视频算法工程 视频编解码相关算法及算法移植和优化

An FPGA implementation of HW/SW codesign architecture for H.263 video coding? Electronics and Communications

In this paper, we present an efficient HW/SW codesign architecture for H.263 video encoder and its FPGA implementation. Each module of the encoder is investigated to find which approach between HW and SW is better to achieve real-time processing speed as well as flexibility. The hardware portions include the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), inverse DCT (IDCT), quantization (Q) and inverse quantization (IQ). Remaining parts were realized in software executed by the NIOS II softcore processor. This paper also introduces efficient design methods for HW and SW modules. In hardware, an efficient architecture for the 2-D DCT/IDCT is suggested to reduce the chip size.

A NIOS II Custom instruction logic is used to implement Q/IQ. Software optimization technique is also explored by using the fast block-matching algorithm for motion estimation (ME). The whole design is described in VHDL language, verified in simulations and implemented in Stratix II EP2S60 FPGA. Finally, the encoder has been tested on the Altera NIOS II development board and can work up to 120?MHz. Implementation results show that when HW/SW codesign is used, a 15.8-16.5 times improvement in coding speed is obtained compared to the software based solution. Article Outline

1. Introduction

2. Baseline H.263 video coding

2.1. Picture format and organization

2.2. Overview of the H.263 video coding standard

2.2.1. Motion estimation and compensation

2.2.2. DCT transform

2.2.

3. Quantization

2.2.4. Entropy coding

3. The HW/SW codesign platform

3.1. FPGA platform

3.2. The NIOS II development board – the HW/SW platform

3.2.1. NIOS II CPU

3.2.2. NIOS II custom instruction logic

3.3. The HW/SW codesign process

3.4. Using embedded Linux with codesign

4. Timing optimization of the H.263 encoder

4.1. Timing optimization

4.2. Hardware/software partioning

4.2.1. Optimization in motion estimation

4.2.2. Optimization in DCT and IDCT

4.2.3. Optimization in quantization and inverse quantization

5. Design environment and FPGA implementation of H.263 coder

5.1. Overview of the STRATIX II FPGA architecture

5.2. FPGA implementation of H.263 video coder

5.2.1. System environment

5.2.2. 2-D DCT/IDCT coprocessor core

5.3. Implementation results

6. Experimental results

7. Conclusions

A real-time versatile roadway path extraction and tracking on an FPGA platform?? Computer Vision and Image Understanding

This paper presents an algorithm for roadway path extraction and tracking and its implementation in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. The implementation is particularly suitable for use as a core component of a Lane Departure Warning (LDW) system, which requires high-performance digital image processing as well as low-cost semiconductor devices, appropriate for the high volume production of the automotive market. The FPGA technology proved to be a proper platform to meet these two contrasting requirements. The proposed algorithm is specifically designed to be completely embedded in FPGA hardware to process wide VGA resolution video sequences at 30 frames per second. The main contributions of this work lie in (i) the proper selection, customization and integration of the main functions for road extraction and tracking to cope with the addressed application, and (ii) the subsequent FPGA hardware implementation as a modular architecture of specialized blocks. Experiments on real road scenario video sequences running on the FPGA device illustrate the good performance of the proposed system prototype and its ability to adapt to varying common roadway conditions, without the need for a per-installation calibration procedure.

Article Outline

1. Introduction

2. Related work

3. The proposed method

3.1. Road model

3.2. Pre-processing pipeline

3.3. Model fitting

3.3.1. K and M estimation

3.3.2. BL and BR estimation

3.4. Model tracking

4. FPGA implementation

5. Experimental results and discussion

5.1. FPGA performance

5.2. Algorithm performance

6. Conclusions

Platform-independent MB-based AVS video standard implementation??

Signal Processing: Image Communication

AVS1-P2 is the newest video standard of Audio Video coding Standard (AVS) workgroup of China, which provides close performance to H.264/AVC main profile with lower

complexity. In this paper, a platform-independent software package with macroblock-based (MB-based) architecture is proposed to facilitate AVS video standard implementation on embedded system. Compared with the frame-based architecture, which is commonly utilized for PC platform oriented video applications, the MB-based decoder performs all of the decoding processes, except the high-level syntax parsing, in a set of MB-based buffers with adequate size for saving the information of the current MB and the neighboring reference MBs to minimize the on-chip memory and to save the time consumed in on-chip/off-chip data transfer. By modifying the data flow and decoding hierarchy, simulating the data transfer between the on-chip memory and the off-chip memory, and modularizing the buffer definition and management for low-level decoding kernels, the MB-based system architecture provides over 80% reduction in on-chip memory compared to the frame-based architecture when decoding 720p sequences. The storage complexity is also analyzed by referencing the performance evaluation of the MB-based decoder. The MB-based decoder implementation provides an efficient reference to facilitate development of AVS applications on embedded system. The complexity analysis provides rough storage complexity requirements for AVS video standard implementation and optimization. Article Outline

1. Introduction

2. AVS1-P2 standard overview

3. System architecture

3.1. Frame-based AVS decoder

3.2. MB-based AVS decoder

4. MB-based AVS decoder implementation

4.1. MB-based buffer update

4.2. MB-based Intra prediction

4.3. MB-based motion compensation

4.4. MB-based de-blocking filter

5. Applications and complexity analysis

5.1. Applications

5.2. Complexity analysis

6. Conclusions

Hardware/software co-design of a real-time kernel based tracking system?? Systems Architecture

The probabilistic visual tracking methods using color histograms have been proven to be robust to target model variations and background illumination changes as shown by the recent research. However, the required computational cost is high due to intensive image data processing. The embedded solution of such algorithms become challenging due to high computational power demand and algorithm complexity. This paper presents a hardware/software co-design architecture for implementation of the well-known kernel based mean shift tracking algorithm. The design uses color

histogram of the target as tracking feature. The target is searched in the consecutive images by maximizing the statistical match of the color distributions. The target localization is based on gradient based iterative search instead of exhaustive search which makes the system capable of achieving frame rate up to hundreds of frames per second while tracking multiple targets. The design, which is fully standalone, is implemented on a low-cost medium-size field programmable gate array (FPGA) device. The hardware cost of the design is compared with some other tracking systems. The performance of the system in terms of speed is evaluated and compared with the software based implementation. It is expected that the proposed solution will find its utility in applications like embedded automatic video surveillance systems.

Article Outline

1. Introduction

2. Design approach

3. Coprocessor architecture

3.1. Image decimation and cropping

3.2. Epanechnikov kernel calculation

3.3. Histogram calculation

3.4. Mean shift vector calculation

3.5. Bhattacharyya coefficient calculation

4. Hardware implementation

5. Performance evaluation

5.1. Comparison with other systems

5.2. System performance

6. Experimental results

7. Conclusion

Acknowledgements

Automated framework for partitioning DSP applications in hybrid reconfigurable platforms??

Microprocessors and Microsystems

In this paper, we present a software framework that implements a formalized methodology for partitioning Digital Signal Processing applications between reconfigurable hardware blocks of different granularity. A hybrid generic reconfigurable architecture is considered, so that the methodology is applicable to a large variety of hybrid reconfigurable systems. The developed framework is composed of analysis, partitioning, and mapping tools. Although, the framework is parametrical in respect to the mapping procedures for the fine and coarse-grain reconfigurable units, we provide specific mapping algorithms for these types of hardware. In this work, the methodology is validated using five real-world digital signal processing applications; an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmitter, a cavity detector, a video compression technique, a JPEG encoder, and a wavelet-based image compressor. The experiments report that an average clock cycles decrease of 60.7%, relative to an all fine-grain mapping solution, is achieved using the developed

framework for the considered applications.

Article Outline

1. Introduction

2. Related work

3. Partitioning methodology

3.1. Hybrid SoC platform

3.2. Methodology description

4. Framework description

4.1. CDFG creation

4.2. Analysis

4.3. Mapping to fine-grain reconfigurable hardware

4.3.1. High-level mapping phase

4.3.2. Low-level mapping phase

4.4. Mapping to coarse-grain reconfigurable hardware

4.4.1. Architecture of the coarse-grain reconfigurable data-path

4.4.2. Description of the mapping algorithm

4.5. Partitioning engine

5. Results

5.1. Experimental set-up

5.2. Experimentation

6. Conclusions

嵌入式视频播放专用优化处理器/芯片/CPU/内核技术

Algorithmic and software techniques for embedded vision on programmable processors? Signal Processing: Image Communication

In the last few years, programmable architectures centered around high-end DSP processors have emerged as the platform of choice for high-volume embedded vision applications, such as automotive safety and video surveillance. Their programmability inherently addresses the problems presented by the sheer diversity of vision algorithms. This paper provides an overview of high-impact algorithmic and software techniques for embedded vision applications implemented on programmable architectures and discusses several system-level issues. We provide a general discussion and practical examples for the following categories of algorithmic techniques: fast algorithms, reduced dimensionality and mathematical shortcuts. Additionally, we discuss the importance of software techniques such as the use of fixed-point arithmetic, reduced data transfers and cache-friendly programming. In our experience, each of these techniques is a key enabler for real-time embedded vision systems.

