盐城中学2013-2014学年高二下学期期中考试 英语(南校区)

江苏省盐城中学2013—2014学年度第二学期期中考试

高二年级英语试题（2014.4）

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题人：张蕾吴干城审核人：郭乃华

试卷说明：本场考试时间120分钟，总分150分。

第Ⅰ卷( 选择题共105分)

第一部分：听力（共两节, 满分20分)

第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the man want?

A. A tennis game.

B. An online game.

C. A shooting game.

2. What will the man do next?

A. Make dinner.

B. Wash the dishes.

C. Watch TV.

3. What does the man mean?

A. He prefers to keep the window closed.

B. He is too busy to open the window.

C. He agrees to open the window at once.

4. What is the time now?

A. About 5:30.

B. About 5:00.

C. About 4:30.

5. What does the man suggest doing?

A. Pressing the emergency button.

B. Calling the service centre.

C. Doing nothing for a short while.

第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. What did the woman spend $10 on？

A. The taxi.

B. The hot dogs.

C. The popcorn and drinks.

7. Where did the speakers go just before they went home?

A. To the convenience store.

B. To the movies.

C. To the new hot dog place.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8. What relation is Ms Leska to the woman?

A. Her roommate.

B. Her cousin.

C. Her workmate.

9. Who will probably meet Kevin at the bus station?

A. Claudia.

B. Tara.

C. Albee.

10. What will the woman do at 3:00 p.m.?

A. Meet the man.

B. Look after Ms Leska.

C. Teach a class.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11. How did the man learn to play instruments?

A. He taught himself.

B. He learned it at school.

C. He learned it at pubs and clubs.

12. What instrument did the man play first?

A. The piano.

B. Keyboards.

C. The drum.

13. When did the man leave school?

A. In 1981.

B. In 1992.

C. In 1997.

听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。

14. What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A. An article.

B. A newspaper.

C. A minibus.

15. How did the girl fall down on the road?

A. She tripped over something.

B. She was knocked over by a car.

C. She slipped because of the wet road.

16. Who flew out in the accident?

A. A car driver.

B. A minibus driver.

C. A minibus passenger.

17. What can we learn from the conversation?

A. The accident took place on Tuesday.

B. A truck was involved in the accident.

C. The woman witnessed the accident.

听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。

18. When were the speaker and his friends caught in a storm?

A. The second night.

B. The fifth night.

C. The last night.

19. What was the weather like on the last day?

A. Rainy.

B. Cloudy.

C. Fine.

20. What do we know about the speaker?

A. He was persuaded into the trip.

B. He walked 100 miles in one week.

C. He was disappointed at the trip.

第二部分英语知识运用(共两节, 满分55分)

第一节单项填空(共25小题, 每小题1分, 满分25分)

21. All people in China deserve equal opportunities to enjoy _____ happy life, see their dreams

come true and benefit from _____ country’s development.

A. a; the

B. a; 不填

C. the; a

D. the; 不填

22. Nelson Mandela, an international symbol of strength and peace, died on December 5, 2013,

and his death sparked both worldwide mourning and a ______ of his life’s achievements.

A. celebration

B. reservation

C. qualification

D. conservation

23. An idea which seems to be simple always turns out _______ that is difficult to put into practice.

A. the one

B. ones

C. one

D. another

24. Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang province, always draws many tourists every winter, for it is

_______ in ice and snow during the long cold months.

A. adequate

B. abundant

C. accessible

D. appropriate

25. — Look! Her new dress is so beautiful.

— I saw one like this in a shop yesterday, but I didn’t have my credit card with me or I’d certainly have bought it.

A. unnecessarily

B. undoubtedly

C. unsurprisingly

D. unfortunately

26. Beijing University will its search for top teachers gifted in sciences in the coming

years to build a world first-class university.

A. advocate

B. circulate

C. accelerate

D. delay

27. Once cities could accept rural migrant workers and their children as permanent residents, the

number of left-behind children in rural areas will rapidly .

