选词填空和阅读步骤技巧117

选词填空和阅读步骤技巧117

选词填空特点：

1. 近义词辨析不多，

2. 固定搭配不多

3. 词性辨析比较容易

选词填空难点：

1. 词性可能会变。

2. 错一题，可能会错两题。

选词填空与完型填空的异同：

相同点：都要上下文做题

不同点：选词填空要先判断词性，而完型填空不用判断词性，4个待选项词性基本一致。

一、根据其题型特点，考生要做到：

1. 掌握词汇、语法、阅读等基础知识，并具有较强的语言综合运用能力。

2. 具备一定的词汇运用能力。

大学英语教学要求学生具有识别生词和辨析词义的能力，要求学生能够辨析意义相近的词、用法相近的词。所以该题的干扰项往往会以同义词、近义词、反义词或形近异义词的形式出现。固定搭配以动词、形容词、副词、介词构成的居多，在选词填空中，主要以副词和介词为考点。这要求考生在平时的英语学习中，搭配和习惯用法，重视对结构和语法的掌握。

3. 具备语境逻辑判断能力。

选词填空的一个主要方面是考查学生对某一段落或者某几个句子之间的逻辑关系的判断和把握，尤其是对句与句之间的逻辑关系的理解。这要求考生熟记表示列举、原因、结果、让步、递进、转折、对照、补充、时间、目的、条件等不同逻辑关系的连接词。

二、解题步骤：

1. 跳读全文，把握大意。细读首句，抓住中心。

考生首先应快速通读全文，了解文章的中心思想，通过对文章的分析，把握文章的背景、主题，结合每段的首句和末句，把握文章的结构。要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让读者知道本文的相关主题词或主题。

2. 阅读选项，词性分类。

要“先题后文再定位”，但这里“先题”不是要找关键词，而是要先对15个选项“辨性” 。

仔细阅读选项，根据词性把每个单词进行分类归纳。如名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词各有几个选项。动词归类要细分为v，v+ed, v+ing。因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是ing形式要自己根据语法判断。

3. 前后结合，寻找线索。

注意空格前后的结构和搭配，选择词性、单复数、时态和意

义均符合文章上下文要求的词填入空格处，特别要注意"瞻前

顾后"，保持文章前后通顺、流畅。同时在做题过程中可用排

除法逐渐减少备选词汇。如果均能说得通时，要注意近义辨析。或留到最后，等范围缩小到最小时再轻松收尾。即传统阅读所说的，首遍不行无所谓，文章看完再收尾。

4. 重读全文，查漏补缺，核实答案。

选择完成后，考生必须将所选单词带入原文进行复读，确认上下文衔接与否并核实答案。值得一提的是，如果考生觉得整，只能进行谨慎微调，切忌将自己已做出的选择全部推翻重选，那样做题效率会大大降低。

三、解题技巧：

1）首先要辨性（辨别词性）

a. 不认识的单词看词缀（见后面附表）

b. 认识的单词要注意词性的单一性和多样性

比如：must，most均可做名词do the most you can

c. 动词归类要细分为v，ved, ving。因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是ing 形式要自己根据语法判断。甚至动词分词形式还可以做定语。

2）一个单词有多个词性时，要在不同分类中都标出。

3）如果选项中出现一组近义词或反义词时，往往有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解，要求考生分析清楚其细微的区别。

4）如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性：

①动词：

a）前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）。

b) 一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词

c）一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。

②名词：

a. 名词主要做主语、宾语。

b. 形容词或名词都可以修饰名词

例：The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe ___49___ thunderstorms.（49可能是形容词，也可能是名词修饰

thunderstorms）

c. 限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词

d. 谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语

e. 介词后面必有名词

③. 副词修饰形容词或动词

My English teacher advised me to clearly remember this very useful sentence.

模拟练习：

We call it the "common cold" for good reason. There are over one billion colds in the United States each year. You and your children will probably have more colds than any other type of 1 . Children average three to eight colds per year. They continue getting them 2 childhood. Parents often get them from the kids. Colds are the most common reason that children 3 school and parents miss work.

Children usually get colds from other children. When a new 4 is introduced into a school or day 5 , it quickly travels through the class.

Colds can 6 year-round, but they occur mostly in the winter (even in areas with mild winters). In areas where there is no winter, colds are most 7 during the rainy season.

When someone has a cold, his runny nose is teeming with (充满) cold 8 . Sneezing, nose-blowing, and nose-wiping spread the virus. You can 9 a cold by inhaling（吸入）the virus if you are sitting who sneezes, or by 10 your nose, eyes, or mouth after you have touched something contaminated (污染的) by the virus.

People are most contagious (会感染的) for the first 2 to 3 days of a cold, and usually not contagious at all by day 7 to 10.

