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连词练习题

连词练习题
连词练习题

初中英语语法专项练习题--连词【基础练习】

(一)根据句意选用and, but, or, so, while, for填空。

1. The ground is wet, _________ it rained last night.

2. It's a fine day today, _________ everyone is busy.

3. This is our first lesson, _________ I don't know all your names.

4. Take an umbrella with you, _________ you'll get wet.

5. Do you understand what I said _________ do you want me to explain it again?

6. We have classes in the morning, _________ we don't have classes in the afternoon.

7. She is a doctor _________ I am a teacher.

8. Use your head, _________ you'll find a way.

9. They went to the zoo yesterday, _________ they didn't see any animals.

10. I must go now, _________ it's getting dark.

11. Be careful, _________ you will fall off the tree.

12.—Excuse me. Do you have a table for two?

—I'm sorry, _________ there aren't any seats now. Would you mind waiting for a while?

13. Never give up, _________ you'll make it.

14. She was very thirsty, _________ she drank some water from the river.

15. You must work hard, _________ you'll fall behind.

16. The dress was very expensive, _________ I didn't buy it.

17. My uncle doesn't have much money,_________ he always enjoys himself.

18.—Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

—I'd like to, _________ I'm busy.

12、Get up early tomorrow, _________ you won't get there before seven.

(二)选择最佳答案:

( ) 1 My aunt asks whether I like a woolen sweater ______ a cotton one.

A. but

B. or

C. and

D. not

( ) 2 Either Mary ______ Lucy told him to come to see us.

A. or

B. and

C. with

D. nor

( ) 3 Hurry up, ______ we'll be late for the film.

A. and

B. but

C. so

D. or

( ) 4 Be quick, ______ we'll be late.

A. and

B. or

C. but

D. so

( ) 5 We ran to the trees, _____ we couldn't see any more monkeys.

A. but

B. so

C. and

D. for

( ) 6 _____ Li Ping ______ Wu Fang ______ League members.

A. Neither; nor; are

B. Either; nor; is

C. Both; and; are

D. Neither; or; is

( ) 7 You can ______ stay at home ______ go out to play.

A. either; or

B. so; that

C. neither; and

D. both; and

( ) 8 _____ Wei Hua ______ Ann______ very busy.

A. Both; and; is

B. So; and; is

C. Either; or; is

D. So; that; are

( ) 9 ______ Monday______ Tuesday is OK, I will be free then.

A. Either; or

B. Neither; nor

C. So; that

D. Both; and

( ) 10 ______ my brother_______ sister are doctors.

A. Not; but

B. Neither; nor

C. Both; and

D. Either; or

( ) 11 The teacher, as well as his students_______ football.

A. like

B. likes

C. enjoy

D. play

( ) 12 The doctor, along with these nurses_______ sent to the country.

A. are

B. were

C. have

D. was

( ) 13 My sister, together with her classmates_______ interested in the new book.

A. are

B. were

C. is

D. have

( ) 14 ______ she ______ I knows his telephone number, because it has been changed.

A. Both; and

B. Either; or

C. Not only; but also

D. Neither; nor

( ) 15 _______ Jack _______ Tom watched TV yesterday evening because they were busy with their lessons.

A. Both; and

B. Not only; but also

C. Not; but

D. Neither; nor

( ) 16 You may sit_______ this end_______ that end of the boat.

A. neither; nor

B. both; and

C. either; or

D. between; and

( ) 17 None of the shoes are the right size. They are _______ too big ________ too small.

A. or; or

B. either; or

C. neither; nor

D. both; and

( ) 18 When Lily was three, she could_______ read_______ write.

A. not; but

B. not; and

C. neither; nor

D. either; or

( ) 19 We should learn_______ from books._______ from workers and farmers.

A. both; and

B. either; or

C. neither; nor

D. as; as

( ) 20 We went_______ to the cinema, _______ to the park.

A. did not; /

B. not; but

C. either; or

D. both; and

【基础练习】

(一)选择所给的连词填空:

when, because, but, before, if, so….that, as….as, not…until, and, after, or, since

1.Hurry up, please! _______you’ll be late for school.

2.She ________go to bed ______ her mother came back.

