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第二节 修辞格的翻译

第二节 修辞格的翻译
第二节 修辞格的翻译

第二节修辞格的翻译

英汉翻译中,修辞格的翻译往往比较棘手。原因是英语修辞格一般都具有形式独特新异、内容形象丰富、功能生动鲜明等特点。用汉语把所有这些要素都翻译出来自然比较困难。这时就要坚持首先保证内容、其次尽量保留原文效果、最后力争形式妥贴的原则。根据这一原则,修辞格的翻译一般有直译法、解释法、意译法、替换法等。6.2.1直译法

修辞格的翻译直译法应为首选。例如下面一些句子:

1. His present hunger awoke and gnawed at him.

这会儿,他肚子里的饥饿又苏醒过来撕咬着他。

2. Of me, my mother would say, with characteristic restraint, "This bandit. He doesn't even have to open a book---'A' in everything. Albert Einstein the Second."

至于我,母亲总是以特有的矜持说:"这小鬼头,他甚至连书本都不消打开──门门都是优秀,真是个活脱脱的爱因斯坦。"

3. The Dutchman was six-foot, a great, red-faced,

hot-tempered trek-ox of a man.

那荷兰人身高六英尺,大块头,红脸膛,暴脾气,简直是一头拉车的公牛。

4. The parental discipline can be described as cruel kindness. 父母的惩戒可以说是残酷的仁慈。

5. Safety will be the sturdy child of terror, and survival the

twin brother of annihilation.

安全是恐怖的健壮婴儿,生存是毁灭的孪生兄弟。

6. The plays adapted from Greek tragedies and Shakespearean drama by Suzuki, although performed in Japanese, caused a big stir among the western audience with their strange and cruel beauty.

铃木正改编自希腊悲剧和莎士比亚戏剧的剧作,虽然以日语演出,但那种奇异而残酷的美,却在西方观众中引起了轰动。

7. What had once seemed shallow and tedious now loomed in memory like paradise.

过去一度认为是浅薄、无聊的事情现在却像天堂美景一样在脑际萦回。

8. The ball felt light as a feather against his big hands.

球掉在他的大手上轻如鸿毛。

6.2.2 解释法

有的时候直译可能造成理解上的困难,但是又不允许或者不宜舍弃原来的修辞格,这个时候可以采取解释的方法。例如:

1. Hailed as an Iacacca, he now must meet added competition.

他把自己标榜为艾柯卡式的金融巨子,眼下一定会遇到更多的竞争对手。(Iacacca为美国汽车工业界巨头,因善于经营而知名,曾有自传流行于世)

2. Some Japanese say privately that Hussein is not Hitler but Frankenstein's monster, created in part by an America whose pro-Israeli stance has inflamed Arab opinion over the years and whose policies only a few months ago were subsidizing Iraq's military buildup.

一些日本人士私下说,候赛因不是希特勒,而是危及其创造者的弗兰肯斯坦,部分是由美国创造出来的,美国的亲以色列立场这些年来激怒了阿拉伯的舆论,而仅仅几个月以前,美国的政策还在补贴伊拉克军事力量的发展。(Frankenstein为英国作家所著小说中一科学家,他创造了一个怪物而自己被它毁灭)

6.2.3意译法

有的修辞格即使采取解释的方法也会妨碍读者的阅读和理解,这个时候就只能割弃修辞格的形式,只保留基本信息了。例如下面一段销售部门经理对下属推销人员的训话:

O.K. fellas, this is it! D-Day! Let's get out there and blitz the competition. Give'em hell! Now we've planned our strategy down to the last T. No Maginot Line here! And oh, we want no Quislings on our team. The last thing we want in this outfit is a Fifth Column. On the other hand, give yourselves room to maneuver. Don't get into any Catch-22 situation. Promise them anything: a New Deal, a Fair Deal, a Square Deal. Make the first sale and the rest will follow

like the domino effect. The bottom line is sell, sell, sell!

在这个段文中,作者一连用了十个来源不同的引喻。D-Day:诺曼底登陆日,引申为着手任何一项重要行动;blitz:二战中德军惯用的闪电战术,比喻突然袭击;give'em hell:杜鲁门竞选总统时的口头禅,表示彻底打跨对方;Maginot Line:马其诺防线,比喻不堪一击的防御性措施;Quisling:二战时挪威纳粹傀儡政权头子,比喻变节分子;Fifth Column:第五纵队,源于西班牙内战,比喻内奸人物或组织;Catch-22:源于美国作家海勒的同名小说《第二十二条军规》,引申为进退两难的僵局;New Deal:罗斯福的"新政",比喻雷厉风行的改革措施;Fair Deal和Square Deal都是New Deal的仿词;domino effect:多米诺效应;bottom line:经济学术语,原指财政报表坐标图上表示纯收入或纯赤字的最低线,现常用来比喻最终目标或利益等。由于这些引喻大部分为中国读者所不了解,而如果逐条解释又会使文章显得十分罗嗦,所以只能把它们所包含的基本意思翻译出来:

