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英语:必修5 Unit2 The United Kingdom知识点剖析(人教新课标)

英语:必修5 Unit2 The United Kingdom知识点剖析(人教新课标)
英语:必修5 Unit2 The United Kingdom知识点剖析(人教新课标)

Unit 2 The United Kingdom (知识点剖析)

(一)单词·巧记·典句·考点

1.consist [kn′sIst] vi. 组成;一致

【巧记提示】consist(一致)→insist(强调),一致强调。

【经典例句】The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

联合王国包括大不列颠与北爱尔兰。

【考点聚焦】固定搭配:consist of(由……组成),其近义词(组)为include;be made up of,如: His job consists of (is made up of/includes)helping old people who live alone.

他的工作包括帮助独居的老人。

2.puzzle [′p zl]n.&vt. 难题,谜;使迷惑

【巧记提示】谐音为“怕做”,因为是难题所以怕做。

【经典例句】 n. The meaning of the poem has always been a puzzle.

这首诗的意思一直是个谜。

v. This letter p uzzles me.

这封信使我迷惑不解。

【考点聚焦】1)puzzle可用作名词或动词,作名词时,意为“难题;谜;测验能力的问题(或玩具)”,可喻为“复杂难懂的事物”。

2)同根词:puzzled adj. 表示自己感到迷惑,如:

There was a puzzled expression on his face.

他的脸上露出迷惑不解的表情。

puzzling adj. 表示令人感到迷惑,如:

His answer is puzzling.

他的回答令人迷惑。

3.debate [dI′beIt] vi.&n. 辩论;讨论

【巧记提示】de-(否定;减少)+be+-ate(做act in a specified way)

【经典例句】 n. After much debate,we decided to move to Beijing.

我们经过充分讨论后决定迁往北京。

v. They d ebated about the proposal for three days.

他们为那项计划争论了三天。

【考点聚焦】辨析debate和argue:

debate指各自陈述理由,强调公正、公开,气氛较为激烈;

argue意为“说理;争论”,通常指提出理由来支持自己的观点,并企图说服别人,着重使用

说理的方式来论证主张。

4.clarify [′kl?rIfaI] vt. 澄清;阐明

【巧记提示】clar(明亮的;清楚的)+ ify(使得;变成)

【经典例句】I’ll clarify my stand at a proper time.

我将在合适的时候澄清我的立场。

【考点聚焦】同根词:clarified adj. 纯净的

如:clarified water 纯净水;clarified butter 纯黄油

5.relation [rI′leIn] n. 关系;联系

【巧记提示】relate(使联系)去e+-ion(名词后缀)

【经典例句】Relations between the two countries have improved recently.

两国的关系最近有所改善。

【考点聚焦】辨析relation和relationship:

relation 多指国家之间、公司或企业之间的正式关系;

relationship 是指人与人之间的关系。如:

Canada and Britain have established diplomatic relations with North Korea.

加拿大和英国与朝鲜建立了外交关系。

I have quite a good relationship with my parents.

我和我父母的关系非常好。

6.legal [′li:ɡl] adj. 法律的;合法的

【巧记提示】leg(词根,表示“诉讼、法规”)+ -al(形容词后缀,“……的;关于……的”)

【经典例句】What the company has done is perfectly legal.

那个公司所做的事情绝对合法。

【考点聚焦】1)反义词:illegal (not allowed by the law)

2)同根词:legislation n. 法律;法规;legislative adj. 立法的;legislature n. 立法机关

7.convenience [k n′vi:nIns] n. 方便;便利

【巧记提示】convenient(方便的)+ 去t + -ence (名词后缀)

【经典例句】I kept my reference book near my desk for convenience.

我把参考书放在书桌旁用着方便。

【考点聚焦】1)固定搭配:at one’s convenience 在……方便时

2)同根词:convenient adj. 便利的;方便的,如:

Our house is convenient for the hospital.

我们家到医院很方便。

3)convenience意为“便利”时,为不可数名词;意为“有用的安排”时为可数 名词。

8.attraction [′tr?kn]n. 吸引;吸引力

【巧记提示】attract(动词“吸引”)+ ion(名词后缀)

【经典例句】To be honest,I can’t tell what the attraction of this building is.

