10CFR50附录B英文版
Appendix B to 10CFR Part 50
Quality Assurance Criteria for Nuclear Power Plants and Fuel Reprocessing Plants Introduction. Every applicant for a construction permit is required by the provisions of § 50.34 to include in its
preliminary safety analysis report a description of the quality assurance program to be applied to the design, fabrication, construction, and testing of the structures, systems, and components of the facility. Every applicant for an operating license is required to include, in its final safety analysis report, information pertaining to the managerial and administrative controls to be used to assure safe operation. Every applicant for a combined license under part 52 of this chapter is required by the provisions of § 52.79 of this chapter to include in its final safety analysis report a description of the quality assurance applied to the design, and to be applied to the fabrication, construction, and testing of the structures, systems, and components of the facility and to the managerial and administrative controls to be used to assure safe operation. For applications submitted after September 27, 2007, every applicant for an early site permit under part 52 of this chapter is required by the provisions of § 52.17 of this chapter to include in its site safety analysis report a description of the quality assurance program applied to site activities related to the design,
fabrication, construction, and testing of the structures, systems, and components of a facility or facilities that may be constructed on the site. Every applicant for a design approval or design certification under part 52 of this chapter is required by the provisions of 10 CFR 52.137 and 52.47, respectively, to include in its final safety analysis report a
description of the quality assurance program applied to the design of the structures, systems, and components of the facility. Every applicant for a manufacturing license under part 52 of this chapter is required by the provisions of 10 CFR 52.157 to include in its final safety analysis report a description of the quality assurance program applied to the design, and to be applied to the manufacture of, the structures, systems, and components of the reactor. Nuclear power plants and fuel reprocessing plants include structures, systems, and components that prevent or mitigate the consequences of postulated accidents that structures, systems, and components. The pertinent requirements of this appendix apply to all activities affecting the safetyrelated functions of those structures, systems, and components; these activities include designing, purchasing, fabricating, handling, shipping, storing, cleaning, erecting, installing, inspecting, testing, operating, maintaining, repairing, refueling, and modifying.
As used in this appendix, "quality assurance" comprises all those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide
adequate confidence that a structure, system, or component will perform satisfactorily in service. Quality assurance includes quality control, which comprises those quality assurance actions related to the physical characteristics of a material, structure, component, or system which provide a means to control the quality of the material, structure, component, or system to predetermined requirements.
I. Organization
The applicant (1) shall be responsible for the establishment and execution of the quality assurance program. The applicant may delegate to others, such as contractors, agents, or consultants, the work of establishing and executing the quality assurance program, or any part thereof, but shall retain responsibility for the quality assurance program. The authority and duties of persons and organizations performing activities affecting the safety-related functions of structures, systems, and components shall be clearly established and delineated in writing. These activities include both the performing functions of attaining quality objectives and the quality assurance functions. The quality assurance
functions are those of (1) assuring that an appropriate quality assurance program is established and effectively executed; and (2) verifying, such as by checking, auditing, and inspecting, that activities affecting the safetyrelated
functions have been correctly performed. The persons and organizations performing quality assurance functions shall
have sufficient authority and organizational freedom to identify quality problems; to initiate, recommend, or provide solutions; and to verify implementation of solutions. There persons and organizations performing quality assurance functions shall report to a management level so that the required authority and organizational freedom, including sufficient independence from cost and schedule when opposed to safety considerations, are provided. Because of the
could cause undue risk to the health and safety of the public. This appendix establishes quality assurance requirements for the design, manufacture, construction, and operation of those
many variables involved, such as the number of personnel, the type of activity being performed, and the location or locations where activities are performed, the organizational structure for executing the quality assurance program may take various forms, provided that the persons and organizations assigned the quality assurance functions have the required authority and organizational freedom. Irrespective of the organizational structure, the individual(s) assigned the responsibility for assuring effective execution of any portion
of the quality assurance program at any location where activities subject to this appendix are being performed, shall have direct access to the levels of management necessary to perform this function.
II. Quality Assurance Program
The applicant shall establish at the earliest practicable time, consistent with the schedule for accomplishing the activities, a quality assurance program which complies with the requirements of this appendix. This program shall be documented by written policies, procedures, or instructions and shall be carried out throughout plant life in accordance with those policies, procedures, or instructions. The applicant shall identify the structures, systems, and components to be covered by the quality assurance program and the major organizations participating in the program, together with the designated functions of these organizations. The quality assurance program shall provide control over activities affecting the quality of the identified structures, systems, and components, to an extent consistent with their importance to safety. Activities affecting quality shall be accomplished under suitably controlled conditions. Controlled conditions include the use of appropriate equipment; suitable environmental conditions for accomplishing the activity, such as adequate cleanness; and assurance that all prerequisites for the given activity have been satisfied. The program shall take into account the need for special controls, processes, test equipment, tools, and skills to attain the required quality, and the need for verification of quality by inspection and test. The program shall provide for indoctrination and training of personnel performing activities affecting quality as necessary to assure that suitable proficiency is achieved and maintained. The applicant shall regularly review the status and adequacy of the quality assurance program. Management of other organizations participating in the quality assurance program shall regularly review the status and adequacy of that part of the quality assurance program which they are executing.