A. set off

B. drop off

C. take off

D. break off

28. It’s said that the lack of gravity on the moon makes _____ to jump 30 feet or more.

A. it possible

B. possible

C. impossible

D. it possibility

29. We acknowledge that, in general, state-owned companies do have an advantage ______ the

stability, management, and career prospects they offer.

A. in terms of

B. in need of

C. in charge of

D. in praise of

30. Electric cars are environmentally friendly; ___, they are comparatively cheaper than traditional

cars.

A. as a result

B. in other words

C. what’s mor e

D. on the contrary

31. — Congratulations! I hear you passed the driving test the first time you took it.

— Thanks. You know, I full preparations for it.

A. made

B. have made

C. had made

D. was making

32. It is vital for costal provinces that an emergency plan to deal with possible typhoons

in summer, otherwise they will suffer a great loss.

A. be made

B. is made

C. will be made

D. would be made

33. --- Did you hear that? Peter was admitted to a second-class college.

---He ______ a top university, but he was addicted to playing computer games.

A. had entered

B. would enter

C. must have entered

D. could have

entered

34. students what is the most difficult course in high school, and most of them will give

you the same answer: maths.

A. Ask

B. Asking

C. Asked

D. To be asked

35. The stadium in the south of our city, soon, will be an ideal place for people to have all

kinds of sports in.

A. being completed

B. to have been completed

C. to be completed

D. completed

36. Japan opposed the idea that China set up its own air defense identification zone (航空识别区),

________ could be expected beforehand.

A. which

B. that

C. as

D. what

37. To build a harmonious society, which is ______ we desire, we advocate tighter communities

______ families not only live closer, but also they care for and help each other more conveniently.

A. that, which

B. that, whether

C. what, that

D. what, where

38. English is widely used all over the world ______ Turkish is spoken by only a few people

outside Turkey itself.

A. once

B. since

C. while

D. unless

39. There exist some health problems that, when ___ in time, can turn to bigger ones later on.

A. not treated

B. not being treated

C. not to be treated

D. not have been treated

40. The institute estimates that living expenses for international students ______ around $8,450 a

year, which ______ a burden for some of them.

A. are；is

B. are；are

C. is；are

D. is；is

41. — If I make more money, I will be able to afford it.

—I don’t think it is a goo d idea to buy a new car, ________?

A. do I

B. don’t I

C. is it

D. isn’t it

42. It was not until after careful modification, although ready for release months ago, ______ the

film Personal Tailor was opened to the general public on December 19, 2013.

A. which

B. that

C. when

D. where

43. So occupied with his business _____ that he can hardly accompany his family at weekends.

A. the manager has become

B. becomes the manager

C. has become the manager

D. has the manager become

44. —Oh, it’s already 10 o’clock. I’m afraid I must go home now.— OK. _______.

A. Let’s call it a day.

B. Take your time.

C. It couldn’t be better

D. That’s all right.

45. — Sam really works hard, and he has been promoted to manager of the new workshop.

— Well, .

A. actions speak louder than words

B. you reap what you sow

C. better late than never

D. that’s his cup of tea

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分, 满分30分）

阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

As high school students pour to social networking sites, campus police are scanning their Facebook and Myspace pages for tips to help 46 fights, monitor gangs (帮派) and prevent crime.

Some students 47 police looking over their shoulders. But officers responsible for school 48 say routine checks of the online forums often add 49 the knowledge they obtain from hallways or schoolyards.

In recent years, school administrators have criticized some campus fights on 50 conflicts and urged parents to keep 51 on their children’s computer activity. But students

who use the Web to let their 500 closest friends 52 what they are doing at all times are sometimes 53 that police are watching, too.

Police don’t have special 54 on Facebook or Myspace. Students who want to go 55 can change privacy settings so that their profiles are displayed only to a list of 56 people. But the default (默认) settings leave those profiles 57 to many Internet users (in the case of Facebook) or all of them (in the case of Myspace).

Employers and college admission officers have 58 online profiles of student 59 for some time. Police across the country have been doing the same for the past two or three years, said Kevin Quinn, a spokesman for the National Association of School Resource Officers.

