Unit 6 非谓语动词

第四节非谓语动词

1.套装一不被限定的不定式to+动词原形动词不定式能够在很多地方发挥各种功能，如能够用

来当主语或宾语，相当于名词；也能用来修饰名词，就是说，不定式也能发挥形容词的功能；不定式还能够修饰动词，所以还具有副词的功能。由于功能多样，无法确切命名，所以叫做“不定式”。在英语中称为infinitive，就是源于不定式“不被限定”的性质。

1)不定式的句法功能：

?名词功能:

To know oneself is difficult.

I want to read this book.

My only hope is to continue my study.

『“wh_ + 不定式”的名词功能』He is learning how to swim.

I don’t know what to do and where

to go.

?形容词功能：

I have no friend (to advise me).

?副词功能：

He came [to see me].

I get up early [(in order) to be in time] for the

first train.

One morning he awoke [to find himself famous].

He worked hard [only to fail].

I was surprised [to see Tim at home].

I would be happy [to go with you].

English is hard [to learn].

2)不定式的逻辑主语

?for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式（表事物特征、特点）：It is impossible for you to solve the

question.

?of + 逻辑主语 + 不定式（表人物性格品德）:I t is kind of you to say so.

3)不带to的动词不定式

?感官动词:I have heard him sing.

?使役动词 make, have, let: What makes you think so?

?习惯不带to的不定式用法: She did nothing but cry. I can’t but laugh.

4)不定式常见句型：

He is (far) too young to understand.=He is so young that he cannot understand it.

He is rich enough to buy a new car. =He is so rich that he can buy a new car.

【考点解析】积累固定搭配

>>>真题链接>>>

2011.6-21. I am very sorry _______ you such a lot of trouble by the delayed shipment.

A) caused B) causing C) to have caused D) to be caused 2009.12-17. She didn’t know ______ to express her ideas in English clearly in public.

A) without B) why C) what D) how

2009.6-24. The auto industry汽车业 spends large amounts of money on marketing campaigns 营销活动 __ young adult customers.

A) attract B) attracted C) to attract D) attracts

2.套装二像护士服一样鲜明的动名词动词原形+ing

1)动名词的句法功能：

?作主语：

Reading is my favorite.

Reading novels is my favorite.

Getting up early in the morning is good for

health.

?作宾语：

She likes playing the piano.

She went out without saying goodbye.

2)动名词的逻辑主语动名词的逻辑主语用所有格表示。

I don’t like my sister’s going to such a place. Their coming to help

encouraged all of us.

3)动名词习惯用法

There is no account ing for tastes. It is no use/good cry ing over spilt milk.

This book is worth read ing.

【考点解析】介词后的动名词宾语

>>>真题链接>>>

2011.6-33. Only after they had performed hundreds of experiments did they succeed in (solve) _____ the problem.

2010.12-34. Please read through the information below before (fill) _________ in your application.

2009.12-32. I shall appreciate your effort in (correct) _____this error in my bank account as soon as possible.

2009.6-32. The new university graduate is confident of (win) _______ the post as the assistant to the managing director.

2008.12-16. Allan is looking forward to ________ his American partner at the trade air.

A) meet B) meeting C) be meeting D) having met

3.套装三负责小部分任务的分词动词+ing，动词+ed

1)现在分词 v.+ ing: 进行主动过去分词 v. +ed: 完成被动

2)分词的用法

①作定语单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后。

A (barking) dog seldom bites. 吠犬不咬人。

A (watched) pot never boils. 心急锅不开。

The man (speaking to the teacher) is my father.

What’s the language (spoken in that country)?

②作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，主语多为物；过去分词

表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。

The music is pleasing to the ear.

They are satisfied with their present job.

She is very excited about winning the first prize.

Transformer is really an exciting film; I love it!

③作状语分词作状语一般均要用逗号同其他成分隔开，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让

步、伴随等。

Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.

Give n more time, I’ll be able to do better.

The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.

Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.

★分词作状语时，可以在分词前加while, when, once, although, until, if, before, after 等连词。

When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.

While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work.

On hearting the news, they set off for Beijing immediately.

【考点解析】作定语时于被修饰词的关系、时态判断

>>>真题链接>>>

2012.6-21. _____ great losses in the financial crisis, the company closed down last year.

A) Being suffered B) To suffer C) Having suffered D)

Suffered

2011.6-23. If you turn to the right at the corner, you’ll find a path _____ to the historical building.

A) lead B) leading C) to lead D) leads

2010.6-32. It was reported that the (injure) ________ people were taken to the hospital immediately after the accident.

2009.6-28. We must keep the manager (inform) ______ of the advertising campaign. 2008.12-22. The scientists wanted to keep people ______ about the breakthrough in their experiment.

A) inform B) informed C) informing D) to inform

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pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day. 4、疑问词+ 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. 5、动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting. 6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.