III. Design Control
Measures shall be established to assure that applicable regulatory requirements and the design basis, as defined in § 50.2 and as specified in the license application, for those structures, systems, and components to which this appendix applies are correctly translated into specifications, drawings, procedures, and instructions. These measures shall include provisions to assure that appropriate quality standards are specified and included in design documents and that deviations from suchstandards are controlled.
Measures shall also be established for the selection and review for suitability of application of materials, parts, equipment, and processes that are essential to the safety-related functions of the structures, systems and components.
Measures shall be established for the identification and control of design interfaces and for coordination among participating design organizations. These measures shall include the establishment of procedures among participating design organizations for the review, approval, release, distribution, and revision of documents involving design interfaces.
The design control measures shall provide for verifying or checking the adequacy of design, such as by the performance of design reviews, by the use of alternate or simplified calculational methods, or by the performance of a suitable testing program. The verifying or checking process shall be performed by individuals or groups other than those who performed the original design, but who may be from the same organization. Where a test program is used to verify the adequacy of a specific design feature in lieu of other verifying or checking processes, it shall include suitable qualifications testing of a prototype unit under the most adverse design conditions. Design control measures shall be applied to items such as the following: reactor physics, stress, thermal, hydraulic, and accident analyses; compatibility of materials; accessibility for inservice inspection, maintenance, and repair; and delineation of acceptance criteria for inspections and tests.
Design changes, including field changes, shall be subject to design control measures commensurate with those applied to the original design and be approved by the organization that performed the original design unless the applicant designates another responsible organization.
IV. Procurement Document Control
Measures shall be established to assure that applicable regulatory requirements, design bases, and other requirements which are necessary to assure adequate quality are suitably included or referenced in the documents for procurement of material, equipment, and services, whether purchased by the applicant or by its contractors or subcontractors. To the extent necessary, procurement documents shall require contractors or subcontractors to provide a quality assurance program consistent with the pertinent provisions of this appendix.
V. Instructions, Procedures, and Drawings
Activities affecting quality shall be prescribed by documented instructions, procedures, or drawings, of a type appropriate tohe circumstances and shall be accomplished in accordance with these instructions, procedures, or drawings. Instructions, procedures, or drawings shall include appropriate quantitative or qualitative acceptance criteria for determining that important activities have been satisfactorily accomplished.
VI. Document Control
Measures shall be established to control the issuance of documents, such as instructions, procedures, and drawings, including changes thereto, which prescribe all activities affecting quality. These measures shall assure that documents, including changes, are reviewed for adequacy and approved for release by authorized personnel and are distributed to and used at the location where the prescribed activity is performed. Changes to documents shall be reviewed and approved by the same organizations that performed the original review and approval unless the applicant designates another responsible organization.
VII. Control of Purchased Material, Equipment, and Services
Measures shall be established to assure that purchased material, equipment, and services, whether purchased directly or through contractors and subcontractors, conform to the procurement documents. These measures shall include provisions, as appropriate, for source evaluation and selection, objective evidence of quality furnished by the contractor or subcontractor, inspection at the contractor or subcontractor source, and examination of products upon delivery. Documentary evidence that material and equipment conform to the procurement requirements shall be available at the nuclear powerplant or fuel reprocessing plant site prior to installation or use of such material and equipment. This documentary evidence shall be retained at the nuclear powerplant or fuel reprocessing plant site and shall be sufficient to identify the specific requirements, such as codes, standards, or specifications, met by the purchased material and equipment. The effectiveness of the control of quality by contractors and subcontractors shall be assessed by the applicant or designee at intervals consistent with the importance, complexity, and quantity of the product or services.
VIII. Identification and Control of Materials, Parts, and Components
Measures shall be established for the identification and control of materials, parts, and components, including partially fabricated assemblies. These measures shall assure that identification of the item is maintained by heat number, part number, serial number, or other appropriate means, either on the item or on records traceable to the item, as required throughout fabrication, erection, installation, and use of the item. These identification and control measures shall be designed to prevent t
the use of incorrect or defective material, parts, and components.
IX. Control of Special Processes
Measures shall be established to assure that special processes, including welding, heat treating, and nondestructive testing, are controlled and accomplished by qualified personnel using qualified procedures in accordance with applicable codes, standards, specifications, criteria, and other special requirements.