老实讲,我说不出这座建筑物有何诱人之处。

【考点聚焦】1)用作可数名词,作“诱人之处;吸引人的地方(东西)”解。如:

The attractions of this city are quite a few,like its theme park,World Trade Centre,the Huge

Open-air Water-screen Film,the Sunday Parade of Citizens,and so on.

这个城市吸引人的地方很多,像主题公园、世贸中心(大厦)、巨型露天水幕电影、市民星

期日的游行等。

2)作不可数名词,意为“魅力”。如:

She has no attraction for me,if you really want to ask me.

如果你真要我说的话,她对我没有吸引力。

9.construct [k n′str kt] vt. 建设;建造

【巧记提示】con (“一齐;完全”,用在C,D,F,G,J,N,S,T,V等字母前)+struct建筑;

【经典例句】They’re planning to construct a new supermarket in our neighborhood.

他们正在计划在我们社区兴建一个新的超级市场。

【考点聚焦】1)固定搭配:be under construction 正在建设中。

2)同根词:construction n. 建筑;解释;造句;constructive adj. 建设性的,其反义

词:destructive。

10.influence [′Infl ns] n. 影响,有影响的人(或事) vt. 影响,改变

【巧记提示】in-(使……;加强)+flu(感冒)+-ence(名词后缀)

【经典例句】 n. My teacher’s influence made me study science at college.

受我的老师影响,我上大学学了理科。

v. The weather influences crops.

天气影响农作物。

【考点聚焦】固定搭配:have/has an influence on...对……有影响,如:

My parents considered my friends have a bad influence on me.

我父母认为我朋友对我有不良影响。

11. arrange [′reInd] vt. 安排;整理

【巧记提示】ar-(ad-的一种形式,“加强;添加”)+range(排列;分类;范围)

【经典例句】Her parents arranged a big party for her twentieth birthday.

她父母为她的20岁生日安排了一个大型派对。

【考点聚焦】固定搭配:arrange for 安排,如:

The meeting was arranged for the next week.

那场会议被安排在了下星期。

12. available [′veIlbl] adj. 可以得到的;可利用的;有效的

【巧记提示】avail(有用;效用;利益)+ -able(形容词后缀),表示“能……的,可以……的”

【经典例句】Tickets are available from the box office.

售票处可以买到票。

【考点聚焦】available还可以意为“可见客的;有用的;有资格的”等。如:

She is not available.她没空。(她有男朋友了。)

He is not available for the job.

他不适宜做这个工作。

13. delight [dI′laIt] n. 快乐;高兴 vt. 使高兴

【巧记提示】de-(完全)+ light (轻松的;愉快的)

【经典例句】 n. The kids were screaming with delight.

孩子们在高兴地欢呼。

vt. The food will d elight anyone who loves chocolate.

这种食品将会使所有喜欢巧克力的人感到高兴。

【考点聚焦】固定搭配:to somebody’s delight/to the delight of sb.令某人高兴的是……,如:To the delight of his parents, he has made a full recovery.

令他父母高兴的是他已经完全恢复了。

14. thrill [θril] vt. 使激动;使胆战心惊

【巧记提示】thr(谐音“死”)+ ill(生病的),病得快死了,使(人)胆战心惊。 【经典例句】His music thrills the audience.

他的音乐令观众激动。

【考点聚焦】同根词:thrilling adj. 令人激动的(interesting and exciting),如: His music is thrilling.

他的音乐令人激动。

thrilled adj. 感到激动的(very excited, happy, and pleased),如:

I’m absolutely thrilled that you are coming.

知道你要来我太感动了。

15. unfair [n′fe] a dj. 不公平的;违反规则的

【巧记提示】un-(否定前缀,表示“不”)+fair(公平的)

【经典例句】We should prevent unfair competition.

我们应该防止不公平的竞争。

【考点聚焦】固定搭配:be unfair of 不公平,如:

It’s unfair of you to criticize him for things he cannot help.

批评那些他也无可奈何的事不公平。

(二)短语·巧记·典句·考点

1. break away(from) 挣脱

【经典例句】The American southern states wanted to break away from the Union.

美国南方各州想脱离联邦。

【考点聚焦】

我的记忆卡

2. divide into 分开

【巧记提示】divide (分) + into(成)

【经典例句】The students in the class were divided into four groups before they started the game.

