状语从句与同位语从句

状语从句

状语从句放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。

9种含义：时间/地点/原因/目的/结果/方式/让步/条件/比较

一．时间状语从句

1.when(当……时）, as(当，一边……一边）, while(在……期间）；

when引导的从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生，从句动作先于主句动作；用as,while时则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。

1)It was raining ______ we arrived.

_______ the air moves, it is called wind.

I’ll go on with the work _____ I come back tomorrow.

______ I pressed the button, the radio stopped.

______ my cousin came yesterday, I was playing basketball.

2)______ I was reading, he came in.

______ you were away, two persons came to see you.

______ the teacher explained the text, the students listened and took notes.

3)______ he walked along the street, he sang happily.

_____ the boys walked the lake,they sang happily/merrily.

2.after, before, since（自从）, till/until(直到）, whenever（任何时候）；

till/until 表示“一直到……”时，主句和从句都用肯定式；表示“直到……才……”时，主句用否定式，从句用肯定式。

1)_____ the chairman declared the Congress open, the band played the National Anthem.(主席宣布大会开幕后，乐队奏国歌。)

2)He was at school ______ he became a solider.(当兵之前，他在念书。)

3)You haven’t changed much ______ last we met.(自我们上次见面以后，你变得不多。)

4)Let’s wait _____________ the rain stops.

He worked ______ it was dark.

5)He did not get up ____ his mother came in.

I woke up______ she came back.

I didn’t wake up______ she came back.

6)_______ he had time, the factory director would drop in to have a chat with the old workers.(厂长只要有空，就去找老工人谈心。)

3.as soon as/the moment（一……就）；no sooner …than/hardly（scarcely）…when…（刚……就），主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时；而且主句一般倒装，把助动词had提到前面。

1)__________ the workers got to the shop(车间), they got down to work.

__________ I finish the work, I’ll go to see you.

2)You can have the magazine_________ I finish reading it.

3)_______ had I entered the room _____ I heard a loud voice.

_____had he arrived _____it began to rain.

Hardly _______when the bus suddenly pulled away.

A.they had got to the bus stop

B.they got to the bus stop

C.did they get to the bus stop

D.had they got to the bus stop

4)No sooner ________his talk than he ________the workers.

A.he finished,surrounded all

B.did he finish,did surround

C.had he finished,was surrounded by

D.after he finished,was surrounded near

二．地点状语从句

由where和wherever引导。

Eg. I found my books where I had left them.(我在丢了书的地方找到我的书。)

He was always ready to give help where help was needed.(在需要帮助的时候，他总是乐于助人。)

Where there is a will, there is a way.(有志者事竞成。）

Wherever you plant things they generally grow.(不管在什么地方种东西，一般都会生长的。)

※where/when引导的定语从句和状语从句：

Eg. We shall go where working conditions are difficult.

We shall go to the place where working conditions are difficult.

Eg. You should make it a rule to leave things____ you can find them again.

This is the place where we lived for 5 years.

This is the house where he lived last year.

This is the house that/which he visited last year.

Eg. I will never forget the day ______ I met Mr. Liu.

You can ask me for help ______ you have any problems.

三．原因状语从句

语气：because>as>since>for>now that

1.because—表示直接或明确的原因或理由，位置可在主句前，或者在主句后。

※只用because的情况：

1）回答why(为什么?)提出的问题,它所引导的从句是全句重心所在；

Eg. —Why is he absent?——Because he is ill.

Maize is also called Indian corn because it was first grown by the American Indians.(因为玉米是美洲印第安人首先种植的，所以又叫做印第安玉米。——回答“为什么？”)

We work hard at English because we want to communicate with English-speaking people.

2）用来引导表语从句；

He did not speak to you,it was because he didn’t recognize you.

3）用在强调原因状语从句的强调句中；

It is because he is lazy that he hasn’t finished the homework.

4）当从属连词前有only,just,simply修饰时。

You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.

2.since和as相似，它们引导的状语从句强调的是结果，不强调原因，因此它们引导的从句通常放在主句前。

1）since比as在语气上强，表示自然的因果关系，相当于“既然”的意思，表示稍加分析后的原因，而且多少是对方已知悉而不待言的。Since侧重点是主句的内容，原因只做附带说明。

Eg. Since I’m here today, I saw everything,(今天我既然来了，我一切都看见了。——since表示已知悉的原因)

Since he is busy, I won’t trouble him.

Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, you’d better give him a chance.(既然许多人一生都会犯一些错误，你最好给他一个机会。)

Since the two children were brought up in the south, they have never seen snow.(因为这两个孩子在南方长大，他们从来没有见过雪。)

Since his method doesn’t work, let’s try yours.

2）as表示原因的语气最弱，常用于讲话人认为某种理由很明显或对方很熟悉，不需要突出。

Eg. As it was raining hard, they stayed home.(由于雨下得很大，他们只好呆在家里。——as表示较明显的原因)

As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain,

As it was getting very late, we had to go home.

As he didn’t know much English, he often took a dictionary with him.

As you object, I’ll reconsider the plan.

3※for与because在用法和意义上的区别:

1）for引导的句子是等立分句，只能后置，并用逗号与前面的句子隔开，for引导的句子一般不放在句首。for是一个并列连词，并不是从属连词，不是用来说明一种原因，它主要用来为表示推测性原因，或附带解释、说明前一分句的情况。for所表示的原因往往提供上文未交代过的情况。

Eg. The days are short, for it is now December.(白天短了，因为现在已是十二月。——for表示或补充新的情况)

The electric current must have been turned off, for the light went out.(for表示推测性原因)

2)because属于连词，用来引导表示直接原因的从句，语气很强，明确地说明因果关系。它引导的从句可以置于句首、句末甚至句中。

Eg. Because he is ill, he is absent today.

He is absent today, because he is ill.

3)for引导分句表示因果关系时，它可以和because互换使用。Eg. He is absent today, because/for he is ill.

for表示推测性原因，就不能互换使用。

He must be ill, for he is absent today.

4.now that(既然)和since的意义和用法相同，其中that可以省去，用来表示一种新的情况，再来加以推论。

Eg. Now that you are well again, you can go on with your work.(既然你恢复了健康，你又能继续工作了。)

Now (that) you can free today, you may have a rest at home or go out for a walk.（既然今天有空，你就可以在家休息或出去散步。）

Now that everybody is here, let’s begin our discussion.(大家都到了，我们就开始讨论吧。)

四．目的状语从句

so(使得)，that（以便），so that(为了，使得), in order that（这样……就）, in case（以免）, lest（以免，以防）

Eg. Bring it closer so I may see it better.

They have died that liberty might live.(他们为自由的生存而死的。)

They set out early (so) that they can arrive in time.

I’ve sent the letter first class so (that) it’ll get there tomorrow.(我快邮了这封信，以便明天即可到达。)

I am saving money so that I can buy a house.

The teacher spoke loudly in order that everybody could/might hear him.

※lest/in case从句中一般要用虚拟语气，形式为“should+动词原形”或只用动词原形。In case从句中有时也可以用陈述语气。

Eg. Take your raincoat in case it rains/it (should) rain.(带上雨衣，以防下雨。)

I’ll explain it to him lest he (should) doubt me.(我要向他解释这件事，以免他怀疑我。)

I emphasized it again and again lest you (should) forget.

You’d better take more clothes in case that the weather gets cold.

I’ll take a raincoat with me in case it rains.

五．结果状语从句

so that(以致于),so…that…(如此……以致于……),such…that(如此的……以致于)

Eg. He was ill so that he didn’t go.

He fell in the water, so that all his clothes got wet.

He drove _____ carelessly _____ his car crashed into a tree.

She was _____ a nice girl _____ everyone liked her.

It was ______ hot a day _____ we couldn’t sleep.

It was ______ a hot day _____ we couldn’t sleep.

(天如此热以至于我们都睡不着觉。)

It is _____ a heavy box ______ nobody can move it.

The box is _____ heavy ______ nobody can move it.

※如果名词前有表示量的形容词(a) few,(a) little, many,much修饰时用so,而不用such.

Eg. He has had so many falls that he is black and blue all over.

Such a little animal eat so much food.

六．方式状语从句

as(正如)，as if(as though,好像，宛如)

Eg. You may do as you please.(你愿怎么干都行。)

Please state the facts as they are.

The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.

The boy talks as if he were an adult.

He opened his slips as if to speak.