X. Inspection
A program for inspection of activities affecting quality shall be established and executed by or for the organization performing the activity to verify conformance with the documented instructions, procedures, and drawings for accomplishing the activity. Such inspection shall be performed by individuals other than those who performed the activity being inspected. Examinations, measurements, or tests of material or products processed shall be performed for each work operation where necessary to assure quality. If inspection of processed material or products is impossible or disadvantageous, indirect control by monitoring processing methods, equipment, and personnel shall be provided. Both inspection and process monitoring shall be provided when control is inadequate without both. If mandatory inspection hold points, which require witnessing or inspecting by the applicant's designated representative and beyond which work shall not proceed without the consent of its designated representative are required, the specific hold points shall be indicated in appropriate documents.
XI. Test Control
A test program shall be established to assure that all testing required to demonstrate that structures, systems, and components will perform satisfactorily in service is identified and performed in accordance with written test procedures which incorporate the requirements and acceptance limits contained in applicable design documents. The test program shall include, as appropriate, proof tests prior to installation, preoperational tests, and operational tests during nuclear power plant or fuel reprocessing plant operation, of structures, systems, and components. Test procedures shall include provisions for assuring that all prerequisites for the given test have been met, that adequate test instrumentation is available and used, and that the test is performed under suitable environmental conditions. Test results shall be documented and evaluated to assure that test requirements have been satisfied.
XII. Control of Measuring and Test Equipment
Measures shall be established to assure that tools, gages, instruments, and other measuring and testing devices used in activities affecting quality are properly controlled, calibrated, and adjusted at specified periods to maintain accuracy within necessary limits. XIII. Handling, Storage and Shipping
Measures shall be established to control the handling, storage, shipping, cleaning and preservation of material and equipment in accordance with work and inspection instructions to prevent damage or deterioration. When necessary for particular products, special protective environments, such as inert gas atmosphere, specific moisture content levels, and temperature levels, shall be specified and provided.
XIV. Inspection, Test, and Operating Status
Measures shall be established to indicate, by the use of markings such as stamps, tags, labels, routing cards, or other suitable means, the status of inspections and tests performed upon individual items of the nuclear power plant or fuel reprocessing plant. These measures shall provide for the identification of items which have satisfactorily passed required inspections and tests, where necessary
to preclude inadvertent bypassing of such inspections and tests. Measures shall also be established for indicating the operating status of structures, systems, and components of the nuclear power plant or fuel reprocessing plant, such as by tagging valves and switches, to prevent inadvertent operation.
XV. Nonconforming Materials, Parts, or Components
Measures shall be established to control materials, parts, or components which do not conform to requirements in order to prevent their inadvertent use or installation. These measures shall include, as appropriate, procedures for identification, documentation, segregation, disposition, and notification to affected organizations. Nonconforming items shall be reviewed and accepted, rejected, repaired or reworked in accordance with documented procedures.
XVI. Corrective Action
Measures shall be established to assure that conditions adverse to quality, such as failures, malfunctions, deficiencies, deviations, defective material and equipment, and nonconformances are promptly identified and corrected. In the case of significant conditions adverse to quality, the measures shall assure that the cause of the condition is determined and corrective action taken to preclude repetition. The identification of the significant condition adverse to quality, the cause of the condition, and the corrective action taken shall be documented and reported to appropriate levels of management.
XVII. Quality Assurance Records
Sufficient records shall be maintained to furnish evidence of activities affecting quality. The records shall include at least the following: Operating logs and the results of reviews, inspections, tests, audits, monitoring of work performance, and materials analyses. The records shall also include closely-related data such as qualifications of personnel, procedures, and equipment. Inspection and test records shall, as a minimum, identify the inspector or data recorder, the type of observation, the results, the acceptability, and the action taken in connection with any deficiencies noted. Records shall be identifiable and retrievable. Consistent with applicable
regulatory requirements, the applicant shall establish requirements concerning record retention, such as duration, location, and assigned responsibility.
XVIII. Audits
A comprehensive system of planned and periodic audits shall be carried out to verify compliance with all aspects of the quality assurance program and to determine the effectiveness of the program. The audits shall be performed in accordance with the written procedures or check lists by appropriately trained personnel not having direct responsibilities in the areas being audited. Audit results shall be documented and reviewed by management having responsibility in the area audited. Followup action, including reaudit of deficient areas, shall be taken where indicated.
[35 FR 10499, June 27, 1970, as amended at 36 FR 18301, Sept. 11, 1971; 40 FR 3210D, Jan. 20, 1975; 72 FR 49505, Aug. 28, 2007] 1 While the term "applicant" is used in these criteria, the requirements are, of course, applicable after such a person has received a license to construct and operate a nuclear power plant or a fuel reprocessing plant or has received an early site permit, design approval, design certification, or manufacturing license, as applicable. These criteria will also be used for guidance in evaluating the adequacy of quality assurance programs in use by holders of construction permits, operating licenses, early site permits, design approvals, combined licenses, and manufacturing licenses.