Article Outline

1. Introduction

1.1. Embedded vision

1.2. Is there an optimal vision processing architecture?

1.3. The challenges of embedded vision

1.4. Comparison of software- and hardware-programmable approaches

1.5. Programmable architectures for embedded vision

1.6. Embedded vision techniques for programmable processors

1.7. Section description

2. Algorithmic techniques for embedded vision

2.1. Fast algorithms

2.1.1. Fast convolution and correlation

2.1.2. Fast morphology

2.1.

3. Fast median filter

2.2. Reduced dimensionality

2.3. Mathematical shortcuts

3. Software techniques for embedded vision

3.1. Fixed-point arithmetic

3.2. Reduced data transfers

3.3. Cache-friendly programming

3.4. Trading off memory and computations

4. System-level optimization for embedded vision

4.1. Floating-point vs. fixed-point

4.2. C vs. C++ and assembly

4.3. RTOS selection

4.4. Device specific optimizations

4.5. Example application

5. Conclusions

Efficient hardware architecture of 2D-scan-based wavelet watermarking for image and video??

二维图像/视频的传输与播放效果高效硬件结构的专业化针对性设计

Computer Standards & Interfaces 计算机硬件开发与接口学报

This paper describes an efficient hardware architecture of 2D-Scan-based-Wavelet watermarking for image and video. The potential application for this architecture includes broadcast monitoring of video sequences for High Definition Television (HDTV) and DVD protection and access control. The proposed 2D design allows even distribution of the processing load onto a set of filters, with each set performing the calculation for one dimension according to the scan-based process. The video protection is achieved by the insertion of watermarks bank within the middle frequency of wavelet coefficients related to video frames by their selective quantization. The 2-D DWT is applied for both video stream and watermark in order to make the watermarking scheme robust and perceptually invisible. The proposed architecture has a very simple control part, since the data are operated in a row-column-slice fashion. This organization reduces the requirement of on-chip memory. In addition, the control unit selects which coefficient to pass to the low-pass and high-pass filters. The on-chip memory will be small as compared to the input size since it depends solely on the

filter sizes. Due to the pipelining, all filters are utilized for 100% of the time except during the start-up and wind-down times. The major contribution of this research is towards the selection of appropriate real time watermarking scheme and performing a trade-off between the algorithmic aspects of our proposed watermarking scheme and the hardware implementation technique. The hardware architecture is designed, as a watermarking based IP core with the Avalon interface related to NIOS embedded processor, and tested in order to evaluate the performance of our proposed watermarking algorithm. This architecture has been implemented on the Altera Stratix-II Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) prototyping board. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the capability of the proposed watermarking system for real time applications and its robustness against malicious attacks. Article Outline

1. Introduction

2. Previous work

3. The watermarking scheme

3.1. Scan-based pyramid wavelet transform

3.2. Watermarking algorithm

4. Watermarking system architecture

4.1. 2D-DWT processing unit

4.1.1. Direct 2D-DWT

4.1.2. Reverse 2D-DWT

4.2. Watermark computation

4.2.1. Watermark bank generation unit

4.2.2. Bit-plane decomposition and permutation between bit-plane unit

4.3. Insertion algorithm architecture

4.4. The Avalon interface unit

5. Hardware implementation results

5.1. Qualitative evaluation of the watermarking architecture

5.2. Quantitative evaluation of the integrated watermarking architecture

6. Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Multi-sector algorithm for hardware acceleration of the general Hough transform

移动多媒体/视频流设备的硬件多分区多部件设计框架通用化的粗糙平台架构建议

Image and Vision Computing

The Multi-Sector Algorithm (MSA) is a simplification of the CORDIC algorithm to more closely meet the requirements for real-time general Hough transform applications. The MSA can form a pipeline, and multiple angle rotations are performed in parallel. The whole has been tested on Virtex platform FPGAs to find straight edges within images. Angular resolution is incrementally scalable. Video-rate processing is easily

achieved. The ability to run independent MS units in parallel is only limited by on-chip memory restrictions.

Article Outline

1. Introduction

2. Related work

3. Hardware Hough transform

3.1. General Hough transform

3.2. CORDIC algorithm

3.3. Constant rotation CORDIC-like algorithm

3.4. Multi-Sector algorithm

3.5. MSA pipeline

3.6. Multiple PMSA

3.7. Error analysis

3.8. Design methodology

4. Results

4.1. Image processing

4.2. Performance

4.3. Resource usage

5. Conclusion

Design and implementation of embedded computer vision systems based on particle filters?

Particle filtering methods are gradually attaining significant importance in a variety of embedded computer vision applications. For example, in smart camera systems, object tracking is a very important application and particle filter based tracking algorithms have shown promising results with robust tracking performance. However, most particle filters involve vast amount of computational complexity, thereby intensifying the challenges faced in their real-time, embedded implementation. Many of these applications share common characteristics, and the same system design can be reused by identifying and varying key system parameters and varying them appropriately. In this paper, we present a System-on-Chip (SoC) architecture involving both hardware and software components for a class of particle filters. The framework uses parameterization to enable fast and efficient reuse of the architecture with minimal re-design effort for a wide range of particle filtering applications as well as implementation platforms.

Using this framework, we explore different design options for implementing three different particle filtering applications on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The first two applications involve particle filters with one-dimensional state transition models, and are used to demonstrate the key features of the framework. The main focus of this paper is on design methodology for hardware/software implementation of multi-dimensional particle filter application and we explore this in the third application which is a 3D facial pose tracking system for videos. In this multi-dimensional particle filtering application, we extend our proposed

architecture with models for hardware/software co-design so that limited hardware resources can be utilized most effectively. Our experiments demonstrate that the framework is easy and intuitive to use, while providing for efficient design and implementation. We present different memory management schemes along with results on trade-offs between area (FPGA resource requirement) and execution speed. Article Outline

1. Introduction

2. Related work

3. System design framework

3.1. Overview

3.2. Design framework

4. Experiments and results

4.1. Uni-variate non-stationary growth model

4.2. Uni-dimensional failure prognosis model

4.3. 3D facial pose tracking in video

4.4. Application overview

4.5. Partitioning and mapping

4.6. Memory management schemes

4.7. Implementation

4.8. Results

5. Conclusions

Customization of an embedded RISC CPU with SIMD extensions for video encoding: A case study??

基于用户分组与市场需求分析与客户调研反馈的硬件个性化开发方案视频编解码的扩展：以一个开发案例研究项目为例

Integration, the VLSI

This work presents a detailed case study in customizing a configurable, extensible, 32-bit RISC processor with vector/SIMD instruction extensions for the efficient execution of block-based video-coding algorithms utilizing a proprietary co-design environment. In addition to the default Full-Search motion estimation of the MPEG-2 Test Model 5, fourteen fast ME algorithms were implemented in both scalar and vector form. Results demonstrate a reduction of up to 68% in the dynamic instruction count of the full search-based encoder whereas the fast motion estimation algorithms achieved a reduction in instruction count of nearly 90%, both accelerated via three 128-bit vector/SIMD instructions when compared to the scalar, reference implementation of the standard. We address in detail the profiling, vectorization and the development of these vector instruction set extensions, discuss in depth the implementation of a parametric vector accelerator that implements these instructions and show the introduction of that accelerator into a 32-bit RISC processor pipeline, in a closely-coupled configuration.

Article Outline

1. Introduction

2. Experimental procedure

3. Coprocessor programmers model

4. Architecture results

5. Microarchitecture

5.1. Coprocessor interface

5.2. Scalar CPU

5.3. Vector coprocessor

6. Processor–coprocessor VLSI macro

6.1. Power analysis

7. Conclusion and future work

References

A real-time shot cut detector: Hardware implementation?

With the enormous growth in digital audiovisual (AV) information in our life, there is an important need for tools which enable describing the AV content information. In this context, the MPEG-7 standard was developed in order to provide a set of standardized description tools which generate metadata about AV content. However, before any content-based manipulations, the hierarchical structure of video must be determined. This process is known as shot boundary detection or in other case scene change detection. In this paper, an old and reliable method based on local histogram has been used to implement shot cut detector for real-time applications. Since software implementation on PC is not suitable for this algorithm due to the sequential treatments of the processor, we have used an FPGA-based platform.

Article Outline

1. Introduction

2. Related work

3. Video segmentation: case studies

3.1. Local histogram specifications

3.2. Video corpus

3.3. Color spaces evaluation

3.4. Quantization evaluation

3.5. Sub-sampling evaluation

3.6. Computation time estimation

4. Hardware implementation

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Temporal constraints

4.3. Implementation schemes

4.4. Implementation results

5. Conclusion

A tunable high-performance architecture for enhancement of stream video captured

under non-uniform lighting conditions?