“If you are already 60 with the technology, it doesn’t take you but a couple of 61 to get into the student population and keep an eye on things,” Quinn said.

Late last month, Fairfax County police 62 the arrest of seven Chantilly area teenagers for trying to recruit (招募) Franklin Middle School students to a gang. Fairfax police say they 63 themselves on addressing issues in schools 64 they develop into major problems. Keeping an eye on Facebook and Myspace has become an extra tool in their 65 , they said.

46. A. keep up B. pick up C. break up D. give up

47. A. object to B. stick to C. adjust to D. lead to

48. A. performance B. curriculum C. safety D. report

49. A. on B. in C. up D. to

50. A. social B. online C. political D. cultural

51. A. watch B. pressure C. emphasis D. focus

52. A. wonder B. decide C. know D. help

53. A. excited B. surprised C. satisfied D. delighted

54. A. occasion B. favor C. right D. address

55. A. uncovered B. unknown C. undamaged D. unpunished

56. A. common B. informed C. local D. approved

57. A. secret B. close C. open D. equal

58. A. examined B. changed C. saved D. created

59. A. leaders B. bloggers C. friends D. applicants

60. A. happy B. upset C. familiar D. patient

61. A. months B. weeks C. days D. minutes

62. A. claimed B. announced C. witnessed D. questioned

63. A. blame B. pride C. base D. impress

64. A. as B. when C. before D. until

65. A. effort B. career C. website D. school

第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分）

阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

“You know, Chihuahuas aren’t actual dogs. They’re a kind of fox,” announced a woman at a party. This woman entirely believed that Chihuahuas are the descendants (后裔) of the Fennec fox. Many people might believe this: Chihuahuas are similar to foxes in their appearance with long-haired Chihuahuas appearing almost indistinguishable from their wild counterparts(同伴).

The idea that Chihuahuas are related to foxes isn’t uncommon. Even the American Kennel Club, which is usually a highly respected source of information, accepts the belief and the similarity between Chihuahuas and Fennec foxes. Interesting as it is to imagine that Chihuahuas are a breed (品种) of the fox, this idea simply can’t hold water. Chihuahuas are, in fact, far more closely related to dingoes(澳洲野犬) or wolves than they are to Fennec foxes.

Like other dogs, Chihuahuas are able to breed with other members within the same species. The Fennec fox is a member of a different species. Chihuahuas and Fennec foxes are fairly distantly related just like a cat and a tiger are. Their similarities occur only because of a phenomenon known as convergent evolution(趋同进化), in which animals develop similar features to meet similar biological needs.

A simple observation of geography further denies the idea that Fennec foxes and Chihuahuas are related. While the Fennec fox was living in the deserts of Africa, the Chihuahua came from Mexico, where it got its common name. Its closest living relatives are other native Central and South American breeds. Its ancestor, the now nearly-extinct Mexican gray wolf, is also a much closer relative to the Chihuahua than any other fox.

It is common to consider the cute Chihuahua as a little Fennec fox adapted to life, but this theory is not true. Chihuahuas are domestic(驯养的) dogs to the same degree as other dogs. Much as a Chihuahua might look like a fox, it is—and always will be—a dog.