集装箱专用词汇中英文对照表1
集装箱专用词汇中英文对照表 (内部参考) 版本号：200001 日期：Tuesday, May 23, 2000 南通中集顺达集装箱有限公司
目录 一、生产制造---------------------------------2 二、门端、后端-------------------------------2 三、锁杆装置---------------------------------3 四、铰链-------------------------------------4 五、紧固件-----------------------------------4 六、前端-------------------------------------4 七、侧墙-------------------------------------5 八、顶部-------------------------------------6 九、底部-------------------------------------6 十、焊接-------------------------------------7 十一、打砂-------------------------------------7 十二、油漆-------------------------------------8 十三、地板-------------------------------------9 十四、密封胶-----------------------------------9 十五、门封-------------------------------------9 十六、材料、部件-------------------------------10 十七、机器设备、工具---------------------------10 十八、试验-------------------------------------11 十九、标贴-------------------------------------12 二十、缺陷及维修-------------------------------13 其他-------------------------------------15二十 一、 二十罐箱-------------------------------------18
肉类词汇中英文名称对照表
肉类词汇中英文名称对照表 Back Ribs 背小排 Backstraps /Paddywack 板筋 Bnls Shortribs 去骨牛小排 Bone-in Breast 火鸡带骨胸肉 Boneless Chuck Shortribs 肩胛牛小排Breast 火鸡胸肉 Brisket Bone 胸骨 Chuck BBQ Ribs 肩胛肋排 and etc. Chuck Roll 肩胛肉卷 /上脑 Drumettes 火鸡翅根 Drumsticks 琵琶腿 Ears Flaps 耳片 Finger Meat 牛肋条 Flexor Tendon 前蹄筋 Fry 火鸡睾丸 Full Neck Bone 颈骨 Gizzards 鸡胗 Ground Turkey 火鸡绞肉 Hearts 火鸡心 Hind Tendons 后蹄筋 Honeycomb Ｔripes 金钱肚 Japan Soft Bone 日式软骨/小排 and etc. Kidney 猪腰 Large Intestine 大肠 Livers 火鸡肝 MDT and etc. Mountain Chains 牛肚梁 Omasum 牛百叶 Oxlips 牛唇 Oxtails 牛尾 Paws 凤爪 Pouch Stoamchs 整肚 Regular Front Feet 猪手
Ribeye/Cube Roll 眼肉 Ribs 带骨肋脊肉 Scalded Aorta 牛心管 Short Cut Front Feet 短切猪手 Short Plate/Brisket Navel End /Navel 胸腹肥牛Shortloin 带骨前腰脊肉 Shortribs 带骨牛小排 Small Intestine 小肠 Snout 猪脸 Split Stomachs 片肚 Striploin 西冷 Super Pastrimi 精修胸腹肥牛 Tails 火鸡尾 Tenderloin 牛柳 Tip-on Tongues 猪舌 Tom / Hen / Regular Drums 公 /母 /常规火鸡琵琶腿Tom / Hen 2-Joint Wings 公 /母火鸡两节翅 Tom / Hen Necks 公 /母火鸡颈 Tom / Hen Thigh 公 /母火鸡大腿 Tom / Hen Wings 公 /母火鸡全翅 Tom/Hen Gizzards 公/母火鸡胗 Tom/Hen Whole Turkey Birds 公 /母整火鸡 Tongues 牛舌 Top Blade Muscle/ Digital Muscle 板腱 Tripe Pieces 肚片 Tripes 牛肚 Tunic Tissue/ Diaphragm Membrane 横隔筋 Un-washed Whole Hearts 未洗整猪心 Whole Wings 整翅 Wing Middle Joint 翅中 Wing Tips 翅尖
欧盟GMP附录11-计算机系统(中英文对照)
EUROPEAN COMMISSION 欧盟委员会 HEALTH AND CONSUMERS DIRECTORATE-GENERAL 卫生与消费者协会 Public Health and Risk Assessment 公共卫生与风险评估 Pharmaceuticals 药品 Brussels, SANCO/C8/AM/sl/ares(2010)1064599 EudraLex The Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Union 欧盟药品生产规范 Volume 4 卷4 Good Manufacturing Practice Medicinal Products for Human and Veterinary Use 人用与兽用药品良好生产管理规范 Annex 11: Computerised Systems 附件11：计算机系统 Legal basis for publishing the detailed guidelines: Article 47 of Directive 2001/83/EC on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use and Article 51 of Directive 2001/82/EC on the Community code relating to veterinary medicinal products. This document provides guidance for the interpretation of the principles and guidelines of good manufacturing practice (GMP) for medicinal products as laid down in Directive 2003/94/EC for medicinal products for human use and Directive 91/412/EEC for veterinary use. 依法发布的具体指导方针：2001/83/EC第47条人用药品规范和2001/82/EC第51条兽用药品规范。此文件为2003/94/EC人用药品和91/412/EEC兽用药品GMP法规、指导方针的解释提供了指导。 Status of the document: revision 1 文件版本：修订本1 Reasons for changes: the Annex has been revised in response to the increased use of computerised systems and the increased complexity of these systems. Consequential amendments are also proposed for Chapter 4 of the GMP Guide. 修订原因：为增强计算机系统的功能和复杂性而修订此附件。相应修正案也已被提议作为GMP指南的第4章。 Deadline for coming into operation: 30 June 2011 生效时间：2011年6月30日