3.Yesterday Jim didn’t go to see the film, ________he must go over his lessons.

4.The students were talking about the sports meeting _______ the teacher came in.

5.I was ______tired ________I couldn’t walk any more.

6.This building is _______ tall ________ that one.

7.Tom was ill yesterday, ________he still went to school as usual.

8.He asked me ______I would go there with him.

9.We have studied here ________ 1994.

10. The child had studied English for two years ________he went to middle school.

11. _______the boy finished his homework, he went to bed.

12. Study hard on your subjects, ________you’ll do well in the exam.

(二)选择最佳答案:

( )1. Liu Ming told us ____ his class were excited by the news.

A. when

B. how

C. that

D. before

( )2. My father didn’t come back ____ he finished all the work.

A. until

B. while

C. if

D. as soon as

( )3. More people came ____ I had expected.

A. as if

B. so that

C. since

D. than

( )4. H e can’t decide which to choose ____ there’s no difference between them.

A. but

B. so

C. because

D. and

( )5. Life today is easier ____ it was hundreds of years ago.

A. than . as C. what D. when

( )6. ____ the teacher came into the classroom, all the children stood up.

A. Whether

B. As well as

C. If

D. As soon as

( )7. ____ the population of a city grows, its problems also grow.

A. As

B. With

C. As soon

D. If

( )8. The film was so moving ____ Mike wanted to see it again.

A. that

B. and

C. so

D. where

( )9. ____ the card is lost during your stay in the hotel, please call the service center.

A. What

B. Before

C. Because

D. If

【中等题】

(一)并列连词

1. That was a long_______ dull talk.

A. so

B. and

C. so that

D. or

2. _______ the parents_________ their children wanted to move to the country.

A. Both, as well as

B. Neither, nor

C. Either, and

D. Both, also

3. He won't live in town, _____will his wife.

A. either

B. neither

C. also

D. too

4. Charlie took the job,_______ he did it very well.

A. so

B. yet

C. and

D. so that

5. My grandfather is in his eighties, ______he is still in good health.

A. or

B. but

C. so

D. for

6. — It's nothing serious. Just stay in bed for one or two days. ______ take it easy. — All right.

