英美社会与文化试题参考答案(仅供参考)

1.what are the general features of Britain`s independent schools？

An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding, predominantly in the form of school fees. In England and Wales the term public school is often used to refer to what is normally called in other countries a "private" school, a term which originally referred to those schools named in the Public Schools Act 1868. These schools themselves tend to prefer the term "independent school".

2.why is the United States regarded as a "melting pot" and a "salad"？

The melting pot is a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements "melting together" into a harmonious whole with a common culture. It is particularly used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States; the melting-together metaphor was in use by the 1780s.

After 1970 the desirability of assimilation and the melting pot model was challenged by proponents of multiculturalism, who assert that cultural differences within society are valuable and should be preserved, proposing the alternative metaphor of the salad bowl –different cultures mix, but remain distinct.

3.why did America change its policy and enter world war two?

Because the Great Depression lead a worldwide warfare crisis . But in the face of the Warfare crisis，the thinking of isolationism and anthropocentrism filled the society of America,most of American pay no attention on the war of other countries. It was until March of 1941 when the warfare fo west Europe is become incandescent the Capitol Hill adopt the Act of Lease. This marked US was no longer neutral state but a member of Allies. Than the Pearl Harbor incident finally made the United States enter The World War II on the side of the Allies.

4.what were Nixon's well-known contributions during his presidency?

Nixon is noted for his diplomatic foreign policy, especially with the Soviet Union and China, and his efforts to end the Vietnam War. He is also noted for his middle-of-the-road domestic policy that combined conservative rhetoric and, in many cases, liberal action, as in his environmental policy.

As president, Nixon imposed wage and price controls, indexed Social Security for inflation, and created Supplemental Security Income. The number of pages added to the Federal Register each year doubled under Nixon. He advocated gun control, reduced speed limits, and eradicated the last remnants of the gold standard. Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration and implemented the Philadelphia Plan, the first significant federal affirmative action program.

5.what was the cause of the American civil war?

1. Economic and social differences between the North and the South.

2. States versus federal rights

3. The fight between Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents.

4. Growth of the Abolition Movement.

5. The election of Abraham Lincoln.

6.what are the two characteristics of the U.S construction?

the Statue of Liberty The Capitol

7.what are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively? Senator:1) each senator must be at least 30 years old, 2) must have been a citizen of the United States for at least the past nine years, and 3) must be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of

the state he or she seeks to represent.

Each representative must: (1) be at least twenty-five years old; (2) have been a citizen of the United States for the past seven years; and (3) be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state they represent.

8.what are the Major powers of the supreme court?

The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States, and leads the federal judiciary. It consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices, who are nominated by the President and confirmed with the "advice and consent" of the Senate. Justices serve "during good Behaviour," which terminates at death, resignation, retirement, or conviction on impeachment. The Court meets in Washington, D.C. in the United States Supreme Court building. The Supreme Court is primarily an appellate court, but has original jurisdiction in a small number of cases.

9.how does an American university choose its applicants?

It will through some aspects：transcript，academic performance，extra-curricular achievements，personnel，inherence，artistic skills

10.what are the origins of thanksgiving day?

Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American holiday, which is a form of harvest festival. The date and whereabouts of the first Thanksgiving celebration is a topic of modest contention, though the earliest attested Thanksgiving celebration was on September 8, 1565 in what is now Saint Augustine, Florida. Despite any scholarly research to the contrary, however, the traditional "first Thanksgiving" presented by Chief Massasoit is venerated as having occurred at the site of Plymouth Plantation, in 1621.

11.what is the essence of American puritanism?

1，puritanism is a strict religious doctrine.

2, puritanism also has practical aspects. Puritans have to work hard, and prepare for the obstacles they will meet in their life.

American puritanism contains origional sin, predestination,total depravity，limited atonement of God's grace

12.what is the lost generation?

The Lost Generation is a term used to refer to a collective group of artists and writers who settled in Europe in the wake of the First World War. Members of the Lost Generation lived in Europe in the 1920s and early 1930s, and they had a profound impact on society and the arts. This generation is referred to as “lost” not because it has faded from memory, but because the individuals in the Lost Generation often expressed a sense of emotional confusion, feeling lost in their own society.

13.what are the characteristics of American writing during the romantic period? reaction against logic and reason; antiscientific in its bent; faith in something inherently good and transcendent in the human spirit in no need of salvation, but rather in need of awakening..."

In this romantic period, writers put more emphasis on moral enthusiasm, and their masterpieces were full of passion, emotion, fancy and imagination. They also had a faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, they displayed personalities, express feelings and ideas, emphasize men’s rights for freedom and happiness.

For their part human nature is of good will. Men can learn the world through their own ability, conscience and intuition. The romantic showed a deep admiration and love for nature. They

praised America’s landscape of its primitive forests, meadows, vast plains, seas and blue oceans. The beauty and perfection of nature could enable them to have unutterable joy and exuberance. And nature was regarded as a source of goodness while man’s societies a source of corruption. Writers like Freneau, Cooper and Bryant took a great interest in external nature in their respective works.

14.state the background for the American civil rights movement.