世界手表专业词汇中英文对照
Accuracy （准确度） 钟与表是最古老的，也是最需讲究准确度的机械装置。 一天（86,400秒）中偏离（快或慢）正确时间30秒的机芯（movement），在数学上，误差是0.035％。换句话说，准确度是99.965％。 官方认证的天文台表（chronometers）必须误差低於0.005％的需求，18世纪的怀表，即使经精细的调校，一天的误差仍在半小时左右。 Adjustment （调校） 调校的项目有温度（temperature）、位置（position）与等时性（ Isochronism）。高级钟表通常有冷、热、5方位与等时共8项调校手续。温度调校一般是指4℃、20℃与38℃。 Alarm Watch （闹铃表） 在预设的时间到时会自动发出声响的怀表与腕表。 闹铃表是人类所设计的机械时计中最早期的复杂表之一，16世纪就已出现。当今要找到一苹有闹表装置的古怀表很不易。至於现代的腕表不论是石英的、电子的、手上链或自动上链的很普遍。下列厂牌都有闹铃表∶万宝龙（MONTBLANC）、梭曼（REVUE THOMMEN）、IKEPOD（seaslug alarm）、积家与VULCAIN等。
Analogue，Analog indications （指针式时间显示） 此术语用来表示∶「表的面盘以指针（hands）而非数字（digital）来显示时间」。「指针绕著面盘移动是传统显示时间的方式。近代腕表也有视窗数字型显示月份、星期与日期的，但是时与分仍保留指针式，电子表则大多是数字（digital）指示的。 Annual calandar （年历表或日、月、星三历表） 每逢小月（30天）和二月（是否闰年？）都必须动手调校日期的表。例如百达翡丽的Ref. 5035。 Aperture （孔径、视窗） 在表的面盘上所开的孔或称为视窗。例如雅典（Ulysse Nardin）所生产的 Ludwig式万年历腕表，就有年份、月、星期与日期小视窗。 Arbor （轴、心轴） 机芯运转构造的轮轴（axle），就是arbor（轴、心轴），不过为区分别起见，在平衡轮（bal ance）上的称为staff（轴杆），而在lever（马仔）上称为arbor（心轴）。
各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表
各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表 哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学Chinese Philosophy 外国哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic 西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics 统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学National Defense Economics 法学Law
EU-GMP 附录1 无菌药品 2020年02月20日修订草案 中英文对照版-2
Annex 1 : Manufacture of Sterile Products无菌药品的生产 Document map 目录 8 Production and Specific Technologies生产与具体技术 (2) Terminally sterilized products 最终灭菌产品 (2) Aseptic preparation and processing 无菌准备和处理 (2) Finishing of sterile products无菌产品的最终处理 (6) Sterilization 灭菌 (8) Sterilization by heat 热力灭菌 (10) Moist heat sterilization 湿热灭菌 (11) Dry heat sterilization 干热灭菌 (13) Sterilization by radiation 辐射灭菌 (15) Sterilization with ethylene oxide环氧乙烷灭菌 (15) Filter sterilization of products which cannot be sterilized in their final container非最终灭菌药品的无菌过滤 (16) Form-Fill-Seal 成型-灌-封 (20) Blow-Fill-Seal 吹-灌-封 (20) Lyophilization 冻干 (22) Closed systems 密封系统 (23) Single use systems (SUS) 一次性使用系统 (24) 9 Viable and non-viable environmental & process monitoring 活性和非活性环境和工艺监测 (26) General 综述 (26) Environmental monitoring 环境检测 (26) Environmental monitoring- non-viable particles 非活性粒子的环境检测 (27) Environmental and personnel monitoring-viable particles 环境和人员的监测—活粒子 (29) Aseptic process simulation (APS) (also known as media fill) 无菌模拟灌装 (31) 10 Quality Control (QC) 质量控制 (38) Glossary 术语 (40)
常见营养词汇中英文对照表
中英文名词对照 A 烟曲霉A.fumigatus 构巢曲霉A.nidulans 模式曲霉A.nominus 赭曲霉A.ochraceus 寄生曲霉A.parasiticus 杂色曲霉A.versicolor 吸收剂量absorbed dose 每日允许摄入量acceptable daily intake，ADI 乙酰磺胺酸钾acesuffate potassium 乙酰CoA acetyl CoA 酸价acid value，AV 酸度调节剂acidulating agent 苯乙烯-丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物acrylonitrile butadiene styrene，ABS 苯乙烯与丙烯腈的共聚物acrylonitrile styrene，AS 活性系数activity coefficient，AC 急性暴发性脚气病acute beriberi 生热作用adaptive thermogenesis 腺苷酸环化酶adenylate cyclase 适宜摄入量adequate intake，AI 脂联素adiponectin 青春发育期adolescence 黄曲霉毒素B l Aflatoxin B l，AFB l 丙氨酸alanine(Ala) 白蛋白albumin 尿黑酸尿症alcaptonuria 酒精滥用alcohol abuse 酒精依赖alcohol dependence，alcoholism 糊粉层aleurone layer 白细胞缺乏症alimentary toxic aleukia，A TA 阿力甜alitame 蒜素allicin 蒜苷alliin 蒜氨酸酶allinase 全反式视黄醛all-trans retinal α-胡萝卜素alpha-carotene 交链孢霉属Alternaria 苋菜红amaranth 美国糖尿病协会American Diabetes Association，ADA 氨基酸amino acid 氨基酸模式amino acid pattern 氨基酸池amino acid pool 氨基酸评分amino acid score，AAS