A novel architecture for performing hue-saturation-value (HSV) domain enhancement of digital color images captured under non-uniform lighting conditions is proposed in this paper for video streaming applications. The approach promotes log-domain computation to eliminate all multiplications, divisions and exponentiations utilizing the compact high-speed logarithmic estimation modules. An optimized quadrant symmetric architecture is incorporated into the design of homomorphic filter for the enhancement of intensity value. Efficient modules are also presented for conversion between RG

B and HSV color spaces with tunable H and S components in HSV for more flexible color rendering. The design is able to bring out details hidden in shadow regions of the image and preserve the bright parts with adjustable vividness and color shift for improvement of visual quality while maintaining its consistency. It is capable of producing 187.86 million outputs per second (MOPs) on Xilinx’s Virtex II XC2V2000-4ff896 field programmable gate array (FPGA) at a clock frequency of 187.86?MHz. It can process over 179.1 (1024?×?1024) frames per second, which is very suitable for high definition videos, and consumes approximately 70.7% and 76.8% less hardware resource with 127% and 280% performance boost when compared to the designs with machine learning algorithm in [M.Z. Zhang, M.J. Seow, V.K. Asari, A high performance architecture for color image enhancement using a machine learning approach, International Journal of Computational Intelligence Research – Special Issue on Advances in Neural Networks 2(1) (2006) 40–47], and with separated dynamic and contrast enhancements in [H.T. Ngo, M.Z. Zhang, L. Tao, V.K. Asari, Design of a high performance architecture for real-time enhancement of video stream captured in extremely low lighting environment, International Journal of Embedded Systems: Special Issue on Media and Stream Processing, in press], respectively. This approach also provide 83.4 times performance gain with more consistent fidelity in the results compared to some DSP based implementations (256?×?256 frame size) [G.D. Hines, Z. Rahman, D.J. Jobson, G.A. Woodell, DSP implementation of the retinex image enhancement algorithm, visual information processing XIII, in: Proceedings of the SPIE, vol. 5438, 2004, pp. 13–24; G.D. Hines, Z. Rahman, D.J. Jobson, G.A. Woodell, Single-scale retinex using digital signal processors, in: Proceedings of the Global Signal Processing Conference, September 2004, pp. 1–6] under the reflectance-illuminance category of image enhancement models.

Article Outline

1. Introduction

2. Related works

2.1. Quadrant symmetry property

2.2. Log-domain computation

3. Reflectance-illuminance model

3.1. Homomorphic based HSV-domain enhancement

3.2. Brief comparison of algorithms under the model

4. Design of system architecture

4.1. Overview

4.2. Architecture of homomorphic filter unit

4.2.1. Architecture of pipelined processing elements in homomorphic filter

4.3. Data buffer unit

4.4. Architecture for RGB2HSV color space conversion

4.5. Architecture for HSV2RGB color space conversion

5. Hardware simulation and error analysis

6. Resource utilization and performance evaluation

7. Conclusion

A parallel evolutionary algorithm to optimize dynamic memory managers in embedded systems?

Parallel Computing

手机并行计算/运算系统

For the last 30 years, several dynamic memory managers (DMMs) have been proposed. Such DMMs include first fit, best fit, segregated fit and buddy systems. Since the performance, memory usage and energy consumption of each DMM differs, software engineers often face difficult choices in selecting the most suitable approach for their applications. This issue has special impact in the field of portable consumer embedded systems, that must execute a limited amount of multimedia applications (e.g., 3D games, video players, signal processing software, etc.), demanding high performance and extensive memory usage at a low energy consumption. Recently, we have developed a novel methodology based on genetic programming to automatically design custom DMMs, optimizing performance, memory usage and energy consumption. However, although this process is automatic and faster than state-of-the-art optimizations, it demands intensive computation, resulting in a time-consuming process. Thus, parallel processing can be very useful to enable to explore more solutions spending the same time, as well as to implement new algorithms. In this paper we present a novel parallel evolutionary algorithm for DMMs optimization in embedded systems, based on the Discrete Event Specification (DEVS) formalism over a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) framework. Parallelism significantly improves the performance of the sequential exploration algorithm. On the one hand, when the number of generations are the same in both approaches, our parallel optimization framework is able to reach a speed-up of 86.40× when compared with other state-of-the-art approaches. On the other, it improves the global quality (i.e., level of performance, low memory usage and low energy consumption) of the final DMM obtained in a 36.36% with respect to two well-known general-purpose DMMs and two state-of-the-art optimization methodologies.

Article Outline

1. Introduction and related work

2. The dynamic memory managers exploration problem

2.1. Introduction to dynamic memory managers

2.2. Dynamic memory management design space for embedded systems

2.3. Grammatical evolution applied to DMM optimization

3. DMM optimization flow

3.1. Profiling of the application

3.2. DMM grammar generation

3.3. Optimization

4. pGE parallelization approach for scalable DMM exploration

4.1. Global architecture of the pGE

4.2. DEVS/SOA parallel exploration algorithm

4.2.1. Master model

4.2.2. Worker model

4.2.3. DEVS/SOA configuration

5. Experimental framework and results

5.1. Case studies

5.2. DMMs exploration speed comparisons

5.3. On the quality of solutions

5.3.1. Method applied to VDrift

5.3.2. Method applied to Physics3D

6. Conclusions and future work

Acknowledgements

Fine grain pipeline architecture for high performance phase-based optical flow computation?

Accurate motion analysis of real life sequences is a very active research field due to its multiple potential applications. Currently, new technologies offer us very fast and accurate sensors that provide a huge quantity of data per second. Processing these data streams is very expensive (in terms of computing power) for general purpose processors and therefore, is beyond processing capabilities of most current embedded devices. In this work, we present a specific hardware architecture that implements a robust optical flow algorithm able to process input video sequences at a high frame rate and high resolution, up to 160?fps for VGA images. We describe a superpipelined datapath of more than 85 stages (some of them configured with superscalar units able to process several data in parallel). Therefore, we have designed an intensive parallel processing engine. System speed (frames per second) produces fine optical flow estimations (by constraining the actual motion ranges between consecutive frames) and the phase-based method confers the system robustness to image noise or illumination changes. In this work, we analyze the architecture of different frame rates and input image noise levels. We compare the results with other approaches in the state of the art and validate our implementation using several hardware platforms. Article Outline

1. Introduction

2. Phase-based algorithm

3. Hardware architecture

3.1. Filtering stage

3.2. Phase computation

3.3. Unwrapping the phase values

3.4. Component velocities estimation

3.5. Final velocity vectors

3.6. Model modifications towards a hardware friendly implementation

3.7. Hardware synthesis and architecture optimizations

4. System performance and accuracy results

4.1. Evaluation of system accuracy at different frame rates

4.2. Robustness to illumination changes

4.3. Performance comparison with previous work

5. Conclusions

Acknowledgements

高效优化的视频流/数据流处理算法

Dynamic replacement of video coding elements??

编解码专用组件及其动态替换功能

The long timescale between the development of new technologies for video coding and their adoption into standards results in a slow improvement in compression efficiency despite the scale of ongoing research into new compression techniques. Standards-based codecs have limited capabilities to adapt to changes in video content, delivery environments, or platforms. There is a growing recognition, for example, with the MPEG Reconfigurable Video Coding initiative, that increased codec flexibility is needed. However, we anticipate that even further developments are required to address these stumbling blocks to video coder advancement. To this end, we present a new approach to video coding which enables flexible and dynamic re-configuration of video coding functions. This adaptability is achieved by sending configuration information to the decoder during a communications session as part of the compressed video signal. The decoder responds to this information by reconfiguring itself to adapt the video decoding process as prompted by the encoder. In this paper we describe a particular example of how dynamic re-configuration may be implemented in a simple video coding scenario, namely, a video coder is reconfigured dynamically by sending descriptions of new transforms during coding. We evaluate five approaches to re-configuration and show that all demonstrate rate-distortion gains over baseline coders, despite the rate increase due to sending configuration information.

Article Outline

1. Introduction

2. Dynamic replacement of codec functions

2.1. Overview of the dynamic reconfiguration approach

2.2. Coding and transmitting new transforms

2.2.1. Coding inverse transform flow graphs

2.2.2. Coding arbitrary transform matrices

2.3. Instantiating new transforms

2.3.1. Instantiating a flow-graph-based inverse transform

2.3.2. Instantiating an arbitrary inverse transform

2.4. Sending new functionality as a binary patch

3. Results

3.1. Rate-distortion results for fixed and reconfigurable scenarios

3.2. Computational performance

3.3. Rate-distortion results for H.264-based reconfiguration

4. Conclusions

CPRS: A cloud-based program recommendation system for digital TV platforms?? Future Generation Computer Systems

Research highlights

? The CPRS was implemented to improve existing television channel recommendation systems. ? Apply Traditional EPG to discover the user behavior pattern in the TV program, then build a program recommendation system. ? CPRS: CloudBased Program Recommendation System. EPG: Electronic Program Guides. ? The system was implemented by a cloud computing framework and used the mapreduce programming model. ? The mapreduce versions of kmeans and kNN, the two core algorithms in the proposed system. Traditional electronic program guides (EPGs) cannot be used to find popular TV programs. A personalized digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T) digital TV program recommendation system is ideal for providing TV program suggestions based on statistics results obtained from analyzing large-scale data. The frequency and duration of the programs that users have watched are collected and weighted by data mining techniques. A large dataset produces results that best represent a viewer’s preferences of TV programs in a specific area. To process such a massive amount viewer preference data, the bottleneck of scalability and computing power must be removed. In this paper, an architecture for a TV program recommendation system based on cloud computing and a map-reduce framework, the map-reduce version of k-means and the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm, is introduced and applied. The proposed architecture provides a scalable and powerful backend to support the demand of large-scale data processing for a program recommendation system.