A. Still

B. And

C. But also

D. But

7. Think it over_________ you will find a way.

A. or

B. so

C. and

D. that

8. Cooper can _____speak Chinese________ read and write it.

A. not only, but also

B. both, also

C. not only, and still

D. either, and

9. I would like to go swimming, ______he won't.

A. and

B. for

C. nor

D. but

10. Don't stand at the door. ________come in_________ go out.

A. Both, and

B. Either, or

C. Not only, but also

D. So, or

11. Don't frighten the horse,_________ it will kick you.

A. and

B. since

C. for

D. or

12. We must set out earlier than yesterday,_________ we will travel eighty miles today.

A. for

B. and

C. though

D. when

13. It must be late,._______ all the shops have closed.

A. because

B. and

C. so

D. for

14. The road was narrow,_______ he drove as carefully _______ he could.

A. so, as

B. as, as

C. and, when

D. but, as soon as

15. You aren't listening,_________ I'll shut up.

A. but

B. when

C. so

D. or

16. The boy has made many mistakes; ______, you are his teacher, ______you should help him.

A. though, so

B. still, and

C. for, so

D. still, yet

17. I can't buy a new computer until next month,_________ I'll have to use this old one now.

A. so

B. while

C. since

D. but

18. The washing machine is quite, old;_________, it works well.

A. still

B. so

C. so that

D. for

19. You must work harder,_________ you'll be put into another class.

A. before

B. or

C. and

D. so that

20. The front door was locked,_________ I went round to the back door.

A. so

B. but

C. or

D. for

21. In that part of the desert we couldn't see_________ plant_________ animals.

A. neither, nor

B. either, or

C. both, and

D. no, also

22. There is air all around us,we can't see it.

A. so

B. for

C. but

D. nor

23. You may sit at this end.you may sit at that end.

A. For

B. And

C. Or

D. So

24. They were very bored, ______they still listened to him.

A. so

B. or

C. for

D. but

25. English is spoken in Britain and the United Stales by people outside Britain and the United States.

A. not only, but also

B. neither, nor

C. either, as well as

D. both, as well as

(二)从属连词

1. I asked him _________dog it was.

A. whose

B. which

C. who's

D. where

2. They go to concerts of modem music_________ they really like it.

A. because

B. if

C. though

D. after

3. Find out_________ they are going this evening and ask_________ may join them.

A. whether, that

B. where, whether

C. what, if

D. where, why

4. His talk was_________ dull_________ we all got bored.

A. as, as

B. very, that

C. so. as

D. so, that

5. Mother asked Charlie_________ lie had stayed out so late.

A. how

B. why

C. when

D. where

6. My daughter bought a new ring, but she didn't want to tell me_________ it really cost.

A. how often

B. how many

C. how much

D. how long

7. Can you tell me_________ the time is.

A. what

B. how much

C. how long

D. which

8. Do you think_________ the new cartoon will be shown on TV next week?

A. whether

B. that

C. when

D. where

9. Tell me_________ of these coats you prefer.

A. what

B. that

C. which

D. who

10. — Do you always go to work on foot?

— Not always._________ it rains, I usually go to work by bus.

A. When

B. While

C. As

D. Whether

11. The thief was caught_________ he was leaving the store.

A. as

B. after

C. before

D. until

12. We learned a little Japanese_________ we were in Japan.

A. as

B. since

C. till

D. while

13. you won't help me, I must do the exercise myself.

A. For

B. Now that

C. So that

D. While

14. The singer tried his best he might win the prize.

A. so that

B. as

C. till

D. if

15. It's not cold today it was yesterday.

A. so, that

B. so, as

C. very, as

D. as, than

16. I left for home I was told that all the students had returned home.

A. until

B. after

C. while

D. so

17. We all stood on the chairs _______we could see the actors clearly.

A. because

B. before

C. after

D. so that

18. I'm glad that you will come, but tell me ________you will arrive.

A. after

B. before

C. when

D. if

19. He has made great progress in his studies, but he's working even harder ______all of us.

A. than

B. as

C. like

D. of

20. ______ he wasn't interested in music, he came to the concert.

A. Since

B. Though

C. When

D. As

21. ________Tom was doing his homework, Jim was sleeping.

A. While

B. For

C. When

D. Since

22. ______you understand this rule, you won't have any trouble in doing these exercises.

A. While

B. Until

C. As soon as

D. Whether

23. ________we fail again, we will have to give up the plan.

A. Since

B. Whether

C. If

D. Till

24. I will tell him all about it ________he gets here.

A. as soon as

B. since

C. until

D. though

25. I still listened to him ________I was very angry with him.

A. because

B. though

C. if

D. when

26. We have been good friends we met each other nine years ago.

A. since

B. when

C. after

D. before

27. He went on doing his job _______he was asked to stop.

A. while

B. since

C. till

D. after

28. I wonder ________we will have any new subjects next term.

A. that

B. when

C. whether

D. why

29. She will have to do the cooking herself ________her mother doesn't come home before six.

A. when

B. if

C. till

D. since

30. I handed in my test paper, I knew I had made a mistake in the last problem.

A. As

B. Since

C. While

D. As soon as

31. It was still dark ________I got up about six that morning.

A. while

B. when

C. till

D. though

32. He didn't leave ________all the others left the burning house.

A. until

B. as

C. since

D. so

33. That piano is so heavy________ I can't move it alone.

A. then

B. as

C. that

D. so

34. I'll have dinner in that restaurant________ I go to Australia again.

A. while

B. so that

C. until

D. if

35. I will call a class meeting________ I can hear everyone's new idea about the New Year's party.

A. so that

B. that

C. which

D. for

36. I was sleeping in my bedroom ________I was woken up by a loud noise.

A. when

B. where

C. then

D. till

37. ______the afternoon lessons began, the teacher was surprised to find Li Li was not there.

A. As soon as

B. Until

C. As

D. Now that

38._____ Miss Yang graded all the papers, she found ten pupils had failed.

A. Till

B. After

C. If

D. As

39. _________every one of you has got the book, I won't read the text again.