七．让步状语从句

although(though虽然),as(尽管),even if(even though即使),no matter who/how/where/when…(不管……)/whether…or not

1)汉语常成对地使用“虽然……但是”，“因为……所以”。但英语里一般用“虽然”，就不用“但是”；用了“因为”，就不用“所以”。though是一般用语，although较为正式，语气比though强。它们表示同一意义时，常可互换使用。汉语“虽然……但是”译为英语，如用though/although时，强调反面可用yet或still,不能用but.

Eg.Although he is very busy, he has never been absent from the evening class.

Because it looked like rain, they decided to cancel the trip.

Eg.Though/Although the factory is small, yet its products are of very good quality.

Though he was angry, he listened to me patiently.

Although he had never been to Mexico, he had heard a lot about it.

2)让步状语从句由as引导时,句子要用倒装语序，须将作表语的形容词或名词（名词前不用冠词）放在句首。

Eg. Hard as the conditions were, George persevered in his studies.(条件再坏，乔治也坚持学习。)

Late as it was, they continued the work.(时间尽管不早了，他们仍然继续工作。)

Clever as he is, he doesn’t study well.

_______________, he knows a lot of things.

A. A child as he is

B. As he is a child

C. Child as he is

D. Child as is he

3)even if/even though

Eg. Even if (though) you say so, I do not believe it.(即使你这样说，我也不信。)

I will not ask him to help even though he is willing to.

※副词性让步状语从句表示事实情况时，从句谓语动词通常用陈述语气，指把握不大或假设的事情时，动词用虚拟语气。

Eg. We won’t give up____________ we should fail ten times.

A.even if

B.since

C.whether

D.until

4)no matter what/which/who/how/where/when…=whatever/whichever/whoever/however/wherever/whenever(不管……)

※no matter what/which引导让步状语从句，不可引导名词性从句，而whatever/whichever可以引导宾语从句等。

Eg. She says she’ll go no matter who/whoever tries to stop her.

I’ll remember __________the teacher teaches us.

A.that

B.no matter what

C.whatever

D.no matter which

Give it to _______ you like.

A.whom

B.whoever

C.who

D.when

_______ she did was right. So everyone always believed (in) her.

A.What

B.Whatever

C.How

D.When

These wild flowers are so special I would do ____ I can to save them.

A. whatever

B. that

C. which

D. whichever

We’ll have to finish the job,______________________.

A.long it takes however

B.it takes however long

C.long however it takes

D.however long it takes

5)whether…or not

Eg. I am going whether it is raining or not.(不论下不下雨，我都要去。)

Eg. I don’t mind _______ they will come.

A.if or not

B.whether or not

C.whether or no

D.if or no

八．条件状语从句

if/ unless(除非，若不)/suppose(假设)/supposing(假设)/provided(假若，设若)/as (so) long as(只要)

Eg. If we open the window, the flies come in.

Eg. He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business.(除非有急事，他一定会来。)

Eg. Suppose(Supposing) he does not come, what shall we do?(他要是不来，我们该怎么办？)

Eg. You can borrow it as long as you don’t treat it roughly.(你可以借去，只要你不粗暴对待它。)

九．比较状语从句

as…as;not so…as;than;the +比较级，the +比较级

※当as/than引导的从句的主语为人称代词时，可以用主语，也可以用宾格。

Eg. He is as tall as I/me.--------He is taller than I/me.

Guilin is as beautiful as Hangzhou.

Lesson Ten is not so difficult as Lesson Nine.

——Is Africa as large as Asia? ——No,Africa is not as large as Asia.

I don’t get up as/so early as you(do).

Canada is a little bigger than the United States.

I know you better than he does.

The more we can do for you,the happier we will be.我们为你们做得越多，越感到高兴。

The sooner,the better.越快越好。

The greater the mass of a body,the greater is inertia/i’ne:jie/.物体的质量越大，它的惯性就越大。

同位语从句

在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。

一．常跟的抽象名词有:

fact/ idea/reason/thought/order/ doubt/news/hope/truth/belief/theory/decision/discovery/problem/evidence/opinion…

The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.

The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.

Word came that their team had won.

The fact that you haven’t enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable.

The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true.

The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all.

The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.

1.Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. Whether

2.There’s a feeling in me ___ we’ll never know what a UFO is –not ever.

A. that

B. which

C. of which

D. What

3.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.

A. which

B. that

C./

D. It

4.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.

