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现在完成时详解

现在完成时详解
现在完成时详解

现在完成时(一)

一、构成:由“助动词have(has)+动词过去分词”构成。当句子主语为第三人称单数时,动词用has;其他人称用have。

1、肯定句:主语+have(has)+动词过去分词+其他成分

I have read the book already.

She has come.

用完成时填空

(1)He (get) a car. (2)We (see) the film.

2、否定句:主语+have(has)+not+动词过去分词+其他成分

I haven’t seen the film.

做否定句

She (finish)the homework.

They (give) me the answer yet.

3、一般疑问句,均提前have(has),肯定回答:Yes ,主语+have(has) ,否定回答,No, 主语+haven’t(hasn’t) .

Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary?

Yes ,I have . No, I hav en’t .

做一般疑问句并做肯定否定回答

S he has picked the corns already .

We have copied all the answers .

4、特殊疑问句:

(1)疑问词做主语时

句型:疑问词(主语)+have/has+过去分词+其他

例:A:Who has /have bought these apples?

谁买了这些苹果?

B:Rose/Rose's friends has/have bought them.罗斯/罗斯的朋友们买的.

(2).疑问词做主语以外的成份时.

句型:疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+…

A: How long have you lived here?

B: I’ve lived here for nearly 6 years.

A: How many times have you been to Spain?

B: I have been to Spain five times.

5、反义疑问句:

She has drawn two pictures, hasn’t she?

二、动词过去分词:绝大多数动词都是规则变化在动词词尾加ed,

部分动词是不规则变化。规则变化动词分为四类:

1、原形+ed,如worked ,passed .

2、字尾是不发音e是,直接加d,如liked ,lived

3、字尾是“元音字母加+y时”,直接加ed,若字尾为“辅音字母+y”,则改y尾I加ed,如,played ,stayed ,studied ,cried.

4、末尾是一个元音字母加一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,双写最后的辅音字母再加ed,如,stopped ,dropped,hugged,shopped,clapped. 关于ed 的发音如下:

1、在清辅音后面读/ t / ,在元音后读/d / .

2、在t, d 后读/ id /.

现在完成时(二)

现在完成时表示过去完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

一、常与already(已经),和yet连用。

1、Have you finished your work yet ? 你做完你的作业了吗?

Yes ,I have . I have just finished it .我昨完了,我刚做完。

2、I’ve already finished it . 我已经完成了。

3、I haven’t finished it yet.我还没做完。

○注already 通常用于现在完成时的肯定句中,含有already 的完成时句子变成否定句和疑问句时already 都变成yet .

She has already finished her homework . 变一般疑问句和否定句。Has she finished her homework yet ?

She hasn’t finished it yet.

○注根据上几句可看出already 常用于肯定句中,yet 常用于否定句疑问句句尾。

同时yet 也用于not 后面。

二、也可与ever(曾经) ,never(从来,决不)连用。

Have you ever been to the park ?

Yes ,I have .

No ,I haven’t , I have never been to the park.

三、与just(刚刚, 表示行为刚刚过去,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。),before(曾经,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,) 连用。

1、He has just come back from school.

2、I think I have met you before.

3、It seems that I have been here before.

四、以动作发生的次数为标志:twice, three times…

He says he has been to the USA three times.

练习题

1、Have they seen the film ? 他们已经看过电影了吗?Yes ,they have seen it .是的,他们刚刚看过。

2、They have been to Hawaii.他们已经去过夏威夷了。

3、They haven’t seen the film .他们还没看过这场电影呢。

4、Have you seen the film ?你曾看过这场电影吗?

I have seen the film.我从来没看过这场电影。

5、I haven’t got a very good job .

A、already

B、yet

C、just

D、never

6、Has she learnt surfing ?