A. While

B. Though

C. Now that

D. Before

40. We have reduced our working hours_________ it is too hot.

A. when

B. if

C. that

D. as

【提高题】

(一)用适当的连词填空:

1、She tried hard ___________ she failed.

2、Be quick, _________he’ll be angry.

3、You may _________ do it yourself _______ leave it to me.

4、He could read English ________Japanese well.

5、He didn’t know anything about that ________ he couldn’t tell you.

6、________ you ________ he was here yesterday. They were at the cinema.

7、You can _______eat it at home ________ in the open air. Either is OK.

8、Use your head, _______ you’ll have a way.

9、She’s _______ our teacher _______ our friend.

10、Write to me soon, _______I’ll know a lot about you.

11、He was ill, _________he was taken to the hospital.

12、She finished the work quite quickly, ________didn’t do it very well.

13、You may have ______ a cup of tea _______ a glass of water.

14、Have a rest and take this medicine, _________ you will be worse.

15、This shirt is _______ too big ________ to small for me.

16、We should be friendly to ________ the girls __________ the boys.

17、He was rather tired, _______ he kept on working.

18、I don’t know him, _______ do I know where he comes from.

19、She must come from Scotland, _______ only the Scotch talk in that way.

20、She is ________ an artist ________ a scientist.

(二)用适当的连词将下列句子合并起来:

1.Mrs. Smith talked to Allan. Allan studied even harder.

_________________________________________________________

2.I was late for the meeting. I missed the 7:00 bus.

_________________________________________________________

3.The Englishman was trying hard. The German gave up.

_________________________________________________________

4.The students still had their sports meeting. It was raining

_________________________________________________________

5.You have time tomorrow. We’ll wait for you at the school-gate.

_________________________________________________________

6. They have known each other. They were very young.

_________________________________________________________

7. I saw a wallet on the ground. I was walking in the street.

_________________________________________________________

8. They tried to work out the difficult problem by themselves. They asked the teacher.

_________________________________________________________

9. I will believe it. I see it with my own eyes.

_________________________________________________________

10. We’ll help you. You’re in trouble.

________________________________________________________

上海中考真题:

1、Peter was late for the meeting______ he missed the ferry.(07)

A.though

B.because

C.while

D.if

2、A good friend always gives you a helping hand______ you’re in trouble.(06)

A.when

B.before

C.until

D.though

3、Some passengers were walking through one of the big halls at Paris’Charles De Gaulle Airport______ the whole roof(屋顶) fell down.(04)

A.while

B.as soon as

C.when

D.after

4、You will be able to get good marks______.(03)

A.while you are doing your homework by yourself

B.if you do some revision every day

C.before you begin to study hard

D.until you follow your teacher’s advice

5、Bob spends a lot of money on books______ he is not rich.(02)

A.if

B.though

C.when

D.because

6、We should leave early tomorrow morning, ______ we won’t get there on time.(08)

A) so B) or C) but D) and

7、Bill won’t make any progress______ he studies harder than before.(08)

A) if B) when C) because D) unless

8、_________John failed to climb to the top of the mountain several times, he didn’t give up.(09)

A)Although B)Because C)Whether D)Unless

9、Keep an English diary, _______your English will improve.(09)

A)or B)since C)when D)and

10、We will have no water to drink __________we don't protect the earth.

A) until B) before C) though D) if

11、Money is important. ________it can't buy everything.

A) for B)but C)or D) so

全国各地中考真题:

1.---Hurry up. The bus is coming.

---0h,no. We mustn't cross the street______ the traffic lights are green.

A. after

B. since

C.while

D. until

2. I will never forget that terrible accident ______ it happened so long ago.

A. only if B even though C. only when D. ever since

3. You won't pass your exams ______ you work harder.

A. when

B. if

C.unless

D. after

4. He met many problems________he was going over his lessons

A. before

B. as soon as

C.since

D. while

5. Hurry up, Jack. We have to get to the station before 11: 45______ we can catch the 12:00 train.

A.since

B.after

C.as soon as

D.so that

6. I tried to call you_________I heard from him, but you were not in.

A. since

B. while

C.until

D. as soon as

7. I was late for class yesterday________there was something wrong with my bike.

A. when

B.that

C. until

D. because

8. ________they are brothers, they don't look like each other at all.