A. when

B. which

C. what

D. that

※同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子, 谓语动词用be的不同形式。

He heard the news that their team had won.（此句可以变为一个表语从句:The news was that their team had won.）

＠同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开.

二．连词：that/whether/who/ which/ what /when/why/how

I have no idea when he will come back.

※宾语从句与同位语从句：I didn’t know that you were here.——I had no idea that you were there.

※定语从句与同位语从句：

That在同位语从句中只连接主句和从句,在从句中不充当成分，名词性；that在定语从句中代替先行词,在从句中充当成分，形容词性。

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.

2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.

The news that they won the match is true.(同位语从句, news和从句没有逻辑关系)

The news that you told us yesterday is true.(定语从句, news是told的逻辑宾语)

The order when we should go back hasn’t reached us.(同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关系)

The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten.(定语从句, day是founded 的逻辑状语)

Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed.

Do you know the place where he was born?

※引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。

The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true.

The news (that) he told me is exciting.

判断下面的句子是什么从句：

1.The news that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all.( )

2.The news that you heard is not true. ( )

3.Have you any idea who he went with? ( )

4.Is there any hope that they will be home in time? ( )

5.The problem that you referred to doesn’t exist at all. ( )

The news that we had successfully sent up another communication satellite spread throughout the world.

2. That’s the best piece of news I’ve heard.

3. I’ve no hope that my parents have been expecting to me.

4. Is there any hope that he will be home at 7:30?

5. The possibility that you referred to doesn’t exist at all.

6. The fact that we talked about is very important.

7. There is a strong possibility that we may be in France for the next week.

※连接词代词what/which/who引导的同位语从句,在从句中充当成分:

1.The question _____ should go abroad hasn’t been decided yet.

2.I have no idea ______one I should choose.

※连接词副词when/where/why/how引导的同位语从句:

1.I’ve got a good idea _____ they left early.我了解他们为什么离开得那么早.

2.The question _______ we should go has not been decided.我们还没决定好去哪儿.

3.I have no idea when they will go.

4. I have no idea how she got through the forest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句）※连接词whether引导的同位语从句,只用whether引导,不用if.

The problem ________ is right hasn’t been proved.这个问题是否正确还未被证实.

The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.

The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.

练习：把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。

1. Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.

2. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.

3. Teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time on line. /Many Chinese parents hold the view.

4. Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea.

5. Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.

6 They had the question. Could he pass the final exam?

7.Who did the damaged computer belong to? No one had any idea.

8.The problem has been solved. Why were so many areas flooded during the heavy storm?

1. One of them held the view __ the book said was right.

A. what that

B. that what

C. that

D. Whether

2.The reason ___ he has to go is ___ his mother is ill in bed.

A. why ; why

B. why; because

C. why ; that

D. that ; because

3.They received orders ___ the work be done right away. A. which B. that C. / D. When

4.You can take the seat____ is free. A. which B. that C. where D. in which

5.The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

A. until

B. that

C. when D .where

6.He’s got himself into a dangerous situation __ he was likely to lose control over the plane.

A. where

B. which

C. what

D. why

7.That’s the only thing ___ he can do now A. which B. all C. that D. What

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ee9986753.html,rmation has been put forward ___ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while

B. that

C. when

D. as

9.Along with the letter was his promise ___ he would visit me this coming Christmas.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

10.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need ____.

A. that; to be improved

B. which; to be improved

C. where; improving

D. when; improving

11.Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _____ a cure for AIDS will be found.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

(完整版)同位语从句和定语从句练习

同位语从句讲解与练习 1定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句，用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。 2.连接词：that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。引导同位语从句时一般都不省略。if一般不引导同位语从句that, whether不作成分，whether表示“是否” E.g. They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？ I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句，在句中作成分。 E.g. The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。 We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。 3.可跟同位语从句的名词或短语 不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有： belief doubt explanation hope idea news opinion possibility statement thought wish truth fact question promise problem reply report suggestion advice fear warning understanding feeling rumor certainty probability on condition on the understanding with the exception in spite of the fact E.g. Daniel will be allowed to make a trip to China on condition that he gets an A in all his school subjects. 4同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1）that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别 句法功能上 that引导的同位语从句that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。 that引导的定语从句that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。 意义上 同位语从句是被修饰名词的内容。定语从句起限定作用，是定语。 如： The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。 The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作的宾语，可省)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。 2）wh-类词引导的两种从句的区别 who, whom, whose, when, where, why 引导定语从句，它们分别指前面先行词所表示的人、物、时间、地点、原因，否则为同位语从句。在同位语从句中，wh-类词表示疑问。

