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上海市初中英语语法汇总

上海市初中英语语法汇总
上海市初中英语语法汇总

Chapter1词类和词类转换

1.1词的分类

n. pron. adj. num. v. adv. art. prep. conj. interj.

1.2词类转换

1.派生词(词根+词缀)

2.兼类词(词形不变,多个词性)

3.合成词(一般由两个或两个以上的词合成)

Chapter2名词

2.1名词的数

1.名词复数的构成(规则变化、不规则变化)

2.惯用单数或复数的名词

如sports meet,take notes等

2.2可数名词与不可数名词

1.可数名词量的表示

基数词+可数名词,如twenty cups;

可数名词可与(a)few,many,a large/small number of,some等连用表示不定数量。

2.以复数形式出现的名词量的表示

如a pair of shoes.

3.不可数名词量的表示

如a piece of news.

2.3能兼用作可数与不可数名词的物质名词

如sheep,ice cream等.

2.4同一名词用作可数与不可数名词时的意义差别

如change(零钱、变化).

2.5名词所有格

1.名词所有格的构成

2.- ’s所有格的主要用法

3.of结构表示的所有关系

Of+名词,如the end of the term.

4.双重所有格

Of+名词所有格,如a friend of Mr.White’s =one of Mr. White’s friends.

Chapter3代词

3.1人称代词

1.人称代词主格与宾格形式

2.人称代词的用法

3.it的用法

(1)it作代词代替上文中提到的无生命的事物或幼儿、动物。(2)作“这、那”解,指心目中的人。

(3)作无人称动词的主语,表示时间、天气和距离。

(4)作先行词,引导非谓语动词如动词不定式。

3.2物主代词

1.物主代词形式

物主代词分为形容词性和名词性。

2.物主代词的用法

3.3反身代词

1.反身代词形式

2.反身代词的用法

3.4指示代词 1.指示代词的形式

2.指示代词的用法

3.5相互代词

each other, one another 3.6疑问代词 1.who ,what 2.who ,which 3.what ,which

4.whose

5.whom

3.7不定代词

1.one(s)

2.some,any

3.something,anything,nothing,everything

4.someone/-body;anyone/-body;no one/-body;everyone/-body

5.anyone/anybody,any(one)of

6.on one/nobody,none,nothing

7.everyone/everybody,every (one) of,each(one)of

8.one,everyone

9.both,all

10.either,any

11.neither,none

12.another,other(s)

13.(a)few,(a)little

14.many,much

15.most

3.8代词与其他词类的搭配

1.不定代词用作形容词与其他词类的搭配

(1)all/both+the或物主代词。

(2)some/any/many+other+名词。

2.代词用于表示时间

All,another,one,other,this/that,these/those

Chapter4冠词

4.1冠词的分类

a(an),the.

4.2不定冠词的用法

1.类别的表示

2.数量的表示

3.度量的表示

4.不定冠词惯用法

4.3定冠词的用法

1.特指

2.情景所指

3.前指

4.表示独一无二意义的名词

5.表示方位

6.形容词最高级

7.表示序列

8.表示自然现象

9.only/same+名词

10.定冠词惯用法

4.4不用冠词的情况

1.表示交通工具

2.表示一日三餐

3.表示季节

4.表示体育运动和乐器

5.个体名词表示抽象意义

6.表示学科

7.表示称呼

8.不用冠词的惯用语

4.5时间表示中冠词的使用

4.6专有名词前冠词的使用

Chapter5数词

5.1数词的分类和构成 1.1-12

2.13-19

3.20-99

4.100-1,000,000

5.2分数词

5.3half的用法

5.4不定数量的表示5.5大约数的表示5.6数词的表示

5.7年龄的表示

Chapter6形容词和副词6.1用作表语的形容词

6.2用作定语的形容词

6.3形容词的主动意义和被动意义

6.4常用副词用法讨论

1.ago,before

2.just,just now

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e27920040.html,te,later (on)

4.already,yet,still

5.ever

6.almost,nearly

7.so

8.too

9.very,very much

10.somewhere,anywhere

6.5 -ly结尾的副词

6.6 else

6.7疑问副词

1.how,when,where,why

2.how+形容词构成的疑问词

3.how+副词构成的疑问词

4.how与what的某些用法区别

6.8形容词和副词比较级和最高级

1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成(1)形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成-er,-est形式:

more,most 形式:

(2)副词比较级和最高级的规则变化

(3)形容词和副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化

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