66. Why did the woman say Chihuahuas are a kind of fox?

A. They are a breed of the special fox.

B. They partly have the features of foxes in appearance.

C. Their ancestor is the Fennec fox in fact.

D. Their habits are just like those of foxes.

67. What does the underlined part “hold water” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. Last long.

B. Keep fresh.

C. Sound reasonable.

D. Stand being tested and analyzed.

68. What can we learn about Chihuahuas from this passage?

A. Chihuahuas are the descendants of the dingoe.

B. The features of animals are usually hard to change.

C. They are cute, long-haired and much like a fox.

D. Chihuahuas came from Africa.

69. This passage is written mainly to ________.

A. tell readers some simple knowledge about Chihuahuas

B. distinguish Chihuahuas from Fennec foxes with some facts

C. use an example to tell readers about convergent evolution

D. correct the wrong belief that Chihuahuas are closely related to foxes

B

A. Wendy

B. Anne

C. Julie

D. Nancy

71. How many people have joined in the discussion?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 5

D. 7

72. Nancy and Anne share the opinion that _________.

A. work can bring joy to people

B. creativity may help reduce depression

C. beauty is the most important in life

D. different people handle things differently

C

B irds Can “Read” Human Gaze

We all know that people sometimes change their behavior when someone is looking their way. Now, a new study reported online on April 2nd in Current Biology shows that jackdaws—birds related to crows with eyes that appear similar to human eyes—can do the same.

“Jackdaws seem to recognize the eye’s role in visual perception, or at the very least they are extremely sensitive to the way that human eyes are oriented(朝向),” s aid Auguste von Bayern, formerly of the University of Cambridge and now at the University of Oxford.

When presented with a preferred food, hand-raised jackdaws took significantly longer to get the reward when a person was directing his eyes towards the food than when he was looking away, according to the research team led by Nathan Emery of the University of Cambridge and Queen Mary University of London. The birds hesitated only when the person was unfamiliar and thus potentially threatening.

In addition, the birds were able to interpret human communicative gestures, such as gaze alternation and pointing, to help them find hidden food, they found. The birds were unsuccessful in using unmoving cues, including eye gaze or head orientation.

Unlike most birds, j ackdaws’ eyes have a dark pupil surrounded by a silvery white iris. The researchers said they believe jackdaws are probably sensitive to human eyes because, as in humans, eyes are an important means of communication for them. The hand-raised birds examined in the study may be even better than wild jackdaws at attending to human gaze and

responding to the gestures of the people who have raised them.

The findings are particularly notable given that most other species investigated so far, including our closest relatives the chimpanzee and “man’s best friend,” the dog, are not particularly sensitive to eye orientation and eye gaze, von Bayern said. Rather, she continued, chimps and dogs seem to rely on other cues such as head or body orientation in determining the looking direction of others. The results suggest that birds may deserve more respect for their mental abilities.

“We may have understated the psychological world of birds,” von Bayern said. “Jackdaws, among many other birds, form pair ties for life and need to have much in common and work together with their partner, which requires an efficient way of communicating and sensitivity to their partner’s viewpoint.”

73.A hand-raised jackdaw hesitates to take a preferred food when the feeder _____.

A. is looking away from the food

B. is unfamiliar to the bird

C. holds the food in his hand

D. is looking at the food

74.According to the researchers, jackdaws can notice human eye orientation probably because

_____.

A. like humans, they also use eyes to communicate

B. they are far more intelligent than other birds

C. they are mostly hand-raised by humans

D. their eyes also have a dark pupil

75.Why does the author refer to chimpanzees and dogs?

A. To suggest that they are much better at interpreting gaze alternation.

B. To reflect how unique jackdaws are in being able to notice gaze orientation.

C. To show that they communicate more frequently with humans than jackdaws.

D. To make clear that they rely on other means in determining people’s intention.

76.What does the research finding suggest?

A. We may have understated jackdaws’ mental abilities.

B. Not all jackdaws are good at attending to human gaze.

C. We know embarrassingly less about birds than we assume.

D. The closer we communicate with animals, the better we understand them.

D

Colin walked slowly home from school. He looked across the hills at the little Irish fishing village. It did not seem like Christmas Eve. Perhaps this was because it still had not snowed. But Colin knew there was another reason—a reason he did not dare whisper even in his heart.

He looked toward the sea. There was no ship. And seven days ago his father’s fishing boat hadn’t gone home in time. “I’ll bring you a small sheep dog from the Shetland Isles,” Colin’s father told him the morning he left. But now it was Christmas Eve. Colin looked toward the lighthouse, high on the hill. For seven days, there had been no light to guide his father’s ship.