A mars communication constellation for human exploration and network science?? Advances in Space Research

人类开发行动中，火星通讯网络科学的应用与实施部署

This paper analyses the possibility of exploiting a small spacecrafts constellation around Mars to ensure a complete and continuous coverage of the planet, for the purpose of supporting future human and robotic operations and taking advantage of optical transmission techniques. The study foresees such a communications mission to be implemented at least after 2020 and a high data-rate requirement is imposed for the return of huge scientific data from massive robotic exploration or to allow video transmissions from a possible human outpost.

In addition, the set-up of a communication constellation around Mars would give the

opportunity of exploiting this multi-platform infrastructure to perform network science, that would largely increase our knowledge of the planet.

The paper covers all technical aspects of a feasibility study performed for the primary communications mission. Results are presented for the system trade-offs, including communication architecture, constellation configuration and transfer strategy, and the mission analysis optimization, performed through the application of a multi-objective genetic algorithm to two models of increasing difficulty for the low-thrust trajectory definition.

The resulting communication architecture is quite complex and includes six 530?kg spacecrafts on two different orbital planes, plus one redundant unit per plane, that ensure complete coverage of the planet’s surface; communications between the satellites and Earth are achieved through optical links, that allow lower mass and power consumption with respect to traditional radio-frequency technology, while inter-satellite links and spacecrafts-to-Mars connections are ensured by radio transmissions. The resulting data-rates for Earth–Mars uplink and downlink, satellite-to-satellite and satellite-to-surface are respectively 13.7?Mbps, 10.2?Mbps, 4.8?Mbps and 4.3?Mbps, in worst-case.

Two electric propulsion modules are foreseen, to be placed on a C30 escape orbit with two Zenith Sea Launch rockets in March 2021 and carrying four satellites each. After the entrance in Mars sphere of influence, the single spacecrafts separate and spiral-down with Hall effect thrusters until they reach the final operational orbits in April 2025, at 17,030?km of altitude and 37?deg of inclination. The preliminary design includes 105?kg and 577?W of mass and power margin for each satellite, that can be allocated for scientific payloads.

The main challenges of the proposed design are represented by the optical technology development and the connected strict pointing constraints satisfaction, as well as by the Martian constellation operations management.

This mission study has therefore shown the possibility of deploying an effective communication infrastructure in Mars orbit employing a small amount of the resources needed for the human exploration programme, additionally providing the chance of performing important scientific research either from orbit or with a network of small rovers carried on-board and deployed on the surface.

Article Outline

1. Introduction

2. Mission trade-offs

2.1. Communication link trade-off

2.2. Constellation trade-off and design

2.3. Transfer strategy trade-off and mission outline

3. Mission analysis

3.1. Exponential sinusoids model for Earth–Mars trajectory preliminary design 3.2. Direct integration model for Earth–Mars trajectory detailed design

3.3. Mars spiral-in model

4. System review

4.1. TT&C and ADCS

4.2. Propulsion and EPS

4.3. TCS, OBDH and Structures

5. Final remarks and scientific opportunities Acknowledgements

Appendix A. Appendix

视频监控施工工艺标准

视频监控系统施工工艺 本标准适用于以监视为主要目的的民用闭路电视监控系统的安装工程。工程施工应以设计图纸和有关施工质量验收规为依据。 施工工艺描述 1.1施工技术总则 本着先预制后安装、先预埋后安装、先配管后安装、先暗后明的原则，整个弱电工程与土建、装饰施工进度密切配合，穿插进行。 施工顺序为：施工准备——管路线槽的阶段性验收交接——支架、基础安装——设备现场定位——穿线及电缆敷设——设备安装——控制盘、柜的加工和安装——校线和压线——终端面板的安装——子系统调试——竣工 和验收。 1.1.1严格按照批准后施工图设计进行施工。 1.1.2接到任务书，制订详细的施工方案、计划和进度，确保按时完成任务。 1.1.3审核施工图后，组织相关的施工人员、讲解本次施工的要点、要求和注意事项，使施工人员明确施工的性质、容和任务。更好的，按期、按质、按量完成施工任务。 1.1.4遵守国家或部委颁发的法规、标准和规。 1.1.5严格执行国家或部委颁发的工程施工及验收技术规或工程及验收暂行技术规定，以及省电信公司的有关文件规定和要求。 1.1.6施工质量要以施工质量第一位宗旨，加强施工现场的管理和施工监督，严格执行施工规。做到施工工艺精良，各种测试项目齐全、记录清楚、文字端正、数据准确。符合相关技术要求。 1.1.7严格按施工操作程序施工，做到文明施工、文明生产。施工中做好防火、防电、防雷、防化学气体、防事故等预防性的工作，做到施工人员的安全及设备材料的安全。 鉴于安全生产责任重大，严格执行国家有关标准和兴泰电子科技有限责任公司安全目标责任状的相关规定”。

1.2安全操作技术一般规定 1.2.1注意施工环境，检查作业围有无危险地段和可能坠物地带及其它障碍物。作业人员应按规定穿戴、使用防护用品、用具。 1.2.2所有支架安装等外部设备要符合监控设备载重要求，包括安装面是否适合承重等。 1.2.3所有监控线路安装均符合公司及国家标准，保证强电和弱电线路分开。尽量使用带屏蔽层的电源线，控制线。视频线符合国家标准。 1.2.4机柜摆放位置和接地要求符合国家标准。 2.材料、设备要求 2.1、前端部分：矩阵主机、控制键盘、长延时录像机或硬盘录像机，、画面分割器、监视器、计算机、系统软件、打印机、不间断电源等。． 2.2、传输部分：光／电转换器、信号放大器、视频分配器、分线箱、同轴电缆、光缆、电源线、控制线等。 2.3、终端部分：摄像机、镜头、云台、解码器、防护罩、支架、红外灯、避雷接地装置等。 2.4、上述设备、材料应根据合同文件及设计要求选型，设备、材料和软件进场应验收，并填写验收记录。设备应有产品合格证、检测报告、安装及使用说明书、“CCC”认证标识等。如果是进口产品，则需提供原产地证明和商检证明，配套提供的质量合格证明，检测报告及安装、使用、维护说明书的中文文本。设备安装前，应根据使用说明书进行全部检查，合格后方可安装。 2.5、其他材料：镀锌材料、镀锌钢管、镀锌线槽、金属膨胀螺栓、金属软管、塑料胀管、机螺钉、平垫圈、弹簧垫圈、接线端子、绝缘胶布、各类接头等。 3.机具设备 3.1安装器具：手电钻、冲击钻、电烙铁、电工组合工具、对讲机、BNC 接头专用压线钳、尖嘴钳、剥线钳、光缆接续设备、脚手架、梯子等。 3.2测试器具：万用表、兆欧表、水平尺、钢尺、小线、线坠等。 4.作业条件

天津建设工程施工现场应用安全文明施工管理信息远程视频监控

天津市建设工程施工现场远程视频监控 管理信息系统实施办法 第一条为了加强建设工程安全、文明施工监督管理，促进我市建筑施工安全质量标准化管理，有效防止重大伤亡事故，根据《天津市建设工程文明施工管理规定》的规定，结合本市实际，制定本办法。 第二条本办法所称施工现场远程视频监控管理信息系统（以下简称远程视频监控系统），指应用视频信息网络对建设安全生产和施工现场环境保护、场容环境、作业条件进行远程实时图像监控管理，包括视频采集、传输、编解码和终端监控、录像。 第三条建设工程施工现场远程视频监控管理信息系统，是对工程建设相关各责任主体履行安全文明施工责任的强制性监控措施，纳入建设工程安全文明施工责任管理体系。 第四条市建设行政主管部门负责远程视频监控系统的管理，市建设安全监督管理站负责日常远程视频监控系统的应用监督。 第五条凡本市行政区域内的下列建设工程，必须应用远程视频监控系统，接受市建设行政主管部门管理。 （一）中央及市、区县政府投资的建设工程； （二）单体建筑面积达到5000m2以上或者群体建筑面积达到10000m2以上的房屋建筑工程； （三）投资规模（含设备投资）在5000万元人民币以上的工