A、ever

B、never

C、just

D、already

7、We have been to Hawaii. (哪个不可以填此空)

A、never

B、yet

C、already

D、just

现在完成时(三)

一、用法:表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,有可能还会持续下去。(肯定句中必须用延续动词,否定句可用非延续动词)

1.For + 时间段

For 后面表示时间的可以是具体的数字,也可以是泛指的时间,如a

long time , several days , some time(一些时间)

I have lived here for a long time.

She has been busy for five days.

2.Since + 表示过去的时间的单词或句子.

①Since +此时since 是介词.常见的时间状语如下:

Since three years ago

Since two months ago

Since then从那时以来

Since 2005,从2005年以来到现在

Mike has been sick since yesterday/last night.

②此时since是连词.

We have known each other since we were children.

We have lived here since we moved here in 2001

用since和for填空

1.______ two years

2._______ two years ago

3._______ last month

4.______ 1999

5._______ yesterday

6. _______ 4 o’clock

7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour ago

9. _______ we were children 10. _____ lunch time 11.______ she left here

3.how long…表示多长时间,多久.

回答“how long +have/has +主语+过去分词…”这样的现在完成时的问句时,常用for…和since…的句子.但和“for+时间”一样,how long 不仅用于完成时还可用于其他时态.

A: How long have you worked in this factory ?

B: I've worked in this factory for 3 years.

B: I've worked in this factory since I graduated from university.

注意:“when…?”疑问句不可以用现在完成时,因为“when…”疑问句是用来询问时间的,而现在完成时则不谈动作的时间. (正)when did you visit Beijing?

(误)when have you visited Beijing?

4.these days(months…)(这几天,这几个月…)既可以和完成时连用,也可以和其他的时态连用.

It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。

5.Recently/lately(最近,近来),表示包括现在在内的时间,所以常常和现在完成时连用.

Nancy hasn’t gone to school recently/lately.

南希最近/近来没有去上学.

6.So far/up to now(到目前为止), till/untill now(到现在),皆和现在密切关联,所以往往用现在完成时.

Three students have been rescued so far .

截止到目前,已有三名学生获救.

I've planted 14 rose bushes so far.

7.In the last /past few years.(在过去的几年中)

这样的时间状语,一般用于现在完成时(也可用于过去时)

We have learned about 2,000 words in the past few years.

现在完成时(四)

has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别

①Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)

Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai.

②Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方)

My father has been to Shanghai.

③Have/has been in:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)跟时间段。My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.

现在完成时(五)

瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的for +段时间,since +点时间的时间状语连用。常见的瞬间性动词有buy ,catch, borrow ,come ,go ,become, put on ,die ,finish ,lose , begin ,leave ,close ,等。但在一个有for +段时间,since+点时间的完成时句子中有上述瞬间性动词,就要把他们改成相应的延续性动词。如下是瞬间性动词如何向延续性转化。

(1)转化成相应的延续性动词。如:

buy have , catch(get)a cold have a cold ,

borrow keep ,come /go /become be ,put on wear.

1、I have bought the computer for two years . 我买电脑

2、I have had the computer for two years . 已经两年了

buy 买的动作发生在过去两年前,是一个瞬间行动词,不能持续到现在都一直在买。既然买到手就应该是拥有(have),所以用have,是一个延续性动词。

1、I have put on the coat since last Friday . 自从上周

2、I have worn the coat since last Friday . 五我就穿这

衣服了。

Put on 穿动作发生在过去自从上周五,是强调穿的动作。是一个瞬间行动词,不能持续到现在,所以用wear ,延续性动词表示穿的状态。

(2)转换成be+adj/adv 表示。

die be dead , finish be over , begin be on , leave be away ,close be closed , fall asleep be asleep .

1、That poor old man has died for fourteen months.那个可

2、That poor old man has been dead fourteen months .怜的老人已经死十四个月了。

Die 死发生在过去十四个月之前,强调动作“死”是一个瞬间行动词,不能持续到现在所以用be dead强调“死”的状态,可持续很长时间。

(3)转换成be+介词短语。

Go to school be in school, join the army be in the army ,Join the Party be in the Party.