中国药典附录Ⅰ(A-Z)中英文对照
（附录Ⅰ制剂通则） Appendix ⅠGeneral Requirements for Prearations （丸剂）Ⅰ A Pills 丸剂系指药材细粉或药材提取物加适宜的黏合剂或其他辅料制成的珠形或类球形制剂，分为蜜丸、水蜜九、水丸、糊丸、蜡丸和浓缩丸等类型。 Pills are spherical or spherical-like solid dosage forms made of finely powdered crude drugs or crude drug extracts, proper binders or other excipients. They are classified into honeyed pills, water-honeyed pills, watered pills, pasted pills, concentrated pills waxed pills and concentrated pills etc. 蜜丸系指药材细粉以蜂蜜为黏合剂制成的丸剂。其中每丸重量在 0.5g( 含 0.5g)以上的称大蜜丸，每丸重量在0.5以下的称小蜜丸。 Honeyed pills are made of fine powder of crude drugs, using honey as binder. Among them, pills weighing more than 0.5g (including 0.5g) per pill are big honeyed pills, pills weighing less than 0.5g per pill are small honeyed pills. 水蜜丸系指药材细粉以蜂蜜和水为黏合剂制成的丸剂。 Water-honeyed pills are made of fine powder of crude drugs, using honey and water as binders. 水丸系指药材细粉以水（或根据制法用黄酒、醋、稀药汁、糖液等）为黏合剂制成的丸剂。 Watered pills are made of fine powder of crude drugs, using water (or yellow rice wine, vinegar, dilute medicinal juice, dilute syrup) as binder. 糊丸系指药材细粉以米粉、米糊或面糊等为黏合资剂制成的丸剂。 Pasted pills are made of fine powder of crude drugs, using rice powder rice-paste or flour-paste as binder. 蜡丸系指药材细粉以蜂蜡为黏合剂制成的丸剂。 Waxed pills are made of fine powder of crude drugs, using beeswax as binder. 浓缩丸系指药材或部分药材提取浓缩后，与适宜的辅料或其余药材细粉，以水、蜂蜜或蜂蜜和水为黏合剂制成的丸剂。根据所用黏合剂的不间，分为浓缩水丸、浓缩蜜丸和浓缩水蜜丸。 Concentrated pills are made of condensed extract of crude drugs or partial crude drugs, mixing with appropriate excipient or fine powder of other crude drugs, using water, honey or honey and water as binders. They may be classified into concentrated watered pills,
附录(中英文对照)
附录A EuroPean Tunnelling Review Quality，Environment and Safety Focus Bill Weburn (Vinci Construction Grands ProjetsF一92851，France) Abstract This paper provides an overview Of tunnelling projects with some of the themes covered by the Chengdu Tunnelling Conference. (a)Environmental issues and tunnels under high groundwater pressure((Hallandsas Rail Tunnel，Sweden) (b)Fire-fighting and tunnel safety on long highway tunnels(Socatop Tunnel，West Paris) (c)Mechanised tunnelling below the world’s largest airport (HeathrowTS)of a quality that avoids disruption to its operation. Each of these overviews show an enhanced performance in regard to projects specific events or objectives. Particularly，in tunnelling，project owners expect more than just a facility delivered on time for Iheir money: they expect an all roundperformance respecting deadlines，budget，environmental protection，safety，qualily and community harmony. Funding agencies do not always have the same agenda as project owners，acknowledging peripheral selection criteria but often demanding that the lowest bidder be awarded work. All round Performance requires all round project selection criteria. Hallandsas Rail Tunnel，Sweden The Hallandsas Rail Tunnel is located between Malmo and Gothenburg and is part of the Swedish high speed rail link between the Oresund crossing to Denmark and Oslo. Vinci Construction Grands Projets and Skanska are currently working in a joint venture to complete this tunnel，on which work had stopped during the 1905s, after damage to the environment had been sustained.