业及其他建设工程； （四）城市基础设施、铁路、交通、水利等专业建设工程的立交桥、跨河桥、隧道、地铁、车站、港口建设工程； （五）建筑物（构筑物）整体迁移工程； 第六条凡属于第五条规定工程的建设单位，应于工程开工之前，委托具有远程视频监控系统设计、安装资质的单位进行监控系统的设计和安装，并交纳设计、安装和传输等相应的服务费用。设计、安装和传输服务的费用不得以任何形式转嫁给监理和施工单位。 第七条建设单位在向建设行政主管部门办理安全施工措施备案时，应当将远程视频监控系统设计、安装委托书（合同），作为建设工程相关各方履行安全责任的书面承诺的附件，一并提供建设安全监督管理站，并办理工程远程视频监控注册。凡未提供远程视频监控系统委托书（合同）的，建设行政主管部门不予安全措施备案。 第八条市建设行政主管部门设置远程视频监控系统指挥中心。通过集中管理软件直接对施工现场摄像机进行远程操作，对施工现场进行24小时实录监控。 第九条受远程视频监控的建设工程，建设单位必须设置监控室并配置符合《天津市工程施工现场远程监管系统技术规定》的高清晰彩色摄像机、终端计算机。施工现场设置的监控室应符合监控系统硬件运行的防尘、使用温度和防静电要求。监理单位负责监控室的管理，实行24小时专业操作员值班。 第十条监理单位、施工总承包单位应按照安全文明施工管理软件，将包括工程概况、管理组织架构、安全文明施工责任承诺、安

视频监控系统施工工艺

视频监控系统施工工艺 1、摄像机及其它设备的安装技术要求 摄像机、监视器、录像机、视频切换器以及控制台的安装应符合技术说明书的要求。摄像机的安装必须牢固，应装在不易振动，人们难以接近的场所，以便看到更多的东西。鉴于安防工程的特殊要求，摄像机应一律加装防护罩。在室外安装的摄像机要加防雷防拆装置。控制箱的安装应符合技术说明书的要求。控制箱的交流电应不经开关引入，如要用开关，则应安装在控制箱里面，交流电源线应单独穿管走线，严禁与其他导线穿在同一管内。控制箱的引线，从控制箱至大棚一段要求用铁管加以保护，铁管与控制箱要用双螺帽连接。电源箱的安装要高于地面2米以上，要牢固、美观、保证安全。监视器要求图像清晰，切换图像稳定。传输电缆在长于300米时要加视频补偿措施，使图像清晰。 2、设备安装施工工艺标准 产品的型号规格、性能应符合设计要求。设备说明书、产品的使用操作说明书等资料齐全。摄象机电源线与视频线、信号线不得同管敷设，只有在电源线与控制线合用多芯时，多芯线与电缆可一起敷设；应实际测算所用电缆长度，进行备料和敷设，避免不必要的接续；当必须进行接续时应采用专用接插件。尽量采用电缆从机架、控制台底部引入设备，此时应将电缆顺着所盘方向理直，按电缆的排列次序放入槽内；拐弯处应符合电缆曲率半径要求，根据电缆的数量

应每隔100~200mm空绑一次。在摄像机标准照度下，监控图象质量和系统技术指标应满足下列要求；图象质量可按5级损伤制评定，图象质量不应低于4级。摄象机的安装应牢靠、稳固。从摄象机引出的电缆宜留有1m的余量，不得影响摄象机的转动。摄象机宜安装在监视目标附近不容易受外界损伤的地方，安装位置不应影响现场设备运行和人员的正常生活。摄象机镜头应从光源方向对准监视目标，并应避免逆光安装；当需要逆光安装时，应降低监视区域的对比度。监视器的安装位置应使荧幕不受外来光直射，当有不可避免的光时，应加遮光罩遮挡。先对摄象机进行初步安装，经通电试看、细调、检查各项功能，观察监视区域的覆盖范围和图象质量，符合要求后方可固定。机架安装应竖直平稳，垂直偏差不得超过1%。机架内的设备、部件安装，应在机架定位完毕后并加固后进行，安装在机架内的设备应牢固、端正。系统图象清晰，系统功能符合设计要求，运行检修方便。 3 、系统设备及系统调试 1）设备连接检查目测检查前端各位置摄象机的电源及视频线连线是否正确目测检查前端各位置云台的电源及控制线是否正确目测检查末端各设备之间的连线似的否正确2）供电电源检测测量电源供电电压是否在正常范围之内检查各设备到电源的连接是否正确在确定供电电压正常及全部连线正确无误后给系统加电3) 单机测试依次将每一台摄象机的图象输入到指定的监视器上、观察图象状况，调整摄象机镜头达到最佳效果观察图象监视范围，调整摄象机

视频监控系统施工方案

副本住宅小区监控系统 施工方案

视频监控系统施工方案 1. 工程的施工技术、施工方法、施工进度计划、工期安排 1.1施工程序 线缆敷设→设备安装→设备调试→投入试运行→竣工资 料整理→验收交付使用 1.2主要施工方法 1.2.1系统安装 按照施工技术图的要求，明确安防系统中各种设备与摄像机的安装位置，明确各位置的设备型号和安装尺寸，根据供应商提供的产品样本确定安装要求。 根据安防系统设备供应商提供的技术参数，配合土建做好各设备安装所需的预埋和预留位置。 根据安防系统设备供应商提供的技术参数和施工设计图 纸的要求。配置供电线路和接地装置。 摄像机应安装在监视目标附近，不易受外界损伤的地方。其安装位置不易影响现场设备和工作人员的正常活动。通常最低安装高度室内为2.50米，室外3.50米。 摄像机的镜头应从光源方向对准监视目标，镜头应避免受强光直射。

摄像机采用超5类网线及光纤。 必须在土建、装修工程结束后，各专业设备安装基本完毕，在整洁的环境中安装摄像机。 从摄像机引出的电缆留有1m的余量，以便不影响摄像机的转动。 云台安装时按摄像监视范围决定云台的旋转方位，其旋转死角处在支、吊架和引线电缆一侧。 电动云台重量大，支持其的支、吊架安装牢固可靠，并考虑其的转动惯性，在它旋转时不发生抖动现象。 安装球形摄像机、隐蔽式防护罩、半球形防护罩，由于占用天花板上方空间，因此必须确认该安装位置吊顶内无管道等阻档物。 在监控室内的终端设备，在人力允许的情况下，可与摄像机的安装同时进行。监控室装修完成且电源线、接地线、各视频电缆、控制电缆敷设完毕后，将机柜及控制台运入安装。 机架底座与地面固定，安装竖直平稳，垂直偏差不超过3‰;几个机柜并排在一起，面板应在同一平面上并与基准线平行，前后偏差不大于3mm，两个机柜中间缝隙不大于3mm。控制台正面与墙的净距不小于1.2m，侧面与墙或其他设备的净距不小于0.8m。

项目视频监控系统施工方案

保障房项目 视 频 监 控 系 统 施 工 方 案 2016-6-15

一、项目概述 为满足业主安全和科学系统化管理的需要，以及对施工现场随时发生的情况进行全面、及时的了解和掌握，对意外情况能迅速做出正确判断，给出合理、有效、快速的指挥和处理。本设计从现场实际情况出发，在施工区域以及办公区设置若干监控点，进行数字化系统监控，提高现场安全防范水平。 二、设计依据 JGJ/T16-92《民用建筑电气设计规范》； GB502540259-96《电器装置安装工程施工及验收规范》； GB50169-92《电气装置安装工程接地装置施工及验收规范》； GA/T75-94《安全防范工程程序与要求》； GB500198-94《建筑物防雷设计规范》； 国家现行的有关行业标准、规范、规程和规定。 三、工程的施工技术、施工方法、工艺流程 3.1施工程序 线缆敷设→设备安装→设备调试→投入试运行→验收交付使用 3.2主要施工方法

3.2.1系统安装 按照施工图纸的要求，明确安防系统中各种设备与摄像机的安装位置，明确各位置的设备型号和安装尺寸，根据业主具体需求确定安装要求。 根据安防系统设备的技术参数，由业主方做好各设备安装所需的预埋和预留位置。 根据安防系统设备的技术参数和施工设计图纸的要求。配置供电线路和接地装置。 摄像机的镜头应从光源方向对准监视目标，镜头应避免受强光直射。 从摄像机引出的电缆留有1m的余量，以便不影响摄像机的转动。摄像机安装在监视目标附近不易受到外界损伤的地方，而且不影响附近人员的正常活动。安装高度室内不低于2.5m，室外不低于3.5m。摄像机应尽量避免逆光安装。 解码器安装在离摄像机不远的现场，安装不要明显；若安装在吊顶内，吊顶要有足够的承载能力，并在附近有检修孔。 机架底座与地面固定，安装竖直平稳，垂直偏差不超过3‰；控制台正面与墙的净距不小于 1.2m，侧面与墙或其他设备的净距不小于0.8m。 监控室内电缆理直后从地槽或墙槽引入机架、控制台底部，再引到各设备处。所有电缆成捆绑扎，在电缆两端留适当余量。并标示明显的标记。

高清网络数字视频监控系统施工方案

高清网络数字视频监控系统 施 工 方 案 有限公司 目录 一、系统需求 ................................................................................................................. 错误！未指定书签。

