高考英语新名词知识点易错题汇编及解析

高考英语新名词知识点易错题汇编及解析

一、选择题

1．He gained ______ to this university

A．permission B．accommodation C．scholarship D．admission

2．He stood at the water’s ____________ and looked across the lake.

A．edge B．course C．exit

3．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________.

A．discount B．dictation C．favor

4．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value

5．Space exploration provides a ______ of national pride.

A．reason B．portrait C．statue D．symbol

6．Tony put on soft music and turned down the lights in order to give a more relaxed ____ at home.

A．view B．attitude C．style D．atmosphere

7．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster

8．No ______ has proved that eating too much is the main cause of the weight problem. A．doubt B．wonder C．evidence D．belief

9．I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at my first

__________.

A．attempt B．experiment

C．flight D．glance

10．Being a soldier, he has a strong sense of ________.

A．desire B．discipline C．force D．privacy 11．Charles Darwin explained the ________ of species on earth in his book that came out in1859. A．ancestor B．origin C．belief D．custom

12．The _____on his face suggested that he was extremely angry.

A．impression B．sight C．appearance D．expression 13．China is a racially mixed country, in which various ethnic(民族) groups bring their own unique flavors to each corner of the country, which adds ________ people's table.

A．to great variety of B．great variety to

C．to a great variety of D．the great variety to

14．American English has so many_________because the American people have come from all over the world.

A．grammar B．vocabulary C．pronunciations D．dialects

15．Jane is nice but she has a ______ to talk too much.

A．trend B．tendency C．tension D．threat 16．Letting virtual assistants, such as Amazon's Alexa, take care of your home is a(n) _________ for disaster to some, because AI-infused systems may demonstrate unpredictable behaviors that can be disruptive, confusing, offensive, and even dangerous.

A．topic B．shortcut C．cure D．recipe

17．The literature masterpiece Macbeth by Shakespeare will be better understood if readers look at the tragedy in the historical _________ of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods, an era of relative stability.

A．content B．contest C．context D．contact

18．With the _______ of the mid-term examinations, the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous.

A．approach B．access C．attachment D．appearance 19．One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have___________ to places like shops and restaurants.

A．method B．access C．way D．means

20．It is clear that in modern society high ______ and demands are placed on students. A．motivations B．expectations C．standards D．opportunities 21．They are building the dam in _____ with another firm.

A．comparison B．association C．touch D．tune

22．A U.S. company has developed facial _______ software that can help police. A．recognition B．recommendation C．representation D．reality 23．Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big __________, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.

A．project B．commitment C．competition D．ambition 24．Last month L.A．declared a________of emergency as protests over killing of Geroge Floyd a black man turned violent.

A．state B．condition C．situation D．circumstance 25．The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal is needed to better protect the environment.

A．currency B．framework C．allowance D．occupation

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除

一、选择题

1．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他被这所大学录取。A. permission允许；B. accommodation膳食，住宿；C. scholarship奖学金；D. admission进入许可录用。短语gain admission to“获准入学，获准进入”。故选D项。

2．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他站在水边眺望湖对岸。A. edge边缘；B. course课程，过程；

C. exit出口。根据生活常识，是站在水边眺望，故选A。

3．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我建议你申请入会。会员可以享受15%的折扣。A. discount折扣；B. dictation听写；C. favor帮助，赞同。根据上一句建议入会，所以推知入会是有好处的，故选A。

4．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：够了！这里没人认为你说的话有任何意义。A. excuse借口，理由；

B. sense感知；

C. use使用；

D. value价值。固定搭配：make any sense讲不通，有任何意义，结合句意。故选B。

【点睛】

make构成的短语

make up 组成，构成，化妆，编造，和好如初；be made of 由---构成（能看出原材料）；be made from由---构成（不能看出原材料）； be made into 被制成了---；be made up of 由---组成；be made in由某地制成； make friends 交朋友； make preparations for 为---做准备；make oneself done 使某人自己被---。

这些都是make的常用，常考短语，记住并能在语境中准确使用，本题考查的是make和sense的搭配。

5．D

解析：D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：太空探索是民族自豪感的象征。A. reason原因，理由；B. portrait 肖像；C. statue地位；D. symbol符号，象征。根据句意，太空探索是充满民族自豪感的。选项D切题，故选D。

6．D

解析：D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：托尼放了柔和的音乐，把灯调暗，以便使家里的气氛更轻松。

A. view视野，风景；

B. attitude态度；

C. style风格；

D. atmosphere气氛。根据语境及选项分析可知，此处指更轻松的“氛围”。故选D。

7．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉父母我的问题时，我肩上的重担减轻了。A. burden负担；B. risk冒险；C. hole洞；D. disaster灾难。根据句意及选项可知，此处使用“负担减轻”符合题意。故选A。

8．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：没有证据表明吃的过多是引起体重问题的主要原因。A. doubt疑问；B. wonder难怪；C. evidence证据；D. belief信念。根据句意理解，没有证据可以证明肥胖问题的原因这种说法比较通顺容易理解。故选C项。

9．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：我在培训中心进行了大量练习，以便我能在驾照考试中一次通过。

A. attempt尝试；

B. experiment实验；

C. flight飞行；

D. glance瞥见。a t the / one’s first attempt表示“第一次尝试”，为固定搭配。由“I practiced a lot in the training center”以及so that可推断，进行大量练习，目的是为了一次尝试通过驾照考试。故选A。

