2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析

2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section II Cloze Test

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)

If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 42he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 46and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47. He must either sell some of his property or 48extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 49of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.

41. [A] other than [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than

42. [A] only if [B] much as [C] long before [D] ever since

43. [A] for [B] against [C] of [D] towards

44. [A] replace [B] purchase [C] supplement [D] dispose

45. [A] enhance [B] mix [C] feed [D] raise

46. [A] vessels [B] routes [C] paths [D] channels

47. [A] self-confident [B] self-sufficient [C] self-satisfied [D] self-restrained

48. [A] search [B] save [C] offer [D] seek

49. [A] proportion [B] percentage [C] rate [D] ratio

50. [A] genuinely [B] obviously [C] presumably [D] frequently

Section III Reading Comprehension

Directions:

Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)

Text 1

A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world’s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.

It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South K orea’s LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.

All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.

How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five

years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”

51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.

[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal

[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before

[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors

[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy

52. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested

in the fact that the American ________.

[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market

[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises

[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions

[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market

53. What can be inferred from the passage?

[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.

[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.

[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.

[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.

54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can

be attributed to the ________.

[A] turning of the business cycle

[B] restructuring of industry

[C] improved business management

[D] success in education

Text 2

Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and

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