二、系统特点 ................................................................................................................. 错误！未指定书签。 三、系统结构 ................................................................................................................. 错误！未指定书签。 四、视频采集 ................................................................................................................. 错误！未指定书签。 、百万高清网络摄像机 ................................................................................................. 错误！未指定书签。 、组网策略 ..................................................................................................................... 错误！未指定书签。 、报警联动 ..................................................................................................................... 错误！未指定书签。 五、数据存储 ................................................................................................................. 错误！未指定书签。 六、显示部分 ................................................................................................................. 错误！未指定书签。 七、施工规范 ................................................................................................................. 错误！未指定书签。 八、售后服务 ................................................................................................................. 错误！未指定书签。 .服务方式 ....................................................................................................................... 错误！未指定书签。 .服务承诺 ....................................................................................................................... 错误！未指定书签。 .服务承诺内容 ............................................................................................................... 错误！未指定书签。 一、系统需求 根据对射击场高清视频监控项目需求情况，采用网络数字视频监控系统来搭建视频监控系统。

视频监控系统施工方案67271

第一章编制依据 1.1施工组织设计的指导思想 本施工组织设计是按现行的国家施工验收规程规范、工程质量评定标准、施工操作规程、成都市政府的有关规定，再结合我公司的施工能力、技术准备力量及多年视频监控系统工程的设计施工经验和本工程的具体情况进行编制的。 施工组织设计作为直接指导施工的依据，在保证工程质量、工期、安全生产、成本的前提下，对加强施工管理、有效的调配劳动力、提高施工效率、节约工程成本、保证施工现场的安全文明有积极作用。 施工组织设计一旦经甲方和建设监理公司审核认可后，在施工过程中，我公司一定严格按照本施工组织设计执行。 1.2编制范围及内容 1、本工程施工组织设计是严格按照本视频监控系统工程的要求进行质量策划后编制的，在人员、机械、材料供应、平衡调配、施工方案、质量要求、进度安排等方面统一进行部署下完成。 2、我公司高度重视本施工组织设计的编制工作，召集曾从事过类似工程工作的技术专家、有关负责人攻克本工程的重点、难点及特殊部位的施工技术，力求本方案重点突出，具有呼应性、针对性和可

操作性。 3、本着对建设单位负责和资金的合理使用、对工程质量的高度责任感，针对本工程设计特点和使用功能要求，我们编制的原则是：“确保工程质量优、速度快、造价低、操作性强”。同时保证周边和施工现场有良好环境。 1.3施工组织设计编制技术依据 建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准 GB50300-2013 智能建筑设计标准 GB50314-2015 智能建筑工程质量验收规范GB50339-2013 建筑电气安装工程施工质量验收规范GB50303-2011 视频安防监控系统工程设计规范 GB50395-2007 安全防范工程技术规范GB50384-2004 防盗报警控制器材通用技术条件 GB12663-2001 钢管敷设工艺标准 305-1998 金属线槽配线安装工艺标准313-1998 防雷及接地安装施工工艺标准HFWXQB1-6-013-2004 甲方相关要求 招标文件及图纸有关内容

施工现场视频监控系统方案

目录 一、序言 (1) 二、系统功能及组成 (2) 系统组成 (2) 、系统功能说明 (2) 监控安装位置范围示意表 (3) 三、系统结构示意图及器材 (3) 四、质量保证和售后服务 (4) 现场监控装置布置示意图 (5) 一、序言 随着社会经济的不断进步、发展，人们对安全生产的要求以越来越高。如何才能安全、高效的生产、生活，以越来越受到各行各业的关注，视频监控系统作为有效的防护措施和科学的、先进的管理系统已经越来越受到人们的欢迎。

在建筑行业中，施工人员的人身安全，工地的建筑材料、设备等财产的保全尤为重要。但是，由于施工环境的限制，设备、材料的安全管理不完善及部分员工的自我防护意识的薄弱，为犯罪分子提供了可乘之机。为了建筑工地安全管理进一步完善，我项目部计划在施工现场建立视频监控系统。 工程概况 本工程为戎德园工程，总建筑面积为38351.91平方米，住宅基底总建筑面积为1386.07平方米。1号楼地上建筑面积为15794.55m2,基底面积为647.08m2，A1单元为地下1层，地上27层，高度为79.2m,A2单元为地下1层，地上25层，高度为73.4m。2号楼地上建筑面积为8234.03 m2，基底面积为377.86 m2，地下1层，地上23层，高度为67.6m。3号楼地上建筑面积为8508.09 m2，基底面积为361.13 m2，地下1层，地上25层，高度为73.4m。 二、系统功能及组成 系统组成 系统由前端图像信号采集、图像信号及控制信号中间传输、中心图像切换控制三部分组成。结构示意图如下； 、系统功能说明 1．我项目部计划在施工现场安装五台带全方位云台、室外防护罩及带自动光圈镜头一体化摄像机，通过监控中心键盘、鼠标操作，可实现云台的上下、左右，镜头的远近、自动长短焦，光圈大小操作，实现对施工现场及人员的全方位监视需要。在大门处安装两台普通摄像机。 2．硬盘录象可实现对画面的任意切换、定时切换、顺序切换及对前端设备的控制。 3．监控中心设数字硬盘录像机一台，实现长时间录象监控图像的需要。

监控系统施工方案(DOC)

五华县人民医院 视频监控系统施工方案 2014年3月

一、概述 随着现代化的深化发展，院区的信息化建设不断深入，都加快了信息网络平台的建设，院区系统正逐步转向利用网络和计算机集中管理信息的新阶段。 为了更好的保护财产及院区的安全, 根据院区用户实际的监控需要，一般都会在院区周边、大门、各楼宇、仓库、机房、停车场等重点部位安装摄像机。院区监控系统往往将视频监控,实时监视,多画面分割显示,云台控制等功能有机结合，同时监控主机自动将报警画面及录像纪录，做到报警联动，有助于及时处理警情，保护院区财产和工作人员的安全，最大程度的防范各种入侵，提高了保卫人员的工作效率以及处理各种突发事件的反应速度，给管理人员提供一个良好的工作环境，确保整个小区的安全。 在现代化院区中实施视频监控系统中，除了正常的视频监控需求之外，一般还应满足以下功能： 24小时实时监控和录像厂区周边围墙防范监控录像和防盗报警的有效联动可扩展性以及良好的操作性 随着技术不断的发展更新，时值今日，正当网络监控引领整个监控行业的深刻变革时，高清网络视频监控也同时吹响了号角。在安防监控行业领域里，百万像素乃至两百万像素分辨率的纯数字网络摄像机的诞生标志着高清监控时代的真正来临。为了推动高清数字视频监控在重要安防领域的应用，下面将和大家一起讨论高清网络数字摄像机在小区视频监控系统中的实际应用。 数字百万高清监控系统是基于网络的全数字视频监控系统产品，完全克服了传统的模拟监控系统的种种缺陷，画质清晰操作维护简洁，并且在功能和性能上更胜一筹。本系统主要利用最新的计算机处理技术，将前端数字摄像机的音视频数字信号通过网络传输到监控中心，在监控中心统一显示管理并做高清录像。

施工现场视频监控系统管理办法(最新版)

施工现场视频监控系统管理办 法(最新版) Safety management is an important part of enterprise production management. The object is the state management and control of all people, objects and environments in production. ( 安全管理 ) 单位：______________________ 姓名：______________________ 日期：______________________ 编号：AQ-SN-0584

施工现场视频监控系统管理办法(最新版) 第一章总则 第一条随着集团公司经营规模的不断扩大，为及时掌握施工现场动态的形象进度，切实加强对施工现场安全生产的监管力度，确保安全生产、文明施工贯穿于施工全过程，集团公司决定在所有符合监控系统安装条件的施工现场安装无线视频监控系统，特制定本办法。 第二条利用视频监控系统对施工现场安全设施、安全标识、临建搭设以及现场作业情况进行监控，通过远程可视化管理措施，借以促进和提高安全文明施工的管理效果，达到进一步提升施工现场安全质量管理水平的目的。 第三条本规定所指监控系统的管理工作，包括前期准备、施工

建设、维护保养、完工拆除的全过程管理。 第二章管理单位和职责 第四条信息化部负责监控软硬件系统的建设、管理工作。主要职责: 4.1.软件部分： 4.1.1负责监控系统平台的建设和日常管理维护，保障监控系统的正常运行。 4.1.2根据使用单位申请，经集团公司主管领导批准，为用户开通监控系统使用权限。 4.1.3负责为监控系统用户提供技术指导和技术服务，做好用户的技术保障工作。 4.1.4负责监控系统平台的完善改造和软件程序优化工作，以满足用户的工作需求。 4.2.硬件部分 4.2.1负责各监控点的监控系统的采购、发放和登记工作。 4.2.2负责指导项目部等监控安装点的监控系统安装。

视频监控工程施工方案

视频监控工程施工方案 1、线缆的敷设和保护 （1）线缆的敷设： 线缆的型号、规格应与设计规定相符。 线缆的布防应自然平直，不得产生扭绞、打圈接头等现象，不应受到外力的挤压和损伤。 线缆两端应贴有标签，应标明编号，标签书写应清晰、端正和正确。线缆的弯曲半径应符合下列规定： 电缆的弯曲半径至少为电缆外径的6--10倍。主干对绞电缆的弯曲半径至少为电缆外径的10倍。光缆的弯曲半径至少为光缆外径的15倍。 电源线、各种线缆应分隔布放。 （2）线缆间的最小净距符合设计要求。 线缆与电力线最小净距 注：双方都在接地的金属槽道或钢管中，且平行长度小于10米时，最小间距可为10mm。