1、Lily has gone to school for nine years . 丽丽上学

2、Lily has been in school for nine years . 九年了。

Go to school (去)上学发生在过去九年前,强调(去)上学这一动作,不能持续所以换成be in school,强调状态。

注 同时go to school be a student

, join the army be a soldier ,join the Party be a Party member .如:

1、He has joined the party since this time last year.

2、He has been a Party member since this time last year .

3、He has been in the Party since this time last year. 自从去年的这个时候它就已经参军了。

练习:

1、Kitty (buy)the book for nine days .

2 Catherine (come)here since 2001.

3、Thomas (die)for many years.

4、Sonia (become)a student since three years ago.

5、Li Qiang (go to )school for nine years .

6、Sandra (catch )a cold since last Friday. 7,Ling Feng (join )the Party since 1983. Join the Party 强调参军这一动作,不能延续到现在,所以改为be a Party member 或be in the Party

8 That TV programme (begin )for two hours .

9、China (join)WTO since November 11,2001.

10、The baby (fall) asleep for one hour.

现在完成时(六)

二、现在完成时用法总结(及与一般过去时的区别)

一般过去时单纯强调动作发生在过去某一时间,和现在不发生联系,可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。而完成时强调过去发生的某一动作或状态与现在的联系,对现在产生的影响和造成的结果,主要说明现在的情况,不和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last year ,in 1980等。

1、表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调现在的情况。如:

Li Lei has broken the window . (“打破“发生在过去而没有持续到现在只是强调对现在造成了影响,及强调现在窗户破了。)

Li Lei broke the window just now .( “打破“发生在过去同样没有持续到现在,但与现在没有联系,现在窗户可能还破着、可能已换新的了,但单从此句体现不出来。)

2、表示过去发生的动作持续到现在。

Mr Green has lived in Beijing for two years .

(live 居住的动作发生在过去两年前并持续到现在一直居住在北京。)

Mr Green lived in Beijing in 2001/two years ago.

(live 居住的动作发生在过去两年前,但现在它可能还住在那里,可能以不住在那里了,可但从此句体现不出来)

分析下句:

Edison worked here in 1998.

Edison has worked here since 1998.

人教版八年级下册现在完成时专项讲解

现在完成时 现在完成时(present perfect tense)通常表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,而且还可能继续下去,或者表示过去的行为对现在造成一定的影响,可能还会产生结果等。 1.现在完成时结构 1.1.助动词have/has+动词过去分词。其中,助动词要随着主语的变化而变化,当主语是第三人称单数时,助动词要用“has”。 例:Have you finished your work? He says that he has seen UFOs many times. 1.2.现在完成时的缩写形式:I have=I ’ve have not= haven’t has not= hasn’t 例:I’ve finished my work./He hasn’t finished his work. 1.3.现在完成时的一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答:No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 例:----Have you finished your work?----Yes,I have./No,l haven’t. ----Have they arrived?----Yes,they have./No,they haven’t. 1.4.1.通过加-ed的形式来构成规则动词的过去分词,就像我们构成这些动词的过去式方法一样。 大多数动词后+ed.如finish---finished. 以字母e为结尾的动词后+d,如change---changed. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,去掉y,再加ied.如carry---carried.