表语从句和同位语从句练习

表语从句和同位语从句 Ⅰ语法填空单句训练（用适当的连接词填空） 1.I have made a promise ________I will buy her many gifts. 2.He is quite able; the question is ________he is willing to do such a job. 3.The news ________Tim has bought a big house in Beijing is true. 4.________ I can’t understand is ________ so few students are interested in my lecture. 5.We don’t care about the problem ________oil is expensive. 6.The good news is ________they have arrived there in time. 7.The fact ________ the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 8.The only doubt is ________has taken away my e-dictionary. 9.The question ________ the actress was killed is still under discussion. 10.Our school is not________ it used to be ten years ago. Ⅱ单项选择 1.Some experts think the wolf’s team spirit for survival is ________needed in today’s competitive culture. A. that B. what C. which D. how 2. --- He is eager to try something he has never tried before. ---Oh. I see. That’s ________he is different from others. A. when B. where C. how D. what 3. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea ________the party to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where 4. The reason ________his coming to Beijing was ________he wanted to study Chinese Medicine. A. for; what B. why; that C. why; because D. for; because 5. The moment ________Leo will never forget is ________Mr. Green gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing. A. that; when B. that; that C. when; that D. when; where 6. --- Mrs. Jackson, Dr Ellis i8s here. How is that new tooth? ---Not so good, doctor, that’s ________ I’m calling about. A. when B. why C. how D. what 7. The question remains ________we should accept their invitation. A. whether B. that C. if D. why 8. Honesty is a kind of quality and that’s ________it takes to communicate with others successfully. A. what B. why C. how D. which 9. What the boss really doubts is ________his employees will go on working in the factory. A. that B. what C. when D. whether 10. ---I rang you at about nine, but there was no reply. --- Oh, that was probably ________ I was seeing the doctor. A. why B. when C. what D. that 11. We all know the truth ________there is air, water and sunlight, there are living things. A. where B. wherever C. that D. that where 12. The professor gives every one of us the impression ________he is a real expert in his field. A. which B. what C. where D. that 13. The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 14. ---Always lock your bike to a bike rack, even if you are only away for a minute. ---That is ________ I agree with you. A. What B. Where C. that D. when

从句归纳区分定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句

从句小结 从句总述： 从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。 由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词，故而这4种从句又通称名词性从句。 1.主语从句（Subject Clause）：用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。 2.表语从句（Predicative Clause）：用作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。 3.宾语从句（Object Clause）：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 4. 同位语从句（Appositive Clause）：在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。其关联词多为that。 状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句等。 宾语从句 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：时态、语序、连接词。 一：时态和语序 1·主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2·主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3·主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。 语序：宾语从句只能用陈述句语序，坚决不能用疑问句语序。 二：连接词 ①从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that，if，whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. 例句： He told that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. ②连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. 例句： Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗 ③连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. 例句： He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.

定语从句与同位语从句(全)

教案7.21 定语从句详细讲解 一、定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用： A.引导定语从句； B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.

简单句与宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句英语语法培训教材

简单句与宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句英语语法培训教材

1简单句与宾语从句 (2) 1.1陈述句作宾语 (2) 1.2一般疑问句作宾语 (3) 1.3特殊疑问句作宾语 (3) 2简单句与表语从句 (5) 2.1陈述句作表语 (5) 2.2一般疑问句作表语 (5) 3简单句与同位语从句 (6) 3.1陈述句作同位语 (6) 3.2一般疑问句作同位语 (7) 3.3特殊疑问句作同位语 (7) 本章小结 (8) 1简单句与宾语从句 名词从句的本质是用三种句子（陈述句、一般问句和特殊问句）充当四种句子成分（主语、宾语、表语和同位语）。所以，当用三种句子充当另外一个句子的宾语时，就构成了宾语从句。因此，本节内容安排如下： 1.1陈述句作宾语 1.2一般疑问句作宾语 1.3特殊疑问句作宾语 1.1陈述句作宾语 把“that＋陈述句”这一结构放在宾语的位置即构成宾语从句。请看例句： 1We know(that) the world is round.我们知道，地球是圆的。 2I think(that) a sound knowledge of grammar is indispensable to good writing.我认为扎