（3）布放电缆管道面积利用率： 注：线缆外径为5.6mm,截面积为：A=0.79D2=25mm2（4）电缆布放最大数量：

2、水平布线 水平布线系统主要包括从现场设备到中心主机的走线路由，水平配线系统的总体施工要求如下： （1）布线过程中缆线的施工应尽量避免扭绞、打圈接头等现象，不应受到外力的挤压和损伤； （2）线路的走线要作好外观防护、防雨、防火、防鼠。户内使用线槽保护，户外线管保护。缆线两端应贴有标签，应标明编号，标签书写应清晰、端正和正确； （3）缆线终接后，应有余量，水平配线系统在设备端预留的线长为30cm-80cm，管理配线端预留的线长为3-5m；各种端接设备应接触良好； 3、设备中心 （1）设备中心布线主要包括监控中心的走线路由，施工要求如下： （2）设备间应提供不少于一个220V、10A带保护接地的单相电源插座。 （3）设备工作台及控制箱安装完毕后，垂直偏差度应不大于3mm，安装位置应符合设计要求。 （4）各种设备安装符合有关规定的技术要求。 4、前端设备的安装 （1）一般要求 ①按安装图纸进行安装。 ②安装前应对所装设备通电检查。 ③安装质量应符合《电气装置安装工程及验收规范》的要求。 （2）摄像机的安装 ①安装前应对摄像机进行检测和调整，使摄像处于正常工作状态。 ②摄像机应牢固地安装在云台上或固定位置上，所留尾线长度以不影响摄像机为宜，尾线须加保护措施。 ③摄像机安装过程中尽可能避免逆光摄像。

视频监控系统施工方案58310

XXXXXXX项目视频监控系统施工方案 2012-8-20

目录 第三章视频监控施工方案 (2) 3.1工程的施工技术、施工方法、工艺流程 (2) 3.1.1施工程序 (2) 3.1.2主要施工方法 (2) 3.1.2.1系统安装 (2) 3.1.2.2系统的调试 (4) 3.1.2.3系统试运行 (5) 3.1.3施工进度计划、工期安排 (5) 3.1.3.1工程材料采购、进场计划表 (5) 3.1.3.2施工进度计划、工期安排 (6) 3.2安防系统项目组与相关方面的配合 (6) 3.2.1与业主方面的配合 (7) 3.2.2与土建总包方面的配合 (7) 3.2.3与行业管理部门方面的配合 (8) 3.2.4与其他具体专业的施工配合 (8) 第四章施工组织配备 (8) 4.1投入人员组成 (9) 4.1.1项目经理部 (9) 4.2.3工程结尾 (10)

第三章视频监控施工方案 3.1工程的施工技术、施工方法、工艺流程 3.1.1施工程序 线缆敷设→设备安装→设备调试→投入试运行→竣工资料整理→验收交付使用 3.1.2主要施工方法 3.1.2.1系统安装 按照施工技术图的要求，明确安防系统中各种设备与摄像机的安装位置，明确各位置的设备型号和安装尺寸，根据供应商提供的产品样本确定安装要求。 根据安防系统设备供应商提供的技术参数，配合土建做好各设备安装所需的预埋和预留位置。 根据安防系统设备供应商提供的技术参数和施工设计图纸的要求。配置供电线路和接地装置。 摄像机应安装在监视目标附近，不易受外界损伤的地方。其安装位置不易影响现场设备和工作人员的正常活动。通常最低安装高度室内为2.50米，室外3.50米。 摄像机的镜头应从光源方向对准监视目标，镜头应避免受强光直射。 摄像机采用75Ω-5同轴视频电缆，云台控制箱与视频矩阵主机之间连线采用2芯屏蔽通讯线缆（RVVP）或3类双绞线。

施工现场视频监控系统方案

序言. 二、系统功能及组成 2.1 系统组成 2.2、系统功能说明 2.3 监控安装位置范围示意表三、系统结构示意图及器材四、质量保证和售后服务现场监控装置布置示意图

一、序言 1.1随着社会经济的不断进步、发展，人们对安全生产的要求以越来越高。如何才能安全、高效的生产、生活，以越来越受到各行各业的关注，视频监控系统作为有效的防护措施和科学的、先进的管理系统已经越来越受到人们的欢迎。 在建筑行业中，施工人员的人身安全，工地的建筑材料、设备等财产的保全尤为重要。但是，由于施工环境的限制，设备、材料的安全管理不完善及部分员工的自我防护意识的薄弱，为犯罪分子提供了可乘之机。为了建筑工地安全管理进一步完善，我项目部计划在施工现场建立视频监控系统。 1.2工程概况 本工程为戎德园工程，总建筑面积为38351.91平方米，住宅基底总建筑面积为1386.07平方米。1号楼地上建筑面积为15794.55m基底面积为647.08m, A1单元为地下1层，地上27层，高度为79.2m,A2单元为地下1层，地上25层，高度为 73.4m。2号楼地上建筑面积为8234.03应基底面积为 377.86 m,地下1层，地上23层,高度为67.6m3号楼地上建筑面积为8508.09 2 2 m,基底面积为361.13 m，地下1层，地上25层，高度为73.4m 二、系统功能及组成 2.1系统组成 系统由前端图像信号采集、图像信号及控制信号中间传输、中心图像切换控制三部分组成。结构示意图如下； 2.2 、系统功能说明 1. 我项目部计划在施工现场安装五台带全方位云台、室外防护罩及带自动光圈镜头一体化摄像机，通过监控中心键盘、鼠标操作，可实现云台的上下、左右，镜头的远近、自动长短焦，光圈大小操作，实现对施工现场及人员的

办公楼视频监控系统施工组织设计方案

三、技术部分 目录 第1章概述 (3) 1.1 工程概况 (3) 1.2 工程特点 (6) 1.3 工程项目管理体制 (7) 1.4 工程项目施工流程图 (7) 1.5 工程分解 (9) 1.6 工程实施进度计划 (10) 第2章施工布署 (11) 2.1 施工组织机构 (11) 2.1.1 施工管理组织图 (11) 2.1.2 管理岗位主要职责描述 (12) 2.2 施工准备 (12) 2.2.1 有关规范和标准 (12) 2.2.2 深化设计 (13) 2.2.3 技术交底 (14) 2.2.4 编制施工预算 (14) 2.2.5 施工现场准备 (14) 2.2.6 人力、物力资源准备 (14) 2.2.7 其他方面的准备 (15) 第3章施工目标及保证措施 (15) 3.1 工期目标及保证措施 (15) 3.1.1 工期目标 (15) 3.1.2 施工进度保证措施 (15) 3.2 质量目标及保证措施 (17) 3.2.1 施工质量目标 (17) 3.2.2 施工质量保证措施 (17) 3.3 安全目标及文明施工保证措施 (19) 3.3.1 施工安全目标 (19) 3.3.2 施工安全保证措施 (19) 3.3.3 文明施工保证措施 (20) 第4章施工技术方案 (20) 4.1 施工实施程序 (20) .1 施工准备阶段 (21) 4.1.2 施工安装阶段 (21) 4.1.3 施工测试阶段 (21) 4.1.4 系统竣工验收阶段 (21) 4.2 现场配合和协调 (22) 4.2.1 与甲方的协调配合 (22) 4.2.2 与监理方的协调配合 (22)

4.3 施工工艺主要控制点及要求 (23) 4.3.1 施工材料进场控制措施 (23) 4.3.2 电气线路敷设要求 (23) 4.3.3 主要设备安装要求 (25) 4.4 施工质量验收 (25) 4.5 系统测试与验收 (26) 4.5.1 线缆测试 (26) 4.5.2 系统预验收 (26) 4.5.3 施工缺陷的修复 (26) 4.6 系统竣工验收 (27) 4.6.1 竣工验收申请 (27) 4.6.2 单项工程验收 (27) 4.6.3 全部工程验收 (28) 第5章施工项目管理 (29) 5.1 施工信息管理 (29) 5.1.1 施工准备文档的管理 (29) 5.1.2 施工过程文档的管理 (30) 5.1.3 竣工验收文档的管理 (30) 5.2 施工组织管理 (31) 5.3 施工现场材料管理 (31) 第6章回访保修管理 (33) 6.1 项目回访 (33) 6.2 维护服务 (33) 第7章承诺书 (34)