在开始做游戏前,这个班的学生被分为了四组。

【考点聚焦】易混词组:separate...from...意为“使分开;使分离;分手”,指把原来结合在一起或混杂的东西分开,被分开的东西没有任何统一性,有时含有用暴力强行分开之意。如:

England is separated from France by the English Channel.

英国和法国被英吉利海峡分开。

3. be known as 被称作;被认为

【巧记提示】be + known (know的过去分词)+as(当作)

【经典例句】He is known as a fair judge.

他被认为是一位公正的法官。

【考点聚焦】相关词组:

be known as 以……而知名、著称;

be known by根据(按照) ……得知(较少用);

be known for 因……而众所周知;

be known to则意为“为……所知”,指某个地方或某一范围的人知道。如:

A man is known by the company he keeps.

看其交友可知其人。

She was well-known as an excellent dancer.

她作为一名优秀的舞蹈家而闻名。

He’s known for his readiness to help others.

他乐于助人是非常闻名的。

He’s known to the police as a thief.

警察都知道他是个小偷。

4. make ... worthwhile 使……有价值

【巧记提示】make (使) + worthwhile(有价值)

【经典例句】He did everything to make the trip worthwhile.

他做了很多事情使这次旅行很值得。

【考点聚焦】相关词组:be worthwhile to do sth.做……有价值,如:

It is worthwhile to buy the dictionary.

买这本字典很值。

(三)句子·剖析·拓展

1. To their surprise,the three countries found themselves united peacefully instead of by war.

令他们奇怪的是,这三个国家发现他们非常团结,相处融洽,没有发生战争。

【剖析】1)整个句子是一个简单句。

2)to their surprise是插入语结构,在句首起补充说明作用。

3)“find oneself+宾补”表示“(不知不觉中)发现自己处于某种境地”。又如:

She returned to England to find herself famous.

她回到英国发现自己竟出名了。

【拓展】find的其他用法:

I found the book very instructive.

=I found the book to be very instructive.

=I found that the book was very instructive.

我发觉这本书非常有教育意义。

You will find him difficult to get along with.

=You will find that he is difficult to get along with.

=You will find it difficult to get along with him.

你会发现他很难相处。

2. Although the four countries do work together in some areas,they are still very different.

虽然这四个国家确实在某些领域合作,但它们仍然非常不同。

【剖析】1)本句是复合句,although 引导让步状语从句。

2)状语从句中do work 为强调结构。强调谓语动词时,在动词原形前加do,does或did。如:

Do be careful!千万要小心!

He did have a good time last night.

他昨天晚上的确玩得很开心。

【拓展】注意:do的这种用法只用于肯定句,且只有现在时和过去时两种时态。如:

I do hope you have a merry Christmas!

衷心祝你圣诞快乐!

He did read the letter just now.

他刚才的确读过那封信。

3. It looked splendid when first built.

刚建起来的时候很辉煌。

【剖析】1)本句是一个复合句,when引导时间状语从句。

2)When first built是When it was first built的省略形式。

【拓展】状语从句中,若从句的主语和主句的主语一致,同时谓语含有系动词be或从句为:it is 结构时,往往省去该从句的主语和be动词。如:

Be careful when(you are)crossing the street.

过街时要当心。

Turn to him for help if (it is)necessary.

如果有必要可求助于他。

4. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone.

可悲的是图书馆从原来的位置搬迁到了另外一个地方,那个老阅览室不复存在了。

【剖析】1)本句是一个并列句,并列连词and前后各为一个独立的分句。

2)sadly是副词,放在句首修饰整个句子。这是一种较常见的语法现象。如:

Personally,I believe you are right.

我个人认为你是对的。

3)此句中gone为形容词,表示“不在了”。

【拓展】用作形容词时gone还有“过去了的;不见了的;已死的;用光了的”等意思,如:Summer is gone.

夏天已经过去了。

All my hope is gone.

我的所有希望都破灭了。

语法·剖析

英语中,过去分词可以用作宾语补足语。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是

过去分词动作的对象。如:

She found the door broken in when she came back.

她回来时发现有人破门而入。

(此句中过去分词作宾语补足语,与宾语door之间具有被动关系,表示一种状态。)

为了使同学们对过去分词作宾语补足语的用法有一个系统而又具体的认识,本文对以下几种用法进行分析并加以概括,以利于大家掌握。

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