A. Because

B. Though

C. When

D. As

9. ---this dress was last year’s style.

---I think it still looks perfect______it has gone out this year.

A.so that

B.even though

C.as if

D.ever since

10. She bought a digital camera online______she saved a lot of money.

A.so that

B.as soon as

C.no matter

D.such that

11.Yesterday I was just to go out______someone telephoned me.

A.when

B.while

C.as

D.that

中考研究---连词练习题

一基本型

根据A句完成B句,使两句意思一致,每空只填一词:

1. A: Jane is a singer. She is also a dancer.

B: Jane is ______ ______ a singer ______ ______ a dancer.

2. A: We should learn from books and we should learn from teachers.

B: We should learn ______ from books ______ from teachers.

3. A: His mother can’t help him with his lessons, and his father can’t, either. B: ______ his mother ______ his father can help him with his lessons.

4. A: It’s hard work, but I enjoy it.

B: ______ it’s hard work, I enjoy it.

5. A: Men can’t live without air and water.

B: Men will die without air ______ water.

6. A: If you stand higher, you will see farther.

B: Stand higher, ______ you will see farther.

7. A: If you don’t work harder, you will fail in the exam.

B: Work harder, ______ you won’t pass the exam.

8. A: How important the meeting is! I can’t miss it.

B: It is ______ ____ important meeting ______ I can’t miss it.

9. A: After the mother came back, the boy went to bed.

B: The boy ______ go to bed ______ his mother came back.

10. A: There’re many rabbits there. They can’t kill them all.

B: There’re ______ many rabbits there ______ they can’t kill them all. 11. A: When I get there, I’ll go to see him at once.

B: I’ll go to see him ______ ______ ______ I get there.

12. A: You may stay at home. You may also go out with us.(江西

B: You may ______ stay at home ______ go out with us.

13. A: Mary is the tallest girl in her class.(1999福州)

B: Mary is ______ ______ any other girl in her class.

14. A: Peter draws well. Henry draws well, too.(1999广西)

B: Henry draws ______ ______ ______ Peter.

15. A: Mary runs faster than my sister.(1999兰州)

B: My sister doesn’t run ______ ______ ______ Mary does.

16. A: Uncle Wang finished his work. He went home.

B: Uncle Wang ______ go home ______ he finished his work.

17. A: Lucy has been away from the USA for 5 years.(内蒙古

B: It’s 5 years ______ she ______ the USA.

18. A: “Does the girl need any help?”he asked me.(甘肃)

B: He asked me ______ the girl ______ some help.

19. A: Mrs. Smith is my teacher. She is also my good friend.

B: Mrs. Smith is ______ ______ my teacher ______ ______ my good friend.

20. A: ―Nanjing has changed a lot these years.‖ ―That’s right.‖

B: ―Nanjing has changed a lot these years.‖ ―______ it ______.‖

二提高型

1. They didn’t start the work ____ their teacher came back.

A. until

B. while

C. as soon as

D. if

2. The dictionary cost me too much, ____ it’s really u seful.

A. and

B. so

C. but

D. or

3. –Carl, are you interested in swimming?-Yes, ____ I’m not good at it at all.

A. so

B. and

C. or

D. but

4. You’ll be late ____ you don’t get up early tomorr ow morning.

A. if

B. when

C. before

D. until

5. I’d like to change this pair of trousers, ____ give me my money back. (99杭州)

A. so

B. or

C.but

D. and

6. Alice wanted to know ____ her grandmother liked the bag.

A. that

B. if

C. which

D. what

7. Mr John has worked in that small town ____ he left Canada in 1998. (98山西)

A. when

B. after

C. for

D. since

8. That was our first lesson, ____ s he didn’t know all our names.

A. for

B. but

C. so

D. or

9. ____ Saturday ____ Sunday is OK. I’ll be free in these two days.

A. Either; or

B. Neither; nor

C. Both; and

D. One; the other

10.Please come ____ have dinner with us.(1998天津)

A. or

B. but

C. and

D. so

11. He is listening to the music ____ he is washing clothes. (广西

A. after

B. before

C. that

D.while

12. ____ there are too many people here, ____ we have to find another house.