人教版英语英语现在完成时的用法大全含解析

人教版英语英语现在完成时的用法大全含解析 一、初中英语现在完成时 1.—They say there is a new restaurant near here. —Yes, and it ______ for more than a week. A. has been open B. open C. is opening D. opens 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:——他们说在这附近有一个新的餐馆。——是的,它已经开了一个多星期了。根据 for more than a week ,可知用现在完成时,have/has been done,故选A。 【点评】考查现在完成时,注意识记其标志词。 2.Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生,但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时,瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用,故用延续性动词be。故选D。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 3.—Hi, Tom! you ever the Bird's Nest? —Yes, I have. It's fantastic. A. Have, been to B. Have, gone to C. Did, go to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:——你好,Tom!你曾经去过鸟巢吗?——是的,我去过。它是极好的。根据答语—Yes, I have.可知是以have开头的现在完成时的一般疑问句,排除C。have been to+地点名词,去过某地,去了并且回来了;have gone to+地点名词,去了某地,去了还没有回来,在去或者回来的路上。根据It's fantastic.可知去了并且回来了,故选A。 【点评】考查短语辨析,注意平时识记其区别,理解句意。 4.——Where is Mr. Wang? ——He together with his students ________ Zhuyuwan Park. A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to 【答案】 A

人教版英语英语现在完成时复习含解析百度文库

人教版英语英语现在完成时复习含解析百度文库 一、初中英语现在完成时 1.Nancy for five years. A. was dying B. has died C. died D. has been dead 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:南西去世五年了。A. was dying过去进行时态;B. has died现在完成时态;C. died一般过去时态; D. has been dead现在完成时态。句子强调的是过去开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在,句子用现在完成时态;die是一个非延续性动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语for…连用,用成be dead。故选D。 【点评】本题考查时态辨析。某人去世了多少年就用延续性动词的现在完成时,has been dead。 2.I ________ an invitation to the concert. I can't wait to go. A. receive B. will receive C. was receiving D. have received 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意:我已经收到音乐会的邀请,我等不及要去了。由句意得知我已经收到去音乐会的邀请函,动作已完成造成的影响是我等不及要去,要用现在完成时,故答案选D。 【点评】考查动词时态。根据题目所给语境推断出应使用的时态。 3.It has been three years since I ______ a teacher. A. become B. became C. becoming D. to become 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】题意:现在完成时里,since从句里动词应用一般过去时。故选B。 【点评】考查现在完成时和表示一段时间的时间状语的连用用法,理解题意,即可得出答案。 4.——Where is Mr. Wang? ——He together with his students ________ Zhuyuwan Park. A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:—王老师在哪里?—他同他的学生去了Zhuyuwan公园。A. has gone to去了,没在这里。主语是单数;B. have gone to去了,没在这里。主语是复数;C. has been to去过,没在那里;主语是单数;D. have been to去过,没在那里;主语是复数。本句He是主语,together with his students是介词短语,做定语不是主语,所以用has。王老师去公园了不在这里,所以用has gone to。故选A。

中考中考英语总复习现在完成时专项及解析

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英语现在完成时的用法大全附解析百度文库

英语现在完成时的用法大全附解析百度文库 一、初中英语现在完成时 1.Nancy for five years. A. was dying B. has died C. died D. has been dead 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:南西去世五年了。A. was dying过去进行时态;B. has died现在完成时态;C. died一般过去时态; D. has been dead现在完成时态。句子强调的是过去开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在,句子用现在完成时态;die是一个非延续性动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语for…连用,用成be dead。故选D。 【点评】本题考查时态辨析。某人去世了多少年就用延续性动词的现在完成时,has been dead。 2.Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生,但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时,瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用,故用延续性动词be。故选D。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 3.— Hobo and Eddie the cinema to watch the film Zootopia. — Oh, that's why I can't find them now. A. have gone to B. have been to C. has gone to D. has been to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查主谓一致。句意:——侯博和埃迪去了电影院看电影《疯狂动物城》。——哦,这就是为什么我现在找不到他们的原因。have gone to去了;been to去过。Hobo and Eddie作主语,谓语动词要用复数形式。所以选A。 4.—What _______ you just now? —Don't worry. Nothing _______.