10．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名战士，他有很强的纪律性。A. desire欲望；B. discipline纪律；C. force力量；D. privacy隐私。结合上文Being a soldier可知形容士兵应当是有很强的“纪律性”，故选B。

11．B

解析：B

【解析】

考查名词。句意：查尔斯·达尔文在他1859年出版的书中解释了地球上物种的起源。A. ancestor祖先；B. origin起源；C. belief信仰；D. custom习惯，风俗。结合句意可知答案为B。

12．D

解析：D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：他脸上的表情表明他非常生气。A. impression印象；B. sight视力，景象；C. appearance外貌，外表；D. expression表情，脸色。根据on his face可知指面部表情，故选D。

13．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词和固定短语。句意：中国是一个多种族的国家，在中国，各民族团体将他们独有的味道带到国家的各个角落，增添了人们餐桌的多样性。分析句子可知，各族人民不同的口味增加了人们餐桌的多样性，A、B选项中的add...... to意为“把......加到......”,great variety没有特指，所以不加the。故选B项。

14．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：美式英语有很多方言，因为美国人来自世界各地。A.grammar 译为语法；B.vocabulary词汇；C.pronunciations发音；D.dialects方言”。根据题干中“come from all over the world”，可知美国是由来自世界各地的人组成，所以有很多方言。故选D项。

15．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：简人很好，但她话太多。A. trend趋势，走向；trend towards/in sth. 动态；B. tendency趋势，癖好；tendency (for sb./sth.) to do sth.倾向；偏好；C. tension 紧张，张力；D. threat 威胁。根据题干中搭配的介词是to, tendency to do sth. 表示“简喜欢说太多的话”。故选B。

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：让虚拟助手(比如亚马逊的Alexa)照顾你的家，对某些人来说无异于一场灾难，因为人工智能系统可能会表现出不可预测的行为，这些行为可能具有破坏性、混乱性、攻击性，甚至是危险的。A. topic话题；B.shortcut捷径；C. cure治愈；D. recipe配方。分析句子可知，显然让虚拟助手掌握实权带来的是不好的结果，也就是导致了灾难的发生，a recipe for disaster“后患无穷”。故选D项。

17．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：读者们如果关注伊丽莎白一世和詹姆斯一世那段相对稳定的时代的历史背景下的悲剧，就能更好地理解莎士比亚的文学著作《麦克白》。A. content内容；B. contest比赛；C. context环境，上下文；D. contact联系。这里联系the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods，要用historical context表示“历史背景”。故选C项。

18．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着期中考试的临近，大多数学生变得越来越紧张。A. approach接近；B. access通道；C. attachment连接物，附属；D. appearance外貌，外观。根据“the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous”可知，此处是指随着期中考试的“临近”，故选A项。

【点睛】

名词词义辨析题注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语的能力。由于英语词汇丰富，且用法多变，考生掌握起来有较大难度，因此在平时应注意词汇的积累，理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配，再联系句子所表述的意义和语境，选出正确的答案。如本题中由语境“the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous”可以推出，空处应选“接近，临近”的意思。

19．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：她喜欢城市生活的一个原因是她可以去商店和餐馆之类的地

方。 A. method方法；B. access机会、通道；C. way方法；D. means方法。我们用“have access to”表达“可以到达、有机会”这一含义，满足句意“她可以去这些地方”。故此题选B。

20．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：很明显，现代社会对学生寄予了很高的期望和要求。A. motivations动机；B. expectations期待；C. standards标准；D. opportunities机会。通过句意可知，我们社会对孩子们寄予了更高的期待和要求。所以B项expectations(期待)满足句意。故此题选B。

21．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们正在与另一家公司联合修建大坝。A. (in) comparison (with)与…比较； B. (in) association (with)与…联合； C. (in) touch (with)同…有联系； D. (in)tune (with)与…一致。根据句意可知，in association with意为“与…联合，协作”，故选B。22．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：一家美国公司开发了可以帮助警察的面部识别软件。A. recognition认出；识别；B. recommendation建议；劝告；推荐；C. representation代表；描绘；D. reality现实。根据后文“that can help police”可知，该软件可以帮助到警察（缉拿罪犯），可推知，该软件可以进行面部识别，“facial recognition software”可意为“面部识别软件”，符合句意表达。故选A项。

23．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意为：放弃我的工作并重新接受全日制教育是一个重大的决定，但现在我知道这是我做过的最好决定。A.project项目；https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e79604910.html,mitment承诺，投入，花费；https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e79604910.html,petition比赛；D. ambition志向。根据句意可知，故选B项。

24．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：上个月，洛杉矶宣布进入紧急状态，当时对杀害黑人乔治弗洛伊德的抗议演变成了暴力行为。A.state 状态；B. condition 条件；C.situation 情况；

D.circumstance环境。a state of 表示状况，这里指洛杉矶宣布进入紧急状态。故选A。25．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：会议上的报告详细分析了为什么需要一个新的法律框架来整好地保护环境。A. currency通货；B. framework框架；C. allowance津贴；D. occupation职业。根据语境和各选项分析可知，故B项正确。

高考英语易错题解题方法大全：单项选择[上]

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