顺德区建筑施工现场视频监控系统最低技术要求

附件1： 顺德区建筑施工现场视频监控系统最低技术要求 一、摄像机要求： （一）摄像机安装数量应尽量满足监控视野覆盖整个施工项目，且每个施工项目至少应安装3路摄像机。对大型或复杂施工项目，以及设置2个或以上工程运输车辆出入口的施工项目，摄像机安装数量应相应增加。其中每个工程运输车辆出口应对应设置1路室外型红外摄像机。 （二）全部摄像机清晰度均必须达到CIF352X288以上，并均应具备防水、防尘、云台控制功能。 （三）安装位置分别为施工现场最高设备（如塔式起重机）较高点处1台、整个项目平面45度两对角点的较高点各1台。安装位置均应选取反映整个项目施工情况的最合理有利位置，应保证能同时清晰显示整个项目全部工程运输车辆出口处的工程运输车辆洗车措施落实情况，并应保证能清晰显示深基坑、高大模板支撑系统和项目的主体结构的施工状况。安装高度应考虑满足施工全过程需要，且保证能清晰显示主要监控对象。 （四）安装位置最高的其中两路应为光学变焦20倍以上的室外球型摄像机，其余应为室外型红外摄像机或光学变焦20倍以上的室外球型摄像机。 二、硬盘录像机要求： （一）硬盘录像机必须支持远程录像、回放等基本功能控制； （二）硬盘录像机视频数据、云台控制数据必须采用TCP协议传输； （三）硬盘录像机的WEB端口统一设置为：85，数据端口统一设置为：5222； （四）硬盘录像机硬盘空间不小于250G；

（五）采用我区系统平台目前兼容的嵌入式硬盘录像机品牌：海康威视（杭州）、图敏（深圳）、维尔特（广州）、大华（杭州）。 三、路由器要求 路由器必须具备DDNS功能。 四、宽带网络要求： 宽带网络必须支持公网(web)访问，可咨询电信、联通、网通、铁通等宽带网络供应商。 五、安装要求 （一）安装拆除人员应同时具备安全生产监督管理部门颁发的电工作业证和高处作业证。 （二）视频监控管理系统的安装拆除施工必须遵循国家相关技术标准，并切实做好防雷和接地。 （三）施工垂直运输设备安装前对线缆布放应具备合理解决方案，塔式起重机应配装自动放线装置，防止塔式起重机顶升时拉扯或缠绕线缆。 （四）禁止在施工垂直运输设备上安装视频监控管理系统时损坏施工垂直运输设备结构，包括烧焊、打孔等，且不应影响施工垂直运输设备作业人员的活动和施工垂直运输设备的加高。 六、系统接入费 各项目视频监控信号接入区建设局监控平台，由广州市华软科技发展有限公司负责技术接入、调试与维护。广州市华软科技发展有限公司对每个项目向建设单位一次性收取费用300元。 七、技术咨询 顺德区建设局联系人：郑素明；联系电话：22836515； 广州市华软科技发展有限公司联系人：冯军；联系电话：（020）85566580。

视频监控系统施工组织设计方案

5.1 工程概况 5.1.1 项目概述 为了有效便捷的实现某基地高清视频监控系统及公寓楼人脸识别门禁系统的实际需求，综合 现代化、智能化、一体化的管理理念。在视频监控系统方面，构建一套“数字化、网络化、全方位”统一的运行管理平台；在人脸识别门禁系统方面，构建一套安全性能较高、使用性能较为便捷、管理方式较为舒适的现代化人脸识别门禁系统。以此，提升某基地的安全防范等级，从而降低安全事件的发生，以便达成“系统集成一体化、信息存储网络化、维护管理智能化” 的目标。 具体工程设计涵盖以下两个方面： （1）某基地大门口、主干道、停车场、公寓及食堂四周安装视频监控。4、5号公寓楼现有 的模拟视频监控系统全部更换为高清网络视频监控系统，初步规划每个楼层按照3个点位进 行安装设计，共计36个。并统一由各楼层三级汇聚点并入各自二级汇聚层。室外14个监控点、4、5号公寓楼36个监控点，共计50个点位（枪机：13台；球机：1台；半球机：36台）。 （2）公寓楼安装人脸识别门禁系统：新建两套铝合金材质全玻璃型的4开门，并于该基础上各自新安装3套人脸识别门禁系统，从而实现对公寓楼出入人员的可行性、安全化管理。新 建人脸识别门禁系统主要采用统一联网模式。 ●视频监控系统现状 某基地自建立以来，对于视频监控安全防范方面均是空白阶段，未能建立安全有效的安防系统，而仅仅存在模拟监控系统的4、5号公寓楼由于长时间无人维护、设备老化、故障率频发等现象急需更换高清网络摄像机。另外该某基地处于某基地市开发区域、人烟稀少、周围均 无安全防范系统、入室盗窃案件多发、隐蔽性盲区较多等诸多方面造就了构建高清网络监控 系统的发展需求。现场迫切需要构建新的视频监控系统，从而针对该基地一直存在监控盲区、隐患频发处及基地主要通道、停车场、活动广场更好的管理需求，构建高清网络安全防范系 统势在必行。 ●公寓楼门禁系统现状 1、某基地公寓楼现今居住的员工涉及多个部门、人员流动性较大、管理难度较为复杂、外 访人员随意出入现象频繁，在很大程度上，给予员工日常生活作息带来了诸多的不安全性因素；从而增加了物业管理的难度。 2、某基地公寓楼现有的门禁系统属于单纯的红外感应门禁系统，无需识别人员身份随意进 出的模式；另外依托现有的大厅安保人员登记访问模式早已经不能够满足该生活区域发展的 实际需求。 3、现代化门禁系统技术早已日趋成熟并安全护航各行业、各种领域，依据陇东生产科研基 础公寓楼的实际状况，结合现代化门禁系统的技术手段，建议规划并安装人脸识别门禁系统 模式，从而便利于公寓楼内员工安全、便捷的生活。 5.1.3 设计原则 《民用建筑电气设计规范》 JGJ 16-2008 《综合布线系统工程设计规范》GB 50311-2007

施工现场智能化管理及视频监控系统设计方案

特格尔健康产业园工程 监 控 系 统 实 施 方 案 编制人： 审核人： 批准人： 施工单位：湖南省工业设备安装有限公司

编制日期：2015年12月07日

目录 1 概述 (1) 2、工程概况 (1) 3 系统介绍 (2)

1 概述 建筑行业是一个安全事故多发的行业。目前，工程建设规模不断扩大，工艺流程纷繁复杂，如何搞好现场施工现场管理，控制事故发生频率，一直是施工企业、政府管理部门关注的焦点。利用现代科技，优化施工现场管理和监控手段，实现实时的、全过程的、不间断的安全管理是建筑行业施工管理的发展趋势。 本项目总建筑面积7.9万平方，施工现场划分为两个标段施工。现场情况比较复杂，应用现代科技和先进管理手段，利用人管加技管的方式能够更好的对本项目施工现场进行管理。 根据现场实际情况和现场管理需求，本项目施工现场智能化管理和现场监控主要分两个方面来实施。 第一是对施工现场人员的管理，即对人员出入和上下班进行刷卡考核。 第二是对施工现场进行现场监控，利用电子监控设备对主要场所进行监控，预防事故发生。 2、工程概况 2.1.总体概况 2.1.1工程名称：特格尔健康产业园 2.1.2建设地点：长沙市芙蓉区东岸乡张公岭村，纬一路与京珠高速西辅道交汇处 2.1.3建设单位：特格尔医药集团股份有限公司 2.1.4监理单位：湖南和天工程项目管理有限责任公司 2.1.5设计单位：长沙市建筑设计院有限责任公司 2.1.6施工单位：湖南省工业设备安装有限公司 2.1.7建设规模：本项目包括1#云e综合楼、2#医药厂房、3#医药厂房、4#配套用房和6#门卫室，总建筑面积71094㎡。具体建筑规模如下表所示：

变电站视频监控系统施工方案

***110kV变电站视频监控系统工程项目管理实施规划/施工组织设计 施工单位（章） ________年____月____日

批准：____________ ________年____月____日 审核：____________ ________年____月____日 编写：____________ ________年____月____ 目录 一、工程概况和特点 (5) 1.1工程概况 (5) 1.2工程性质及特点 (5)

1.4施工目标工期 (5) 二、施工组织 (6) 2.1 施工办法 (6) 2.1.1 工程管理流程 (6) 2.1.2 工程施工图设计 (7) 2.1.3 工程施工与土建在时间进度上的配合 (7) 2.1.4 工程协调与交叉作业 (8) 2.2 技术措施 (9) 2.2.1安全防范系统 (9) 2.3工程质量保证体系及措施 (10) 2.3.1质量标准目标： (10) 2.3.2质量检查程序： (10) 2.3.3 质量保证控制措施： (12) 2.3.4 检验试验设备表 (15) 2.4 安全生产及文明施工措施 (15) 2.4.1 安全生产技术措施 (15) 2.5 现场施工平面图 (16) 三、拟投入技术力量 (17) 3.1 项目管理机构配备情况 (17) 3.1.1项目管理及工程技术人员的配备组成 (17) 3.1.2项目管理及工程技术人员的人员简历表 (18) 3.1.3 项目管理机构各主要岗位职责、质量责任 (19) 四、工程施工依据及安装规范 (21) 五、总体进度计划及措施 (22) 5.1 进度计划编制说明 (22) 5.2 主要工程内容的先后次序及搭接关系 (22) 5.3 工程总进度计划网络 (23) 六、验收方案 (23) 6.1工程验收的标准 (23)