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2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析

2018年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）

Section I Use of English

Directions：

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.

In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twistHalf of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.

Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were to

ld only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who kne

w what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound

of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.

The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelt er,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct -it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can insight that curiosity c an drive you to do 14 things is a profound curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experime nt,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant pict ure were less likely to 17 to see such an results suggest that imagining the 18 of following throug

h on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee other words,don'

t read online comments.

1. A. resolve "

B. protect

C. discuss

D. ignore

. refuse B. wait C. seek D. regret

. rise B. last C. mislead *

D. hurt

. alert B. tie C. expose D .treat

. message B. trial C. review D. concept

. remove %

B. weaken

C. deliver

D. interrupt

7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When

8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear …

D. change

9. A. rather than B. such as C. regardless of D. owing to

10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover

11. A. pay /

B. marriage

C. food

D. schooling

. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to

. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence \

D. diligence

. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive . resist B. define C. replace D. trace

. predict ）

B. overlook

C. design

D. conceal

17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend

18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome ·

D. duty

. whether B. why C. where D. how

20. A .limitations B. investments C. strategies D. consequences

1. A

解析：句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。[A]解决[B]保护[C]讨论

[D]忽视，根据动宾搭配关系，解决不确定性搭配合理。

2. C

解析：本题考查动介词搭配。根据原文语境，需要选择一个动词和后面的“to”连用。[A]拒绝做...[B]等待做...[C]寻求，力求做...[D]后悔做...结合文意“人们要___ 满足他们的好奇心”来判断，正选为[C]寻求，力求做。

3. D

解析：根据原文语境，“painful, uncertainty”均为消极词汇。

4. C

解析：固定搭配考查。根据原文语境，考查短语____ sb to sth 意为“让某人承受某事”。因此，C选项为正选。

5. B

解析：根据上文，第二段句首提到in a series of four experiments,说明是在“实验”的语境。结合四个选项，[A]信息[B]实验[C]复习[D]观念，只有B选项和段落语境相符合。因此为正选。'

6. C

解析：动宾搭配。结合语境，“当点击的时候，一半的钢笔会____电流。”根据动宾搭配，本题需要一个动词来搭配电流，考查四个选项，[A]移除[B]削弱[C]传递[D]打扰A选项更符合语境。

7. D

解析：时间状语的考查。结合语境，“___被独自留在房间，学生会....”,因此，这是一个非常明显的时间状语从句。正选为D.

8. A

解析：动词辨析。结合原文语境，由who 引导的定语从句修饰前面的学生，而在定语从句中，又出现由what引导的宾语从句。结合宾语从句的含义，“知道接下来会发生什么”更符合语境。

9. B

解析：结合语境，后面语境为并列关系，因此此题应填举例子。B为正选。

10. D

解析：Discover 与上文中的Curiosity 相对应。

11 C

解析：本词与后文的Basic drives 的详细说明。与shelter一样都属于人类的基本需求。12 D

解析：破折号的内容是对前文instinct 的解释。说明这种本能能够促进新的科学发展，属于因果关系。

13. B

解析：跟前文的drives 相对应。

14. A

解析：本题与前文的backfire相对应，都属于贬义词。

15. A

解析：从后文的试验中，参与者应该被鼓励参与，因此跟前文的坚持相对应。

。

16. A

解析：通过后文的after能看出这个事情并没有发生，因此填预测。

17. B

解析：动宾搭配。

18：C

解析：of 引导的后置定语。由一个人的好奇心所带来的结果。

19：A

解析：whether 引导宾语从句。

20：D

解析：关联对应，对应18题的outcome.

—

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）

Text 1

It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his

efforts to give his students a better future.

is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain

As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.

But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational e ducation “have that stereotype, that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.

On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rigitfully so.

But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors.But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.

In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.

Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversi ty of gifts.

21. A broke n bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of______.

A. mechanical memorization

B. academic training

C. practical ability

D. pioneering spirit

22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.

《

A. are financially disadvantaged

B. are not academically successful

C. have a stereotyped mind

D. have no career motivation

23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.