现在完成时讲解

现在完成时间和现在完成进行时 一、现在完成时 1. 通常使用现在完成时的几种情况 (1)表示过去发生的事对现在的影响 Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad. (Justin 失踪在过去,但是Kelly 至今仍旧为他的失踪感到难过) (2)表示过去的动作一直延续到现在 I haven’t seen Justin since last Friday night. (从上周五晚上到现在一直没有见到过Justin) (3)表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要 The boy has already come home. (男孩已经回家,但没有指出何时回家) (4)表示刚结束的动作 The police have just finished searching the area. (警方刚结束对该地区的搜查) (5)表示反复发生的动作 Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times. (村民曾多次看到UFO) 2. 现在完成时的结构 现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词”构成。 3. 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语 (1)表示过去的事或动作对现在有影响,动作的时间不明确、不重要或动作刚结束,一般可用already (用于肯定句)、yet (用于否定和疑问句)、ever、just、recently、lately 和never Tom has already come home. He hasn’t finished his homework yet. I’ve met the old man somewhere before. (2)表示从过去开始,并一直持续到现在,一般用for/since短语或由since 引导的时间状语从句。在介词for后一般跟表示一段时间的短语,在since后一般跟表示某个时间的短语,或表示过去时间的状语从句。 We haven’t seen him for two days/since last Monday. We haven’t seen him since he left Nanjing. 4. 现在完成时的应用 (1) 非持续性动词go, come, leave, borrow, buy, die, join的完成时的肯定式不能与时间段连 用,若要接用时间段状语,则应换成相应的持续动词或状态动词。如: He has left. 他走了。 He has been away for an hour. 他走了一个小时了。 Can I borrow that book? 我可以借那本书吗? How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可借多久? 注意:非持续性动词的否定完成时可与时间段状语连用。如: He has not borrowed the book since then. 从此以后,他再也没有借这本书了。 (2) have / has been to 表示曾经去过某地,但现在不在那儿;have / has gone to表示现在已去 某地,现在不在这儿。如: He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company. 他去过加拿大,现在在我们公司工作。

英语现在完成时专项练习题及答案详解含答案解析

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英语现在完成时专项

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现在完成时的用法解析

Lead in 一般过去时导入:一般过去时的概念 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I lost my pen.(过去时) I have lost my pen.(现在完成时) 过去时一般表示过去所发生的动作或存在的状态。“我把笔丢了”,说话人只是想告诉对方在过去的某一个时间里他的笔丢了,仅此而已。(仅仅是在陈诉过去的一个事实,与现在没有关系) New lesson 一.现在完成时的构成: 助动词have/has(not) +动词过去分词 She has turned on the lights. 肯定式:have/ has+过去分词 否定式:haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词 疑问式:把have/has 提到主语前面 肯定回答:Yes,…have/has 否定回答:No,…..haven’t/hasn’t 二.用法 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果. 例如:She has gone. 她走了. She went in the past.(She is not here

now.) I have just cleaned my hands. 我刚洗过手。(“洗手”是发生在过去的动作,对现在造成的结果是“手干净了”) I have closed the door. (The door is close now.) She has turned on the lights. (The lights are on now.) He has written his name on the blackboard. (The name is on the blackboard now.) Mother has cooked the dinner. (We can have dinner now.) You have seen the film. (You know what the film is about.) We have cleaned the classroom. (The classroom is clean now.) 2. 表示动作发生在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能继续延续下去。这时常和since所引导的短语或从句或for引导的短语连用(for有时可以省去)。以及so far, by now, these days, in the last/past … years/days…等连用。 I have lived here for over ten years. (表示他现在还在这里居住,并且还有可能继续住下去)比较:I lived here ten years ago.(仅仅说明了他十年前在这里记住过的事实,不代表现在他还住在这里) He has studied here since 2006. 都用How long 提问,例: We have learned English for three years. We have learned English since three years ago.