实的语法功底对良好的写作极为重要。 需要注意的是，只有宾语从句中的that才可以省去（在不影响对句意的理解的情况下），而主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的that一般不能省去。 1.2一般疑问句作宾语 把“whether/if＋陈述句”这一结构放在宾语的位置即构成宾语从句。请看例句： 1I don't know if/whether he needs my help我不知道他是否需要我的帮助。 2No one knew whether or not interest rates would rise 没有人知道利率是否会提高。 这里原来的一般问句是would interest rates rise，变成陈述句语序后成为interest rates would rise，然后为了保留疑问的意义又添加了whether or not，于是便有了whether or not interest rates would rise，在主句的谓语knew后面作宾语，即构成宾语从句。需要提醒的是，因为一般不说if or not，所以这里的连词不宜用if，而要用whether。 注意：只有宾语从句才可以用if引导，主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句一般都要用whether引导。 1.3特殊疑问句作宾语 把特殊疑问句变成陈述句语序后放在宾语的位置即构成宾语从句。请看例句： 1I have not decided whom I should vote for我还没有决定该投谁的票。 这里的特殊疑问词whom是作vote for的宾语，所以需将原来的倒装句whom should I vote for调整为陈述句语序whom I should vote for，然后作主句谓语decided的宾语，即构成宾语从句。 2No one knows exactly how speech began没有人确切地知道语言是如何产生的。 这里的特殊疑问词how是作began的方式状语，所以需将原来的倒装句how did speech begin调整为陈述句语序how speech began，然后作主句谓语knows的宾语，即构成宾语从句。 3Could you tell me where the post office is? 你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗？

同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别

同位语从句与定语从句的三点区别 同位语从句与定语从句很相似,但还就是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面: 1、从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能就是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibilit y,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词,而定语从句的先行词可以就是名词、代词、主句的一部分或就是整个主句。如: The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed、人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性(同位语从句) We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting、我们正在调查的问题不就是她就是否值得信赖的问题(同位语从句) Word came that he had been abroad、据说她已经出国了(同位语从句) Our team has won the game, which made us very happy、我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴(定语从句) The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room、您找的那位医生在房间里面(定语从句) His mother did all she could to help him with his study、她妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助她的学习(定语从句,代词all作先行词?) 2、从性质上区别 定语从句就是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句就是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明与解释,属于名词性从句的范畴如:

定语从句和同位语从句区别归纳

定语从句和同位语从句的区别 一、定语从句是形容词从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的；同位语从句是名词从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。例如： 1．We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。 2．We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。 例1中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词，其作用是修饰the news；例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词，是对the news的进一步说明。 二、定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。例如： 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。 2. The fact that they didn't finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实，他们没有完成工作。 例1中的引导词that在从句中充当句子成分，作从句的主语，故为定语从句；例2中的that只起连接作用，引导从句解释fact的内容，不作任何句子成分，故为同位语从句。 引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。 三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略，更不能被代替。例如： 1. The news that she heard is true. 她听到的消息是真的。 2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这消息是真的。 例1是定语从句，that可省略；例2是同位语从句，that不能省略。 3. The reason why he was chosen remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。 4. The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. 他为什么会被选上，这一想法引起我们的注意。

从句归纳 区分定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句之欧阳家百创编

从句小结 欧阳家百（2021.03.07） 从句总述： 从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。 由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词，故而这4种从句又通称名词性从句。 1.主语从句（Subject Clause）：用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。 2.表语从句（Predicative Clause）：用作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。 3.宾语从句（Object Clause）：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 4. 同位语从句（Appositive Clause）：在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。其关联词多为that。状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句等。 宾语从句

学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：时态、语序、连接词。 一：时态和语序1·主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2·主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3·主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。 语序：宾语从句只能用陈述句语序，坚决不能用疑问句语序。 二：连接词 ①从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that，if，whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. 例句：He told that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. ②连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. 例句：

名词性从句学案语法精讲主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句经典习题含答案

名词性从句名词性从句（主语、表语、宾语、同位语从句） （一）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： 4．(1) 从属连词that。如： That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that 从句。如： It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。。 C.It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如： It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。 D.It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如： It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。 F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？ G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如： How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！ 2．注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义 Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。 （二）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类：