A. Because; so

B. Though; but

C. Since; /

D. /; if

13. Li Lei said ____ he could finish his homework before six o’clock.

A. if

B. what

C. that

D. when

14. Can you tell me ____ the nearest hospital is?

A. what

B. how

C. whether

D. where

15. This TV set is too dear, ____ it gives you a better picture.

A. or

B. and

C. if

D. though

16. Don’t drink too much tea in the evening, ____ you won’t fall asleep. (大连)

A. and

B. so

C. or

D. but

17. ____ he is very young, ____ he knows several language.(江西)

A Though; but B. Because; so C. Though; / D. Because; /

18. Go down the street ____ you see the third crossing. (内蒙

A. though

B. since

C. until

D. while

19. He was ____ tired ____ he couldn’t go on working. (河北)

A. too; to

B. such; that

C. so; that

D. too; that

20. You’d better take this book. It is very good ____ it’s a bit expensive. (2000安徽)

A. though

B. and

C. but

D. so

三综合型

1. ____ he is very young, ____ he knows a lot about science.

A. Though; but

B. Because; so

C. Though; /

D. When; and

2. She was ____ we all like her.

A. such a good singer

B. such a good singer that

C. a very good singer that

D. so good singer that

3. I’ll give her the message ____ she comes back.

A. till

B. before

C. since

D. as soon as

4. Mo ther didn’t go to bed ____ she finished cleaning the room.

A. after

B. until

C. because

D. while

5. It is a long time ____ we met last time in Shanghai.

A. before

B. after

C.since

D. for

6. He was worried about ____ he would come to my party.

A. that

B. what

C. if

D. whether

7. Can you tell me ____ is she going to give me as a present?

A. where

B. when

C.who

D. what

8. Rose is an English girl, ____ sh e doesn’t like English food.

A. yet

B. so C for D. and

9. There is air ____ water on the moon.

A. and

B. or

C. so

D. yet

10. Tom laughed ____ the others did, ____ he didn’t understand the story.

A. like; though

B. as; though

C. like; because

D. as; as

11. It was ____ we went fishing in the open air yesterday.

A. such a nice weather

B. so nice weather that

C. such nice weather that

D. a nice weather so that

12. I didn’t hear ____ he said just now.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. it

13. They were reading ____ the lights were out.

A. as

B. When

C. While

D. until

14. The street was wet, ____ it rained last night.

A. because

B. as

C. for

D. since

15. Could you tell me ____ his father is like?

A. that

B. how

C. why

D. what

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小学语文连词成句练习题把下列词语连成句子,并加上标点。 1、①小兔②白菜③兔妈妈④带着⑤在菜园里⑥收 2、①高兴地②燕子妈妈③笑了④为什么 3、①公园里②秋天③菊花④开满了⑤各种颜色的 4、①可爱的②在天空中③小鸟④飞来飞去⑤快活地 5、①聪明的②锯③的④鲁班⑤发明⑥是 6、①世界②这么③原来④美丽⑤呀 7、①你②吃③喜欢④水果⑤吗 8、①一年四季②吃到③蔬菜④人们⑤新鲜的⑥都可以 9、①公园里②春天③桃花④开满了⑤迎春花⑥和 10、①清清的②划船③他们④小河里⑤在⑥星期天 11、在果园里阿姨苹果摘秋天 12、做游戏小朋友操场上快乐地在 13、一箱送给奶奶把早上爸爸草莓新鲜的 14、花朵天黑了夜来香张开了美丽的 15、出来了开了太阳牵牛花漂亮的火红的 16、一条长出了啦新尾巴终于小壁虎 17、提了个你为什么问题叔叔错误的 18、夜空中星星晚上珍珠满天的像无数撒在 19、诸葛亮架人桥士兵江里让站在三国时 20、有十来枝真美湖里荷花亭亭玉立的啊 21、①的②小猴③翻跟头④在⑤皮球上⑥。