The Civil Rights Movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to primarily African American citizens of United States. There have been many movements on behalf of other groups in the U.S. over time, but the term is often used to refer to the struggles between 1955 and 1968 to end discrimination against African-Americans and to end racial segregation, especially in the U.S. South. See African American for information on how various terms have been used at that time period for African Americans.

15.make comments on women's liberation movement.

The changes women worked for included changes in economic practices, such as not only asking equal work, but also equal opportunity for jobs in fields such as science and technology, management and politics.

They wanted changes in social practices and attitudes which would acknowledge that women were not inferior to men in intelligence or ability

Legal segregation ended in the South as a result of the civil rights movement.The women's movement continues to gain more rights and opportunities for women.

The social movements of the 1960s had a strong effect on the way people think and caused changes in many laws.

16.what is the lvy league?name at least 4 of its members.

The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The term is most commonly used to refer to those eight schools considered as a group. The term also has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and a reputation for social elitism.

Brown University

Harvard University

Yale University

Columbia University

英美社会与文化考试复习题.docx

英美社会与文化复习题 L Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. The two main islands of the British Isles are Samuel Johnson's dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of ___________ ? A. grammar B. handwriting C. spelling D. pronunciation At present, nearly ________ of the worlds population communicate in English. A. half B ? a quarter C. one third D. one fifth attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410. A. Norman B. Danish C. Celtic D. Germanic became the dominant religion in England? B. Anglo-Saxon Christianity D. Roman Christianity Westminster Abbey was built at the time of A. St. Augustine C ? William the Conqueror The _______ marked the establishment of feudalism in England. A ? Viking invasion B. signing of the Magna Carta C- Norman Conquest D ? Adoption of common law The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of . D. the House of Lancaster The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIIFs effort to A. divorce his wife B. break with Rome C. support the Protestants D. declare his supreme power over the church The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between ________ ? A ? Protestants and Puritans B. Royalists and Parliamentarians A. Great Britain and Ireland B. Great Britain and Scotland C. Great Britain and Wales D. Great Britain and England _______ is the capital city of Scotiand. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over A.160 B.600 C. 60 C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff million. D. 16 is the smallest. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, A. England B. Scotland C. Wales Almost a quarter of the British population lives in ________ England. A. northeastern B. southeastern C. northwestern D. Northern Ireland D. southwestern English belongs to the _______ group of Indo-European family of languages. A. Celtic B. Indo-Iranian C. Germanic D ? Roman The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of English. A. Danish and Finnish B. Dutch and German words to C. French and Italian D. Latin and Greek The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the ______ B. Dutch C. German A. Norman influence. D. Danish The By the late 7th century, A. Celtic Christianity C ? Germanic Christianity B. Edward the Confessor D. Alfred the Great A. the House of Valois B. the House of York C ? the House of Tudor

一个同济女大学生的求职忠告

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同济大学 电子商务 重点 期末

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一个同济女大学生的求职忠告

一个同济女大学生的求职忠告

擅长的事情-读书。现在想起来，当时太不了解自己。呵呵。我们寝室4个女生，两个决定考研并且每天早出晚归，整天也见不到人。我决定效仿她们，每天大包小包的拎着啃书。不喜欢终究是不喜欢，2个月以后，我在镜子面前看到一个憔悴的自己，想起我这些日子以来的生活状态，究竟是为了什么？我不是一个聪明的小孩，我没有本领过目不忘，我又没有自己想象的那么勤奋，我怕这怕那，天哪，忽然觉得，自己一无是处。。。 2004年9月，我很没志气放弃了考研。 两个字，怕苦。 2004年9月，我在51job上填了我完整的信息，等待工作的降临。 2004年9月中旬，我的第一份实习经验开始了。。。 2004年9月中旬，一个很甜美的声音从我的手机传来，约我在徐家汇美罗城面试。我无比激动地。。真的是我比激动地。。。去借了正装，提早了半个多小时到。到了以后我才发现，是一家人寿保险公司。那个面试我的经理居然是同济毕业的，有些人就是有这种魅力，寥寥几句话，

就让周围的人围着转。像我这样没见过世面的人，轻易的，魂就被勾走了。在我走出那里的时候，我已经答应要留下来做做看了。我没有考证，所以不可以接单，我就是在里面接触他们是怎样工作的。接下来的1个多月里，我亲眼看到一群斗志高昂的人在没有任何签单以后是如何被经理骂的狗血林头。我也亲眼看到，上海滩上一些有钱人的嘴脸。说实在的，以前我是鄙视做保险的人的，我认为他们素质低下只会粘人。现在，我对他们多了一份理解。并且，他们之中确实有就算是放到任何行业也光彩夺目的精英。 也许是看出了我不是这块料，一个月以后，我被委婉的驱逐了。呵呵。我是高兴的走的，走了以后还在徐家汇逛了一圈。第一次社会经历，让我很真实的触摸到了钱和人的关系。 2004年10月中旬，我迎来了第二次实习，我的一个同学的姐姐，在某知名相机公司做广告的，很急要找人来帮忙处理一个他们举办的赛事。一行找了好几个想我这般年纪的小孩，做的工作无非是更新数据库之类的。我当时是抱着希望，最好做着做着就能留下来的。结果两个礼拜以后，赛事结束，我被驱逐了。。。我拿到了600

《英美社会与文化》教学内容框架

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