A) care I) catch

B) throughout J) moving

C) touching K) strain

D) occur L) illness

E) abuse M) miss

F) sensation N) common

G) tension O) by

H) viruses

浏览全文，我们了解到本文前两段主要讲述人们可能患感冒，感冒会影响人们的正常生活；第三段主要讲感冒发生的季节和气候环境；第四段主要讲感冒传播的途径。

1. L)。此处需要一个名词。感冒也是一种病，这里指的是你和你的小孩患感冒的几率比其他任何一种病的几率都大，故选illness。

2. B)。此处需要一个介词。因为所接的词"childhood"是一个时间段概念，在这个持续性的时间里，感冒也经常发生。

3. M)。此处需要一个动词。感冒是导致学生不能正常上学的普遍原因，"miss school"表示耽误学业。

4. K)。此处需要一个名词。"strain"的意思之一为"(疾病的)类型"，而备选答案中的"tension"只表示"紧张，不安"。

5. A)。此处需要一个名词。"day care"意思为（托儿所的）日托，正好符合上下文的意思。

6. D)。此处需要一个动词。"occur"表示"出现，发生"，而且后文说在冬天，感冒的情况出现得更加频繁，进一步确定了答案应该是"occur"。

7. N)。此处需要一个形容词。在没有冬季的地区，雨季是感冒的高发期。

8. H)。此处需要一个名词。当，他不停流鼻涕的鼻子中肯定充满了病毒。

9. I)。此处需要一个动词。"catch a cold"是固定搭配，表示患感冒。

10. C)。此处需要一个动名词。当你触摸过带有病毒的东西，再触摸自己的鼻子、眼睛或嘴，就会被感染，所以选touching再合适不过了。

附录：四级常用后缀

1. 名词后缀

1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor

2)-acy, 表示“性质，状态，境遇” democracy, accuracy, diplomacy

3)-ance, -ence表示“性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience

4)-ancy, -ency, 表示“性质，状态，行为，过程” frequency, urgency, efficiency,

5)-bility, 表示“动作，性质，状态” possibility, flexibility, feasibility,

6)-dom, 表示“等级，领域，状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom

7)-hood, 表示"资格，身份, 年纪，状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood

8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示“行为的过程，结果，状况” action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction

9)-ism, 表示“制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为” socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism

10)-ity, 表示“性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity

11)-ment, 表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果” treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument

12)-ness, 表示“性质，状态，程度” goodness, kindness, t iredness, friendliness

13)-ship, 表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship

14)-th, 表示“动作，性质，过程，状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth

15)-tude, 表示“性质，状态，程度” latitude, altitude(海拔)

16)-ure, 表示“行为，结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，

17-grapy, 表示“……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography

18)-ic, ics, 表示“……学……法” logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics

19)-ology, 表示“……学……论”biology, zoology, technology (工艺学)

20)-nomy, 表示“……学……术” astronomy, economy, bionomy (生态学)

2. 形容词后缀

(1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义

1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible

2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish (注意accomplish, vanish是动词)

3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive

4)-like, manlike, childlike

5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly

6)-some, troublesome, handsome

7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful

8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various

9)-ent, violent

10)-most, foremost, topmost

(11)less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless

3. 动词后缀

1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成，变成，……化”modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize

2)-en, 表示“使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden

3)-fy, 表示“使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify

4)-ish, 表示“使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish

5)-ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate

4. 副词后缀

(形容词)-ly：bad→badly坏地/恶劣地，careful→carefully小心地

-wise：clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地)；like→likewise同样地

-wards：out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地

常用前缀

aero-：concerning the air of aircraft

plane—aeroplane

space—aerospace

anti-：against；opposite of

nuclear—antinuclear

matter—antimatter

war—antiwar

auto-：of or by oneself

biography—autobiography

criticism—autocriticism

be-：to treat as the stated thing friend—befriend

little—belittle

bi-：two；twice；double lingual—bilingual

cycle—bicycle

bio-：concerning living things chemistry—biochemistry sphere—biosphere

by-，bye-：less important

produce—by-produce

way—byway

centi-：hundredth part

grade—centigrade

meter—centimeter

co-：together，with

author—coauthor

exist—coexist

col-：( used before l ) together，with location—collocation

com-：( used before b，m，p ) together，with passion—compassion

con-：together，with

centric—concentric federation—confederation

contra-：opposite

diction—contradiction natural—contranatural

cor-：( used before r ) together，with relate—correlate

respond—correspond

counter-：opposite

act—counteract

attack—counterattack

cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining them country—crosscountry