第1章思考题及参考答案

第一章思考题及参考答案 1. 无多余约束几何不变体系简单组成规则间有何关系? 答:最基本的三角形规则,其间关系可用下图说明: 图a 为三刚片三铰不共线情况。图b 为III 刚片改成链杆,两刚片一铰一杆不共线情况。图c 为I 、II 刚片间的铰改成两链杆(虚铰),两刚片三杆不全部平行、不交于一点的情况。图d 为三个实铰均改成两链杆(虚铰),变成三刚片每两刚片间用一虚铰相连、三虚铰不共线的情况。图e 为将I 、III 看成二元体,减二元体所成的情况。 2.实铰与虚铰有何差别? 答:从瞬间转动效应来说,实铰和虚铰是一样的。但是实铰的转动中心是不变的,而虚铰转动中心为瞬间的链杆交点,产生转动后瞬时转动中心是要变化的,也即“铰”的位置实铰不变,虚铰要发生变化。 3.试举例说明瞬变体系不能作为结构的原因。接近瞬变的体系是否可作为结构? 答:如图所示AC 、CB 与大地三刚片由A 、B 、C 三铰彼此相连,因为三铰共线,体系瞬变。设该 体系受图示荷载P F 作用,体系C 点发生微小位移 δ,AC 、CB 分别转过微小角度α和β。微小位移 后三铰不再共线变成几何不变体系,在变形后的位置体系能平衡外荷P F ,取隔离体如图所 示,则列投影平衡方程可得 210 cos cos 0x F T T βα=?=∑,21P 0 sin sin y F T T F βα=+=∑ 由于位移δ非常小,因此cos cos 1βα≈≈,sin , sin ββαα≈≈,将此代入上式可得 21T T T ≈=,()P P F T F T βαβα +==?∞+, 由此可见,瞬变体系受荷作用后将产生巨大的内力,没有材料可以经受巨大内力而不破坏,因而瞬变体系不能作为结构。由上分析可见,虽三铰不共线,但当体系接近瞬变时,一样将产生巨大内力,因此也不能作为结构使用。 4.平面体系几何组成特征与其静力特征间关系如何? 答:无多余约束几何不变体系?静定结构(仅用平衡条件就能分析受力) 有多余约束几何不变体系?超静定结构(仅用平衡条件不能全部解决受力分析) 瞬变体系?受小的外力作用,瞬时可导致某些杆无穷大的内力 常变体系?除特定外力作用外,不能平衡 5. 系计算自由度有何作用? 答:当W >0时,可确定体系一定可变;当W <0且不可变时,可确定第4章超静定次数;W =0又不能用简单规则分析时,可用第2章零载法分析体系可变性。 6.作平面体系组成分析的基本思路、步骤如何? 答:分析的基本思路是先设法化简,找刚片看能用什么规则分析。

连词知识点总结

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17、马路种在两旁树少先队员 18、在做工工人工厂里 19、跟一块儿毛主席小朋友看戏 20、妈妈奶奶吃请苹果 21、山水画毛小波太美了的 22小蝌蚪游来游去湖水里在清清的快活地 23、小朋友喜欢各国大熊猫都 24、小牛小羊拔河和草地上在比

25、高兴地鸽子妈妈笑了为什么 26、敌人放牛在山坡上王二小就叫他看见带路 27、一个他是勇敢的小八路爱学习的 28、花儿的花园里真好看开得啊 29、送给做了王冬一朵我大红花 30、今天星期是几兰兰我问 31、许许多多不同的画了达芬奇鸡蛋 32、为什么那里不动啊你站在

33、婆婆一只我绿色送给蝈蝈的 34、想起让欢乐婆婆了歌声童年的我 35、小海好朋友我的是 36、常常明明给小树浇水 37、华佗古代是医生有名我国的 38、校园里小朋友跑步在 39、在家帮我奶奶常常干活 40、知道你尾巴燕子什么有吗的用 41、我要好消息把告诉这个大家

42、上课铃我们教室走进一响 43、小东好孩子是个爱劳动的 44、一起我们小花好吗玩 45、游玩天鹅和一起高兴地同伴们 46、家里一位抱回好心丑小鸭农夫的把 47、地方人们不用很远的再去也挑水了 48、割草在山坡上小白兔 49、说话蚂蚁正在小白兔跟

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