非谓语动词(完整版)

非谓语动词(完整版) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______， he gladly accepted it. A．finished B．finishing C．having finished D．was finished 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意John接到一张宴会的邀请，他的工作已经完成，他高兴地接受了。这里含有with复合结构，动作finish与his work之间是被动关系，故用过去分词，选A。 考点：考查with复合结构,X,K] 2．A hearty laugh relieves physical tension, _____your muscles relaxed for over half an hour. A．to leave B．left C．leaving D．leave 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：开怀大笑可以缓解身体紧张，至少可以使你的肌肉放松半小时。分析句子可知，空格处做伴随状语。且与逻辑主语laugh构成主动关系，所以用现在分词。故选C。 3．I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired. A．take B．taking C．to take D．taken 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：我停下车来休息一会儿，因为我感觉累了。此处动词不定式表目的，故选C。 【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 4．The lecture, _______at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A．starting B．being started C．to start D．to be started 【答案】A 【解析】 选A start与逻辑主语the lecture之间为主动关系，故排除B、D两项。不定式作定语时，常表示动作尚未发生，故排除C项，此处用现在分词作后置定语，表示主动。 第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing形式/不定式的完成式；如果同时进行用v.-ing形式或不定式的进行式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式的一般式。

第六讲非谓语动词和with复合结构

第六讲非谓语动词与with复合结构 设计：何大幼编写时间：2014 一、命题规律[P13] 每年的湖南高考3道非谓语动词的试题在同一套试卷中的考点是不会重复的。另外，2012年出现了不定式的被动体。所以，编者预测2013年的高考可能出现非谓语动词的完成体或被动体，或者这两者的结合；又或者把其与with的复合结构结合在一起考查。 二、真题透析[P13] 1. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ______ to achieve the final success. (2012·湖南卷21) A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do 2. Time, ______ correctly, is money in the bank. (2012·湖南卷23) A. to use B. used C. using D. use 3. The lecture, ______ at 7: 00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. (2012·湖南卷31) A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started 三、考点诠释[P13] Ⅰ.非谓语动词 考点1：非谓语动词的逻辑主语 ______ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.(2012·陕西卷15) A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand 1. It's ＋adj. ＋for / of sb. to do sth.句型中的不定式的逻辑主语为_______。 2. 非谓语动词作状语时，他们的逻辑主语一般是_____________。当非谓语动词的动作由句子主语发出时，非谓语动词用_________(主动/被动)形式；当非谓语动词的动作是句子主语所承受时，用过去分词或不定式、动词的-ing形式的___________(主动/被动)形式。 3. “代词主格或名词的普通格＋非谓语动词”构成独立主格结构。非谓语动词逻辑主语为__________。 4．动名词复合结构由“物主代词或名词所有格＋动名词”构成独立主格结构。这种结构既可用作主语，也可用作宾语，但作宾语时，还可用代词宾格或“名词普通格＋动名词”结构。 5．不定式的复合结构：______________________。

初中英语语法专题六——非谓语动词

初中英语语法专题六——非谓语动词 本课重点：1.非谓语动词复习； 2.2011年全国各地110份中考英语试题解析版汇编之一单项选择——非谓语动词； 3.词汇积累 名言警句：Practise what you preach. 严于律己，宽于待人。 非谓语动词复习中考非谓语动词语法网络结构图 一、非谓语动词的概说

二、动词后接不定式和动名词的区别（补充书上知识） 1. like to do sth. 表示心理或一次性的具体动作like doing sth. 表示习惯性动作（类似的还有love, hate） 2. begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth. 1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？ 2)begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。 3)在begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。I begin to understand the truth。 4)物作主语时It began to melt. 3. 感官动词+ doing/to do 感官动词see, watch, , notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） 典型例题 1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。 2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river. A. playing B.to be playing C. play D. to play 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型 间接宾语指用作宾语的是人，直接宾语则指物，两者都作为某个动词的宾语，因此位置可以互换。如： give me the book 间接宾语为“me”,直接宾语为“the book”，都用作“give”的宾语，也可说give the book to me teach him a lesson 间接“him”，直接“a lesson”，用作“teach”的宾语,也可说teach a lesson to him 宾语补足语就是跟在宾语后面起补充说明的成分，但不用作宾语，位置不能抽换。还是用回刚才的例子： give me the book to return it to the library 补充说明的部分是哪些呢？对了，就是“to return it to the library”：“把书给我，我要拿去还给图书馆。”“我要拿去还给图书馆”就是补充说明为什么要“把书给我”的理由。 teach him a lesson to shut him up中的“to shut him up”也是补足成分：好好教训他一顿，让他住嘴。 2011年全国各地110份中考英语试题解析版汇编之一单项选择——非谓语动词 39. 【2011·福州中考】—Don’t forget _____ your history and politics books tomorrow morning. —Thanks. I won’t. A. bring B. to bring C. bringing 42.【2011·福州中考】— We all like Miss Wang. — I agree with you. She always makes her English classes ______. A. interested B. interest C. interesting 【2011浙江杭州】24. Nick, would you mind ______ those old jeans? They look terrible. A. not to wear B. not wear C. wearing not D. not wearing 【2011山东潍坊】29. The new treatments ______by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers. A. invent B. invents C, inventing D. invented 【2011邵阳】28. I spent a lot of time ______ English last weekend. A. to practice speaking B. practicing to speak C. practicing speaking 【2011广安市】31.－What do you usually do at weekends?－I often practice ____English.

非谓语动词翻译练习

非谓语动词翻译练习： I. Complete the sentences. 1) Success means ___________________________________________(非常努力地工作). 2) John meant ____________________________________(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障). 3) I heard him ______________________________________________(在跟他的母亲谈话). 4) I heard him ______________________________________________(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时). 5) He jumped into the pool to save the child ______________________________________ (结果却摔断了自己的腿). 6) He jumped from the burning house, __________________________________(摔断了双腿). 7) He was happy _____________________________________________________(看到父母很健康). 8) _______________________________________(看到父母安然无恙), he issued a sigh of relief. 9) ________________________(跟随着它的脚印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda. 10) The pop, _______________________________(后面跟着两个保镖), came to meet his fans. II. Translate the Chinese into English. (请在句子划线部分使用非谓语动词或者独立主格结构) 1、我钱不够，不能买这房子。 2、我比你强，我会跑得比你快。 3、发现屋里没人，他便留了一张纸条。 4、经理设法用蹩脚的英语让别人明白了他的意思。