A. are entitled to more “educational privileges

B. are reluctant to work in manufacturing

C .used to have more job opportunities

D. used to have big financial concerns

24. The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all_____.

。

A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs

B. may narrow the gap in working-class jobs

C. is expected to yield a better-trained workforce

D. indicates the overvaluing of higher education

25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as_____.

A. supportive

B. disappointed

C. tolerant

D. cautious

21. 答案C practical ability

这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。从作者使用问句的形式就可判断出作者并不接受这种观点，即学生只学会书本上的知识而不具备实际能力。再结合上一句话即本段第二句话，Mr Koziatek是New Hampshire高中的一名老师，在这所学校，学习不只是书本上的知识，或者是为了考试，也不是为了机械化的记忆，而是为了实际的技能。能看出，作者认为学生们缺少的是实际技能，所以答案是C practical ability.

22. 答案B are not academically successful

这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词职业教育对孩子存在的偏见可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多职业化教育的学校中，有这样一种老套的思想，那就是，职业教育是针对那些在学术上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根据这句话可确定答案就是B are not academically successful 。其他选项均不符合文意。

23．答案C used to have more job opportunities

这是一道细节推断题，根据题干第五段和high school graduates 回到原文定位致第五段第三句，说到美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的那种the job security已经在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那说明过去的时候高中毕业生是有职业安全感的，故选C，其他选项都不在定位处，可以排除。

24.答案D indicate the overvaluing of higher education

这是一道事实细节题，根据题干内容“the headlong push”找到出处是第六段开头But后，发现后面还有一个and...和其并列，所以主要关注对这两部分的评价，后面有明显的标点：冒号出现，冒号后说that is not the only thing the American economy needs. 可以看出这句话对前面的否定，选项中只有D 选项动词overvalue是负面词，而且提到主题词education。故选D。这道题最适合用感情色彩来排除与D相反的其他三个选项。

25.答案A supportive

这是一道态度题，放在最末的态度题更倾向于到最后一段找答案。通过定位词Koziatek’s school 看到最后一段也确实提到了，说它是一个wake-up call。也就是在唤醒人们教育不应该是统一的形式，这样会overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts，也就是忽视人才的差异性。所以可以看出作者是支持的态度。

Text2

While fossil fuels- coal, oil, gas- still generate roughly 85 percent of the world's energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.

Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted Business to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the stories about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.

[

In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US ,reported the US Energy Information Administration.

President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state's electricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.

The question “what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn'tshine" has provi ded a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage-capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.

The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.

While there's a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does-or doesn't do- to promote alternative energy may mean less and less a time of a global shift in thought.

26. The word "plummeting"(Line 3, is closest in meaning to ______

A. stabilizing

B. changing

C. falling

D. rising

27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America ______

A. is progressing notably

B. is as extensive as in Europe

C. faces many challenges

D. has proved to be impractical

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2018年10月自考英语二真题及答案

2018年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二) 试卷 (课程代码00015) 本试卷共8页。满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。考生答题注意事项： 1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2.第一、二部分在“选择题答题区”作答。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡的相应代码涂黑。 3.第三一七部分在“非选择题答题区”作答。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。第一部分：阅读判断(第l～l0题，每题l分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该旬提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

第二部分：阅渎选择(第11～15题，每题2分，共l0分) 阅渎下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。

第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子(第16～25题，每题l分，共10分)阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第l6～20题后所给的6个选项中为第1～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。

第四部分：填句补文(第26～30题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空自，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。

2018年考研英语二真题

绝密★启用前 2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204） ☆考生注意事项☆ 1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。 2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。 3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。 4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。 5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名

SectionⅠUse of English Directions： Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3. In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct–it can12new scientific advances, for instance–but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one. Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.“Thinking about long-term 20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.In other words,don’t read online comments.

2018MBA英语真题-英语二试题

2018年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二） Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a goo d instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can in sight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they wo uld feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an results sug gest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help det ermine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing t he possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee other words,don't read online comments. 1. A. resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore . refuse B. wait C. seek D. regret . rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt . alert B. tie C. expose D .treat . message B. trial C. review D. concept . remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt 7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When 8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change 9. A. rather than B. such as C. regardless of D. owing to 10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover 11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. schooling . begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to