle-aged。

The nine-years-old girl can sing twelve English songs.

〔解析〕数词+名词+形容词构成的合成词时名词要用单数，所以nine-years-old应改为nine-year-old。

2. 派生词容易出现的错误：单词的前缀或后缀记忆不清；不能从句子的意思准确判断出用哪一个派生词。如：

The boy became ______ (home) after his parents died two years ago.

〔解析〕易误用inhome。出现错误的原因是随便给home加了表示否定的前缀。在此句中应该用派生词homeless表示“无家可归”的意思。

Your teacher was very ______ (happy) because you forgot your homework.

〔解析〕易误用happily。出现错误的原因是不能理解某些后缀或前缀的作用和意义。在此句中派生词unhappy表示“不高兴”的意思，而happily是副词“高兴的”，只有用unhappy才能和整个句子的意思保持一致。

The radio says it will be _____ (rain) this afternoon. You’d better take your raincoat.

〔解析〕易错用raining。出现错误的原因是认为be后面用现在分词构成现在进行时，在此句中用派生词rainy和be连用构成系表结构表示“下雨的天气”。

中考总复习二名词、代词和冠词

名词知识

(易错题精选)初中英语语法知识—形容词的全集汇编

一、选择题 1．With the development of modern science, it’s ________for us to get information from all over the world. A．slower B．easier C．harder D．busier 2．I can’t tell you how fantastic the film Secret Superstar is! It’s the ______ one I have ever seen. A．better B．best C．worse D．worst 3．—How is your head teacher? —Our head teacher is _________ with us and we usually feel nervous in his lesson. A．kind B．pleased C．strict D．good 4．―is the population of China? ―It’s about 1.4 billion. I think it's becoming . A．what, more and more B．How many, larger and larger C．What, larger and larger D．How much, smaller and smaller 5．一Lucy, do you have any plans to spend your five-day holiday? 一I will go to Xiamen a second time. I have never visited city A．a most fantastic B．the most fantastic C．a more fantastic D．the more fantastic 6．Rowan was listed in the top 50 ________ people ever by a group of comedians. A．funny B．funnier C．funniest D．the funniest 7．I'm surprised that Jenny is 42. I thought she was , for she seems to be in her thirties. A．younger B．older C．young D．old 8．- I’m very tired these days because of this exam. - Why not listen to music? It can make you ______. A．relaxed B．sad C．scared D．bored 9．It is said that e-schoolbags are going to be brought into use in Chinese middle schools soon. In fact. It is a small computer that is __________ than a usual schoolbag but holds all the things for study, such as a _________，an exercise book and so on． A．much smaller, testbook B．even smaller, textbook C．far smaller, comic book 10．—Sonia, do you think you are different from Linda? —Yes. I'm ______ at drawing than her. A．better B．good C．well D．best 11．—Judy, what do you think of your junior high school life? —I think it is one of ______ periods in my life. A．wonderful B．the most wonderful C．more wonderful 12．Steven is always ready to help others. What a(n)______ boy! A．kind B．healthy C．honest D．clever 13．A walk every day is enough to keep you healthy and in good shape．

高中英语语法易错题专题复习练习

高中英语语法易错题专题复习练习 1. My uncle bought me ___ MP4 as my birthday present yesterday. A. an B. a C. the D. / 【答案】A 【解析】此题题意为“叔叔昨天给我买了一个MP4 作为生日礼物”，故答案在A 和B 中选择，MP4 的首字母M 发音为元音，和首字母M 是辅音没有关系，故答案为A。 2. We decided to buy the flat because there was ____ underground station within walking distance and we could both take ___ underground to work. A. a, an B. an, an C. the, \ D. an, the 【答案】D 【解析】此题第一个空根据句意判断有一个地铁站，又根据underground 的发音 判断首字母发元音，故答案为an；第二个空考查乘地铁的两种说法by underground & take an underground，但是此处考查的是特指乘公寓附近的这个地铁去上班， 故要填the，综合两空答案为D 3. Gold is similar __ color ___ brass（黄铜）.

A. in, with B. in, to C. of, with D. of, to 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查similar 的搭配， A be similar to B ，相似于 A be the same with B，有一定混淆性，另外表达在某方面相似，搭配介词in，故答案为B。 4. What a dangerous scene! A car has missed the boy playing on the roadside __ only an inch. A. within B. for C. by D. at 【答案】C 【解析】本题题意为“一辆车差一点撞到那个在路边玩耍的男孩”，容易误导学生错选 A ，表示在一英寸以内，而真实意思是差一英尺，在英语中表示增长、降低、或者差距的正确表达是by+数字，故答案为C。 5. The girl has some balloons in her hand. One is red, ___ are yellow. A. others B. another C. the other D. the rest 【答案】D 【解析】此题题意为“那个女孩手上有一些气球，一个是红色的，其余的是黄色

【英语】 中考英语语法填空易错题经典

【英语】中考英语语法填空易错题经典 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Strangely enough, some inventions are lost ________ people can't imagine their ________ （valuable）. A use may need to be "invented" along with the invention. An example is the fax machine. The technology for faxing ________ （invent）in the 1800s. It took more than one hundred years, however, for the fax to be seen as useful. In 1843 Alexander Bain invented a machine to ________ （electrical）transmit（传输）writing. At first, it was considered ________ （use）since few people thought there was ________ need for transmitting writing over ________ （wire）. Eventually the value of the invention was realized, and it was improved ________ office use. By the 1980s, the fax machine became a piece of standard ________ （equip）in offices. The reason is ________it can very quickly transmit written documents. Who knows how many other inventions just need to be recognized as valuable? 【答案】because；value；was invented；electrically；useless；a/any；wires；for；equipment；that 【解析】【分析】主要讲了一些发明因为人们不能想象它们的价值而失去，列举传真机器的发明来说明这点。 （1）句意：足够奇怪的是，因为人们不能想象它们的价值，所以一些发明消失了。后句表示原因，所以用because；形容词修物主代词修饰名词，their它们的，形容词修物主代词，所以后面用形容词valuable的名词value，不可数名词，故填because，value。 （2）句意：传真的科技在19世纪被发明。invent发明，实义动词，主语technology是动作invent的承受者，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构是was/were+动词过去分词，主语technology是不可数名词，所以用was，invent的过去分词是invented，故填was invented。 （3）句意：1843年，亚历山大贝恩发明了一种电子传输文字的机器。electrical电子的，形容词，副词修饰实义动词，transmit传输，实义动词，所以用副词electrically，电子地，故填electrically。 （4）句意：起初，它被认为是无用的，因为很少有人认为有必要通过电线传输文字。be considere形容词，表示被认为怎么样，固定搭配，根据后文可知传真的作用后来才被认可，所以起初被认为是无用的，use使用，实义动词，其形容词是useless，无用的；原因是很少人认为有必要，few表示否定，所以用a/any；wire，电线，可数名词，前面没有表示单数的a或者one，所以用复数wires，故填useless；a/any；wires。 （5）句意：最终，这项发明的价值得以实现，并被改进为办公用途。为了办公用途才被改进，所以用for，为了，故填for。 （6）句意：到了20世纪80年代，传真机已成为办公室的标准设备。equip，装备，实义动词，形容词修饰名词，standard，标准的，形容词，所以用equip的名词equipment，设备，不可数名词，故填equipment。 （7）句意：原因是它能很快地传送书面文件。the reason is that...，原因是……，固定搭

初中英语语法易错题

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