现在完成时详解

现在完成时(一) 一、构成:由“助动词have(has)+动词过去分词”构成。当句子主 语为第三人称单数时,动词用has;其他人称用have。 1、肯定句:主语+have(has)+动词过去分词+其他成分 I have read the book already. She has come. 用完成时填空 (1)He (get) a car. (2)We (see) the film. 2、否定句:主语+have(has)+not+动词过去分词+其他成分 I haven’t seen the film. 做否定句 She (finish)the homework. They (give) me the answer yet. 3、一般疑问句,均提前have(has),肯定回答:Yes ,主语+have(has) ,否定回答,No, 主语+haven’t(hasn’t) . Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary? Yes ,I have . No, I hav en’t .

做一般疑问句并做肯定否定回答 S he has picked the corns already . We have copied all the answers . 4、特殊疑问句: (1)疑问词做主语时 句型:疑问词(主语)+have/has+过去分词+其他 例:A:Who has /have bought these apples? 谁买了这些苹果? B:Rose/Rose's friends has/have bought them.罗斯/罗斯的朋友们买的. (2).疑问词做主语以外的成份时. 句型:疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+…  A: How long have you lived here? B: I’ve lived here for nearly 6 years. A: How many times have you been to Spain? B: I have been to Spain five times. 5、反义疑问句: She has drawn two pictures, hasn’t she? 二、动词过去分词:绝大多数动词都是规则变化在动词词尾加ed,

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现在完成时练习含解析

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复习专题现在完成时专项讲解及练习 一、初中英语现在完成时 1.All the students _______ very hard over the last three years. A. works B. has worked C. have worked D. worked 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】Over the last three years, 用于现在完成时,又由于主语是复数,故选C。【点评】现在完成时的时间状语要掌握。 2.—What great progress Huawei ________ in recent years! —No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world. A. is making B. has made C. makes D. made 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:——华为近几年取得了多大的进步啊!——难怪它在世界的每个角落都出名。根据时间状语in recent years,近几年,可知动作从过去持续到现在,时态为现在完成时have/has+过去分词,故选B。 【点评】考查现在完成时。注意掌握现在完成时的结构have/has+过去分词。 3.—Do you still play basketball? —Oh, no. I ____ it for the past two years. A. haven't played B. didn't play C. won't play D. hadn't played 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意:——你还打篮球吗?——哦,不了。我已经有两年没有打过了。根据句中的for the last two years可知应与完成时态连用,又有时间是the last two years可知是从现在往前两年,因此应使用现在完成时态,故选A。 【点评】考查动词时态中的for+段时间与完成时态连用,根据时间确定是现在完成还是过去完成。 4.—How do you like Beijing, Miss Read? —I've no idea. I _____ there. A. have gone B. have been C. haven't been D. haven't gone 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:---你觉得北京怎么样,瑞得小姐?---我不知道,我没有去过那儿。短语:have been to去过某地(已经返回);have gone to去了某地(尚未返回),根据句意,故答案为C。 【点评】考查短语辨析,区分have been to与have gone to,理解句子,根据语境判断答案。

英语现在完成时用法总结含答案解析百度文库

英语现在完成时用法总结含答案解析百度文库 一、初中英语现在完成时 1.—What _______ you just now? —Don't worry. Nothing _______. A. has happens to; has happened B. happened; happened C. happened; has happened D. happened to; has happened 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意:---刚才你发生了什么事?---别担心,没什么事发生。固定句式What happened to……发生了什么?第二空是回答之前并没有发生任何事情,所以不必担心,用现在完成时,has happened,故答案为D。 【点评】考查动词时态,一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作;现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的结果或影响。 2.—How do you like Beijing, Miss Read? —I've no idea. I _____ there. A. have gone B. have been C. haven't been D. haven't gone 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:---你觉得北京怎么样,瑞得小姐?---我不知道,我没有去过那儿。短语:have been to去过某地(已经返回);have gone to去了某地(尚未返回),根据句意,故答案为C。 【点评】考查短语辨析,区分have been to与have gone to,理解句子,根据语境判断答案。 3.This museum here for over 80 years. It one of the oldest buildings in this city. A. is; was B. had been; is C. was; has been D. has been; is 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查动词的时态。句意:博物馆在这儿有八十多年了。它是这座城市最古老的建筑之一。前句表示从过去一直延续到现在的状态,用现在完成时态;后句表示的是现在的状态,用一般现在时态。故选D。 4.My mother a good example for me since I was young. A. was B. has been C. will be D. is 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:打小以来,妈妈就是我的好榜样。根据时间状语“since l was young”可知,主句应用现在完成时,表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。故选B。