常用会计分录和会计词汇中英文对照表资料
常用会计分录和会计词汇中英文对照表 一、短期借款： 1、借入短期借款： 借：银行存款 贷：短期借款 2、按月计提利息： 借：财务费用 贷：应付利息 3、季末支付银行存款利息： 借：财务费用 应付利息 贷：银行存款 4、到期偿还短期借款本金： 借：短期借款 贷：银行存款 二、应付票据： 1、开出应付票据： 借：材料采购/库存商品 应交税费——应交增值税（进项税额） 贷：应付票据 银行承兑汇票手续费： 借：财务费用 贷：银行存款 、应付票据到期支付票款：2． 借：应付票据 贷：银行存款 3、转销无力支付的银行承兑汇票票款： 借：应付票据 贷：短期借款 三、应付账款： 1、发生应付账款： 借：材料采购/库存商品/在途物资/生产成本/管理费用/制造费用 应交税费——应交增值税（进项税额） 贷：应付账款 2、偿还应付账款： 借：应付账款 贷：银行存款/应付票据 3、因在折扣期内付款获得的现金折扣偿付应付账款时冲减财务费用：借：应付账款 财务费用 贷：银行存款 4、转销确实无法支付的应付账款： 借：应付账款
贷：营业外收入——其他 四、预收账款： 1、收到预收账款： 借：银行存款 贷：预收账款 、收到剩余货款：2． 借：预收账款 贷：主营业务收入 应交税费——应交增值税（销项税额） 借：银行存款 贷：预收账款 3、预收账款不多的企业，将预收款项记入“应收账款”贷方 收到预付款项： 借：银行存款 贷：应收账款 收到剩余货款： 借：应收账款 贷：主营业务收入 应交税费——应交增值税（销项税额） 借：银行存款 贷：应收账款 五、应付职工薪酬： 1、确认职工薪酬： （1）货币性职工薪酬： 借：生产成本——基本生产车间成本（产品生产人员工资） 制造费用（车间管理人员工资） 劳务成本（生产部门人员工资） 管理费用（管理人员工资） 销售费用（销售人员工资） 在建工程（在建工程人员工资） 研发支出（研发人员工资）． 利润分配——提取的职工奖励及福利基金（外商投资企业提取的职工奖励及福利金）贷：应付职工薪酬——工资/职工福利 （2）非货币性职工薪酬： 自产产品作为非货币性福利发放给职工 借：管理费用/生产成本/制造费用 贷：应付职工薪酬——非货币性福利 将企业拥有的房屋等资产无偿提供给职工使用 借：管理费用/生产成本/制造费用 贷：应付职工薪酬——非货币性福利 借：应付职工薪酬——非货币性福利 贷：累计折旧 租赁住房等资产供职工无偿使用： 借：管理费用/生产成本/制造费用
附录(中英文翻译)格式
附录 The strategy and technique that bids to quote Bid to quote the victory or defeat of the competition, can win a mark, not only be decided by the competitor's economic power and technique level, but also still Be decided to compete whether strategy exactitude and bid to quote of technique usage whether https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ed9846425.html,ually under the circumstance, other condition homologies, quote to lowestly usually win. But, this offer that isn't absolute, have isn't high, but still keep canning not getting the trust of inviting bids the unit, its reason lies in bid the unit could not lift to be advantageous to inviting bids unit of reasonable suggestion, can't make use of to bid the technique and strategy for quoting, as a result, can not win a mark. Therefore, invite bids to bid activity in have to study is biding to quote medium instruction thought, offer strategy, mark technique. Is so-called to bid to quote strategy, mean to bid the unit makes sure under the legal competition condition, according to the real strenght and condition of oneself of bid target, compete counterplan and offer technique. Namely decide to bid to quote behavioral decision thinking and activity, include to bid to quote target, counterplan and technique three main factors. Saying towards biding unit coming is controling the information dynamic state of rival and relevant data behind, generally is at to bid to quote strategy because of with each other vegetable comprehensive analytical foundation up, whether decision takes part in to bid to quote; Make sure after deciding to take part in to bid to quote what kind of bid target; Adopt in the competition what counterplan with win a rival, attain a medium object purpose. This kind of research is analytical, the concrete process that draws up to bid to quote strategy. Bid to quote a target is bid the unit is by particularly biding to conduct; Make use of the management condition and advantage of oneself, pass the means of competition tries hard for the benefits target for attaining. This benefits target is to bid unit management instruction thought of concrete embodiment, is also bid core main factor and choice of quoting the strategy to compete a counterplan and quote the basis of technique. The research bids to quote strategy to bid to quote a target beginning from the analysis,
[专业词典] 施工图中英文对照词汇表