Colin pushed open the door of his cottage. “We’ll need more peat (泥煤) for the fire, Colin,” sai d his mother as he entered. “It has burned itself out. And it’s near time to light the Christmas candle. Everybody in Ireland lights a candle on Christmas Eve, even when there’s sadness in the house. It shows that your house and heart are open to strangers. I’ve two candles, one for each of us. If you gather some peat, we’ll be ready for supper soon.” Colin nodded and went outside.

He led their donkey up the hill. But while he was staring at the lighthouse, Colin had an idea.

He came to the lighthouse and knocked on the door.

Mr. Duffy, the keeper, opened the door. “What’s up, young man?”

“Mr. Duffy,” said Colin, “what did you use to light the lighthouse?”

“Well, we used an oil lamp. But we’ve no oil to burn.”

“Maybe kerosene (柴油) would do,” suggested Coli n.

“Well, I suppose,” Mr. Duffy thought. “But you wouldn’t find even a little spare kerosene in this village. Everyone is so poor ...”

Colin was gone before Mr. Duffy could finish his sentence.

He ran back to the cottage. Then he ran out with four buckets. Colin could see candles glowing in nearly every cottage in the valley. A candle on Christmas Eve meant that a stranger would be welcome and given whatever he asked. He didn’t stop running until he came to the first house.

“Could you spare me just a half cup of kerosene from your lamp?” he asked. Colin went to every house where a candle was shining . In one hour he had filled two buckets. Slowly and painfully he carried them up to the lighthouse door.

“What’s this?” Mr. Duffy asked. “This won’t keep the lamp burning for more than an hour or so.”

“I’ll get more!” Colin shouted as he started down the hill.

After three more long hours, Colin had gathered five more buckets of kerosene. He was on his way with the sixth pail, when the tower suddenly shone with light. The light spread toward the dark heart of the sea like a finger pointing home. Mr. Duffy had lighted the lamp!

It was very late when Colin reached home. His mother jumped from her seat near the fire.

“Colin, where have you been? You’ve had no supper, nor lighted your candle!”

“Oh, mom! I’ve lighted a candle, and it’s a big one!”

Colin slept soundly that night, dreaming of candles. Suddenly, a loud shout aroused him from his sleep.

“The boat! The boat was just different in the fog, lost.” Colin r ushed to the window. His mother was running toward the harbor. It was true! There floated his father’s boat. Colin ran across the yard and raced to the harbor. He felt a wet wind on his face. It was beginning to snow.

Oh, it was Christmas morning all right, falling right from heaven and into his heart!

77. What Colin dare not whisper even in his heart was that ________.

A. there was no way to light the lighthouse

B. his father wouldn’t come back home any more

C. his father didn’t return home from the sea as expected

D. his family couldn’t afford any Christmas presents

78. How did Mr. Duffy react to Colin’s suggestion?

A. He thought it was rather wasteful.

B. He thought it was quite impractical.

C. He thought it was well worth trying.

D. He thought it was far too dangerous.

79. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?

A. Colin’s father had his boat turned over in a storm.

B. Colin’s efforts on Christmas Eve finally paid off.

C. Colin was a wise and determined boy.

D. Colin loved his father so much.

80. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Colin’s Christmas candle

B. A particular Christmas Eve

C. A light in Colin’s heart

D. A father’s fishing experience

第Ⅱ卷( 非选择题共45分)

第四部分任务型阅读(共10小题, 每小题1分, 共10分)

认真阅读下列短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空一词。

If you want to design a life of your choice, firstly, you mustn’t take your life for granted. It is a human tendency to expect everything to settle down and be in total harmony by the age of 40-50. If you wish to get good-quality fruits at 40, sow(播种) quality seeds in your twenties. Your twenties are the formative years of your career, your thirties are the consolidation (巩固) stage and your forties are the period to take advantage of your p revious two decades’ labor, a time to build on the advantages to create wealth. This applies to your personal life, professional life and social life, which will eventually make your life in your fifties much more satisfying.

Secondly, you should be specific about what you want in life and from life. If your goal is to climb Mount Everest, you should know where it is located, how high it is, the oxygen supply, the best time, and the equipment. Similarly, you should be specific about what you want from life, where and how you can get it, what are the efforts you need to fulfill the needs, and the time and equipment needed. Don’t move forth without goals or be unequipped.