breed—crossbreed

de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reduce code—decode

value—devalue

dis-：not；the opposite of

advantage—disadvantage

agree—disagree

honest—dishonest

em-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to become body—embody

power—empower

en-：to cause to become；to make

danger—endanger

large—enlarge

ex-：former ( and still living )

minister—ex-minister

wife—ex-wife

extra-：outside；beyond

curricular—extracurricular

ordinary—extraordinary

fore-：in advance，before；in or at the front

arm—forearm

warn—forewarn

il-：( used before l ) not

legal—illegal

literate—illiterate

im-：( used before b，m，p ) not

moral—immoral

possible—impossible

in-：not

direct—indirect

sensitive—insensitive

infra-：below in a range；beyond

red—infrared

structure——infrastructure

inter-：between；among

change——interchange

national——international

intra-：inside，within；into

city——intracity

department——intra-department

ir-：（used before r）not

regular——irregular

responsible——irresponsible

kilo-：thousand

gram——kilogram

meter——kilometer

macro-：large，esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of economics——macroeconomics structure——macrostructure

mal-：bad or badly

function——malfunction

treat——maltreat

micro-：extremely small computer——microcomputer electronics——microelectronics

mid-：middle

day——midday

night——midnight

mini-：small；short

bus——minibus

skirt——miniskirt

mis-：bad or badly；wrong or wrongly fortune——misfortune understand——misunderstand

mono-：one；single plane——monoplane tone——monotone

multi-：more than one；many purpose——multipurpose national——multinational

non-：not

resident——non(-)resident sense——nonsense

out-：outside；beyond live——outlive

door——outdoor

over-：too much；above；additional head——overhead time——overtime

poly-：many centric——polycentric syllabic——polysyllabic

post-：later than；after graduate——postgraduate war——postwar

pre-：before；in advance pay——prepay

war——prewar

pro-：in favor of，supporting America——pro-America abortion——pro-abortion

pseudo-：not real；false name——pseudonym

science——pseudoscience

re-：again；back to the former state

unite——reunite

use——reuse

self-：by means of oneself or itself；of，to，with，for，or in oneself or itself

employed——self-employed

taught——self-taught

semi-：half；partly

circle——semicircle

final——semifinal

step-：not by birth but through a parent who has remarried mother——stepmother

children——stepchildren

sub-：under，below；less important；part of the stated bigger whole

divide——subdivide

section——subsection

super-：more，larger，greater than usual market——supermarket

natural——supernatural

tele-：at or over a long distance；by or for television communication——telecommunication screen——telescreen

therm(o)-：concerning heat chemistry——thermochemistry

meter——thermometer

trans-: across, on or to the other side of ; between Atlantic—transatlantic

plant—transplant

tri-: three; three times

angular—triangular

cycle—tricycle

ultra-: beyond; very, extremely modern—ultramodern sound—ultrasound

un-: not certain—uncertain fortunate—unfortunate

under-: too little; below develop—underdevelop sea—undersea

uni-: one, singer form—uniform directional—unidirectional

vice-: next in the rank; below chairman—vice-chairman president—vice-president

大学英语四级阅读选词填空模拟题答案解析

第一篇 Climate change has claimed its latest victim：Limacina helicina，a planktonic，predatory(捕食的)sea snail that's a member of the taxonomic group more(36)__________ known as sea butterflies．(The name is(37)__________ from the wing-like lobes(叶瓣)the tiny creatures use to get around．)In a study(38)__________ published in joumal Proceedings of the Royal Society B，a group of scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)and Oregon State University have found that the Pacific Ocean's decreasing pH—its acidifying(酸化)，in other words-is dissolving L．helicina's thin shells． The researchers collected sea butterfly(39)__________ from 13 sites along the Pacific coast(between Washington and southern California，going over each with a scanning electron microscope．More than half of the shells(53％)from onshore individuals(40)__________ signs of “severe dissolution damage，”while 24％of(41) __________ individuals suffered dissolution damage．The study's(42)__________ investigator, Dr. Nina Bednarsek of NOAA，described the affected L．helicina shells as having a texture not unlike “cauliflower” or “sandpaper．” According to the paper，there was a “strong positive(43)__________ ”between the proportion of sea butterflies with severe shell dissolution damage and “the percentage of undersaturated(未达到饱和的)water ” near the ocean's surface．The researchers conclude “shell dissolution owing to(human．caused ocean(44)_________has doubled in near shore habitats since pre．industrial conditions across this region and is on track to triple by 2050，”a truly(45)__________ prediction．Moreover, the broader implications for ecosystem are unclear, as damaged shells make it harder for L．helicina to fight infections，stay buoyant，and protect themselves from predators． I. noticed A. showed J. correlation B. recently K. encouraging? C. protected L. seaward D. commonly M. acidification E. derived N. grim F. samples O. pollution G. offshore H. principal 词性归类 答案解析

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