[专业词典] 施工图中英文对照词汇表 设计图 layout；design 施工图 final 平面图 plan 立面图 elevation 轴测图、透视图 isometric drawing；detail drawing 详图、大样图、接点图 record drawing 修改图竣工图 as-completed drawing； as-built drawing 图名 title 图号 drawn No. 比例 scale 温度 temperature 设计温度 design temperature 湿度 humidity 流量 flow 流速 flow velocity 摄氏温度centigrade scale(℃) 华氏温度Fahrenheit scale(°F) 公称直径 nominal diameter(DN) 外径 outside diameter(OD) 内径 inside diameter(ID) 一览表 list； breviate； catalogue 毛重 gross weight 净重 net weight 支座 saddle 支架 support 吊架 cradle 间距 distance； clearance； spacing 跨距 span 焊接 welding 焊缝 weld； welding seam； bead 石棉水泥接口 asbestos-cement joint 青铅接口 lead joint 承口、大头 hub； bell； socket 插口、小头 spigot
压力试验 pressure test 水压试验 hydraulic test 渗漏 leakage 关闭 close 型号、类型 type； model 尺寸、体积 size； volume 额定功率 rating power 额定转速 rotating speed 授权经销商 authorized dealers 原始设备制造商 OEM (Original Equipment Manafacture) 风机动力型VAV-CAV末端 fan power VAV-CAV terminal units 保持最新技术 keep with the latest technology 中国唯一的销售商 the sole Chinese distributor 工程管理，设计，施工，服务，或者商务管理 project management, design, construction, service, or business administration 用于商业和工业空气运动与洁净室的环境控制系统Environment Control System for Commercial & Industrial Air Movement & Clean-rooms 温湿度精确控制 Precision Temperature & Humidity Control 个性化温度控制 Individual Zone Temperature Control 节能 Energy Conservation 能量管理系统 Energy Management Systems 中央冷冻系统 Central Chiller Systems 能量回收系统 Energy Recovery Systems 工作现场，工地 jobsite HVACR系统与BAS/DDC控制系统之间的桥接装置 A Bridge Role in HVAC & R System and BAS/DDC Control HVAC总成本和投资估算 Total HVAC cost and investment evaluation 系统设计和应用 System design and application 系统和设备的选择、效率和运行成本 System and equipment selection, efficiency and operating cost 和其他工种的配合 Coordination with other departments 监督工程进度、分配时间和施工工作 Monitoring project progress, delivery time and construction work 设备购买，运输，质量保证 Appurtenances purchase, delivery and warranties 执行设计计划并应对工程部门的检查Implementing the design plan and subject the work
iso精选中英文对照
Information technology- Security techniques -Information security management systems-Requirements 信息技术-安全技术-信息安全管理体系-要求
Foreword 前言 ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electro technical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. ISO（国际标准化组织）和IEC（国际电工委员会）是为国际标准化制定专门体制的国际组织。国家机构是ISO或IEC的成员，他们通过各自的组织建立技术委员会参与国际标准的制定，来处理特定领域的技术活动。ISO和IEC技术委员会在共同感兴趣的领域合作。其他国际组织、政府和非政府等机构，通过联络ISO和IEC参与这项工作。ISO和IEC已经在信息技术领域建立了一个联合技术委员会ISO/IECJTC1。
公司常用词汇中英文对照表
Abbreviation 缩写Full in English 英文全称 Full in Chinese 中文全称 BU Name： BU Bussines Unit 业务单元 GP Grain Processing 谷物加工 GM Milling and Brewer 面粉和啤酒 OL Oil 油脂 SR Sortex and Rice 大米行业色选机和大米 SO Sortex 非大米色选 MU Mill Unit 制粉单元 GH Grain Handling 港口/码头 MT Malting 麦芽 FP Food Processing 食品加工 PE Pasta and Extrustion 意大利面和挤压 CM Chocolate and Mass 可可浆料 CN Coffee and Nuts 咖啡和坚果 MO Moulding 巧克力成型 AG Aeroglide 阿尔格莱德 AM Advanced Material 高端材料 DC Die Casting 压铸 GD Grinding & Dispersion研磨与分散 TP Thermal Processing 热处理 Department Name： HR Human Resource 人力资源 BA Buhler Academy 布勒学院 GMO Genneral Manager Office 总经理办公室 IT Information Technolgy 电子信息技术 MKT Marketing 市场 AC Application Centre 培训中心 R&D Research & Development 研发中心 FF Fulfillment 项目执行部 QC Quality Control 质量控制 SP Supply Platform 物流和采购 CS Customer Service 客户服务 Others: EBIT Earnings Before Interest and Tax 息税前利润 BCHI Buhler China 布勒中国 BCOM Buhler Commerical 布勒商业 BRDW Buhler Research & Development 布勒研发 BCHA Buhler Changzhou 布勒常州 BWUX Buhler Wuxi 布勒无锡 BSHE Buhler Shenzhen 布勒深圳 BXIA Buhler Xi’an 布勒西安 GPV Global View Program SAP System Application Program 系统应用程序 M2M Market to Market 从市场到市场