Thirdly, take risks, but don’t leave things to chance. It is a well-known fact that without taking risks, not much can be achieved. However, before taking risks, make an objective judgment about the gains and losses, the investment, the returns, and the time required. Remember, time is the one resource of which there is always plenty but which can never be restored once passed.

Remember, you only have one life, and it’s only going to happen once. Therefore, fourthly, take the time right now to work out a design for your life. If life was a movie, and you were the producer and actor, what role would you want to play and how would the plot unfold? Designing your life is like making a movie. You have to be able to imagine the end at the beginning. It may be a little hazy (模糊) at first, but as you continue working on it, it’ll become clearer and clearer.

Lastly, you are supposed to make concrete(明确具体的) plans, but keep them flexible enough to be able to change them according to the situation. As the producer of your life, you can change, delete, or add anything you want in your project. But at least by going through this exercise of designing your life, you are in control of your circumstances, rather than allowing yourself to become a victim of them. So do not hesitate to change your path, if necessary.

91. The agreement is not _________ (有效的), because one side who signed it doesn’t qualify.

92. A new railway line is being c_________ in our hometown.

93. At last, all of us stood up and _________ (鼓掌，称赞) the speech given by Mr. green who let

us see the hope.

94. All the ___________ (安排) should be completed previous to your leaving so that everything

will go smoothly.

95. Many members of the council o_________ the building of the luxury (奢侈的) houses in the

centre of the city.

96. The aim of any reform of legal aid should be to make the system a_________ to more people.

97. An eclipse of the moon(月蚀) is a rare _________(现象).

98. Every year the company e_______ the workers and then decides their monthly pay.

99. When I put forward my plan at the meeting, he was the first to s_________ to it.

100. Your account of events _________ (符合) with hers.

第六部分书面表达（共25分）

请根据下表所提供的信息以“How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic?”为题写一篇150字左右的短文。

要求：1）可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯。

2）词数：150字左右。短文开头已为你写好，不计入词数。

参考词汇：拥堵—congestion

How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic?

With the development of economy, more and more vehicles are going on the streets.

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___

江苏省盐城中学2013—2014学年度第一学期期中考试

高二年级英语试题（2013.11）参考答案

听力：(1’*20)

1—20: BBAAC BACBC ACBAC CABCA

单选：(1’*25)

21—45：AACBD CBAAC CADAC CDCAA CBDAB

完型：(1.5’*20)

46—65：CACDB ACBCB DCADC DBBCA

阅读：(2’*15)

66—69: BDCD70—72: CCB 73—76: BABA 77—80: CBAA

任务型阅读：(1’*10)

81. harmonious 82. forms 83. Based 84. location 85. achieve

86. judge 87. lost 88. Spend 89. View / Consider / Regard 90. hesitation

单词拼写: (1’*10)

91. valid 92. constructed 93. applauded 94. arrangements 95. opposed

96. accessible 97. phenomenon 98. evaluates 99. subscribed 100. corresponds/ed

书面表达(25’*1)

How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic?

With the development of economy, more and more vehicles are going on the streets. As a result, most cities, especially the big ones, suffer from traffic congestion. Heavy traffic has become one of the major concerns of the society.

To solve the problem, people have put forward many solutions, of which the following two are typical. One is to lay down more roads. It will make the highways less crowded and quicken the flow of traffic. Another is to open up more bus routes. In this case, more people will take buses rather than ride bikes or drive cars. Then the number of cars and bikes racing on the streets will decline.

However, either of the two solutions brings about problems at the same time. The former may occupy too much land, which can be otherwise more effectively used. For the latter, it will cause inconvenience to those who are living far away from the bus stops.

The best solution, in my eyes, is to combine the two: building more roads where land is less profitable and opening up more buses routes in down town areas. What’s more, everyone of us can help solve the problem by taking public transport more frequently instead of using private cars too often.

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