好吧,伙计们,情况就是如此这般!该大干一场了!大家要携起手来,以迅猛之势赢得竞争!决策既然订好就得毫无条件地实施到底,决不要一味地防守!噢对了,我们可不希望队伍中出现变节分子,我们最不希望出现家贼。还有,你们要善于心计,切勿陷入尴尬的境地!尽管向客户做出一切承诺:新型交易,公平交易,公正交易。成了第一笔买卖,生意跟着就会接二连三地源源而来。总之,我们的最终目标就是卖、卖、卖!其他例子:

1. The National Aeronautics and space Administration had called it a "success-oriented" schedule to get the space shuttle flying again, but the Odyssey of "Discovery" was beset with various problems.国家航空和航天局曾将航天飞机再度发射称做一个"十拿九稳"的计划,但是"发现者"号的旅程一波三折,问题重重。

2. He fought with desperation and a stout club.他手舞大棍,拼命厮杀。

3. He took his time and the floor. 他不慌不忙,翩然起舞。

4. IBM has a quite handsome increase of productivity this year.国际商用机器公司今年的生产率有了大幅度的提高。

5. This new tendency has raised many a conservative eyebrow.这种新趋势引起了许多保守派人士的非难。

6. John has won golden opinions through his justice.约翰因为自己的公正而赢得高度赞扬。

7. Every gain in the fight against AIDS raises hope that a magic bullet can be fashioned to cure the disease. 在与爱滋病的斗争中,每项成就的取得都意味着可望找到一种治愈这种疾病的克星。

6.2.4 替换法

替换法有两种情况,一是用其他修辞格翻译某种修辞格达到原文具有的效果,二是保留修辞格,但是在内容上做少许变动,而不影响

效果。第一种情况的例子:

1. Anna was thin and black, a very umbrella of a woman. (隐喻)

安娜是个又瘦又黑的女人,简直象一把雨伞。

2. They went to the funeral with weeping eyes and hearts. (轭式搭配)

他们向墓地走去,眼里流泪,心里滴血。

第二种情况可以拿比喻的翻译作例。比喻在英汉两种语言中都是应用最广泛的修辞格,是"以其所知喻其所不知而使人知之"(惠施)的一种手段。由于本体和喻体的搭配习惯在两种语言文化中不尽相同,所以有的时候如果不用替换的方法则难以使人理解。比如to eat like a horse,to work like a horse 这两个英语比喻的喻体是horse,如果运用直译的方法就成为"食量像马一样大"、"像马一样工作",读者看到这样的翻译即使能懂,也会觉得别扭,不如把horse 替换成汉语常用的喻体"牛":"食量大如牛"、"像牛一样辛劳地干活"。

修辞格的翻译方法

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堡是美国一个军事保留地,是美国黄金仓库的所在地。) (三)意译法由于许多英语修辞手法或比喻形象本身是特有的,如保留其形象就会危害其义。 如英语的头韵法,其搭配可以千变万化,很难碰巧找到这样的汉语搭配,即使勉强凑韵,也不一定能表达原文的意思。 在这种情况下,必须首先保证译文能正确传达原文的思想内容,然后尽一切可能去表现原文的节奏和旋律。 safe and sound安然无恙 now and never机不可失 (1)He is the mouth of the House in its relations with the crown.他是议会对王室的发言人。 (2)He took his time and the floor.他不慌不忙,翩然起舞。 (四)替换法 替换法有两种情况, 一是用其他修辞格翻译某种达到原文具有的效果, 二是保留修辞格,但是在内容上做少许变动,而不会影响效果。 第一种情况的例子: (1)Anna was thin and black,a very umbrella of awomen.安娜是个又瘦又黑的女人,简直像一把雨伞。 (2)(2)They went to the funeral with weeping eyes andhearts.他们向墓地走去,眼里流泪,心里滴血。 第二种情况可以拿比喻的翻译作例,比喻在英汉两种语言中都是应用

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顾客第一 Customers first 顾客是我们的皇帝 We take customers as our Gods. 规格齐全 a complete range of specifications; complete in specific ations 花样繁多 a wide selection of colours and designs 货色齐全 goods of every description are available. 客商第一,信誉第一 clients first, reputation first 款式多样 a great variety of models 款式活泼端庄 vivid and great in style 款式齐全 various styles 款式新颖 attractive designs; fashionable(in) style; novel (in) de sign; up-to-date styling 款式新颖众多 diversified latest designs 美观大方 elegant appearance 美观耐用 attractive and durable 品质优良,疗效显著,誉满全球,欢迎选购 excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome. 品种多样 numerous in variety 品种繁多 great varieties 品种齐全 complete range of articles; a great variety of goods

常用专业术语翻译

1.素质教育:Quality Education 2. EQ:分两种,一种为教育商数Educational quotient,另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业:the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出:ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金:clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款:non-performing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包:mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社:credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障:a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度:the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷:export credit 12. 贷款质量:loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法:the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险:take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程:flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易:illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇:foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构:non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税:transform administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计:foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度:the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全:the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦:excess reclamation 24. 合同管理制度:the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策:pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费:basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系:sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制:the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全:economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设:to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求:the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长:fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库:grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业:grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行:closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场:grain sales market 37. 劣质工程:shoddy engineering

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