现在完成时的用法讲解

现在完成时的讲解 对所学时态的回顾,引入现在完成时 通过数轴来概括讲解所学的四个时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时。(导入)有时候,这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如:表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”,以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时,我们可以用一种新的时态——现在完成时表示。同样也用数轴来表示一下。 一现在完成时的构成:主语+ have/has + 过去分词 (过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。 eg .Ihavetaught Englishinthisschoolsince1999. 二、否定式:主语+ haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词。 疑问式:Have /Has + 主语+过去分词? 简略答语:Yes,主语+ have/has.(肯定) No,主语+ haven’t/hasn’t.(否定) —Have you finishedyourwork? —Yes,I have. 三现在完成时的含义之一表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常与already/yet,just,never/ever,before,so far等连用。这些标志词可以表达这种含义. 1.already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。实例: 1)I've already read thisbook. 我已经读过这本书了。 (“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。) 2)I'vewashedmy clothes already.我已经洗了衣服。 (洗衣服的动作已完成,其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。) 注意:在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时,already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。实例:

现在完成时趣味讲解

现在完成时趣味讲解 现在完成时的含义 可与现在完成时态相连用的常见时间状语 瞬间动词在现在完成时态中的用法 现在完成时的含义 在当今常见的语法书中对现在完成时的定义大多是:现在完成时是指过去发生的至今已经完成或还在继续的动作。在笔者2011年于《海外英语》中发表的《have + -en的构式研究》中曾指出这一说法的稍欠妥之处。因为过去发生的“已经完成”或“未完成”容易让学生产生疑惑:究竟是不是完成时? 笔者认为易仲良教授提出的“式态”的说法以及马承老师提出的“现在完成时表示过去已经发生而与现在情况有关系的动作”这一说法更能让学生理解。事实上,我在初中的教学过程当中也是这样跟学生讲解的,学生们能够较好的理解这一说法,并能自然地将现在完成时与一般过去时区分开来。 常与现在完成时相连的时间状语 在初中阶段,多数考查现在完成时的句子当中都有较为明显的时间状语标志词, 比如以下的这些句子(均摘录自人教版教材): Have you read Treasure Island yet? I’ve already read it. Have you ever been to a museum?

I’ve never been to a science museum. I’ve had this bike for three years. 如果在实际的教学过程当中孤立地让学生记忆这些时间状语标志,无疑会给学生增大学习难度。为了能够提高学生的学习兴趣,我认为可以通过口诀韵律的方式让学生较快地掌握:以前(before)从来不(never)出现,最近(recently)曾经(ever)一两遍(once/twice/many times…), 自从(since+时间点)刚刚(just)for一段(for+一段),至今(so far/up to now)已经(already/yet)很明显。 在实际的教学过程当中,教师可有意识地讲述两个“已经”(already/yet)及(since/for)的区别着重分章节讲解,让学生在有了整体概念的基础上对各个考点进行突破。 瞬间动词在现在完成时中的用法 在人教版的课本附录的语法讲解中,我们可以看到:“某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括”现在“在内)的动作或状态,可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词”。如: I have known Bob for three years. They have lived here since 1996. She has taught us since I came to this school. 但在实际的语言运用过程当中,有很多的非延续性动词也有需要用于“过去已经发生对现在有影响”这一时态用法中,比如“我买这台自

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