定语从句和同位语从句的区别

定语从句和同位语从句的区别 定语从句与同位语从句是高中英语教学内容的重点，也是英语阅读中的难点，它们相似的位置，使许多学生往往混淆，阻碍了对文章的理解。那么，如何正确地区分定语从句与同位语从句呢？ 一、从意义上讲，定语从句的作用相当于一个形容词，是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的；同位语从句的作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。例如： 1．We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。（定语从句） 2．We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。（同位语从句） 二、从引导词的句法功能上讲，定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。例如： 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。 2. The fact that they didn't finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实，他们没有完成工作。 三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略，更不能被代替。例如： 1. The news (that) she heard is true. 她听到的消息是真的。 2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这消息是真的。 3. The reason why (= for which) he was chosen remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。 4. The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. 他为什么会被选上，这一想法引起我们的注意。 四、同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系，二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系，可用“主+系+表”结构来表示，即添加法。而定语从句所修饰的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语。例如：The news that he won the first place is true. 他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。 (上句若用“主+系+表”结构来表示，则是: The news is that he won the first place. 消息是他赢得了冠军。 意思合理，系表结构成立，故为同位语从句.) The reason (that )he explained is true. 五、定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是各类名词，可以有复数形式；而同位语从句一般都与抽象名词同位，(如：idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question，thought，belief，conclusion)，一般没有复数形式。例如： 1. The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.她得到的可能性似乎大些。（possibilities是定语从句的先行词，可用复数形式） 2. Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter dislike to go to school. 她的母亲很担心，她女儿有可能不喜欢上学。（possibility是抽象名词，后接的是同位语从句，一般不用复数形式） 六、由when, why, where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词，但它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。例如： 1. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得初次来北京的那天。 2. I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道她何时回来。 3. This is the house where I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住的房子。 4. The question where we shall have a meeting hasn't decided. 我们到什么地方去开会，这个问题没有决定。例1、3中的when和where引导的是定语从句，day 和house分别表示时间和地点；例2、4中的when 和where引导的是同位语从句。

定语从句与同位语从句的区分

定语从句与同位语从句的区分 一、定语从句相当于一个形容词, 它对先行词起修饰、描述和限制的作用。同位语从句相当于名词，属于名词性从句，它是对前面名词内容的具体表述，它们之间的关系是同位关系。试比较： The news that you heard is not true. 你听到的那个消息不是真的。（定语从句） The news that he has died is true. 他已经去世的消息是真的。（同位语从句，说明了news 的具体内容，即he has died） 二、同位语从句常跟在news, fact, promise, idea, word, message, hope, truth, answer, proposal, suggestion, order, information 等少数名词之后，而一般名词之后都可跟定语从句。如： The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。 He didn\\'t give the answer why he was late. 他没回答他为什么迟到这个问题。（同位语从句） Then rose a question where we should go. 于是产生了一个问题：我们该到哪里去？（同位语从句） 三、that 在定语从句中充当某一成分, 是关系代词; that 在同位语从句中不作任何成分，仅把主句与从句连接在一起，是从属连词。如： The fact that just now you talked about interests me. 你们刚才谈论的事情使我感兴趣。（定语从句） The fact that he failed in the exam made his parents very angry. 他考试没及格这个事实使他的父母很生气。（同位语从句） 四、when, where, why, how, who, whom, which 如果引导定语从句, 它们分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因、方式、人和物，否则引导的就是同位语从句。试比较：

高考英语语法——同位语从句

Grammar—appositive clauses＆predicative clauses 名词性从句之同位语＆表语从句 同位语从句： I.明确概念与特征： 1. 同位语从句常放在名词之后，用来补充说明名词的具体内容。常用来接同位语从句的名词有news, idea, promise, question, doubt, wonder, fact, hope, wish, suggestion, advice, possibility, message, word, belief, information等。常用来引导同位语从句的连词有that, what, who, whether以及连接副词where, when, why, how 等。如： The news that their children couldn’t come back on time worried all the parents. I had no idea when the storm would end. 2. 不过有时候为了保持句子结构平衡，同位语从句也不一定直接放在名词后，而会出现隔离情况。如： Word came that the sports meet had been put off. Suddenly a good idea occurred to me that I could buy my teacher a gift. 3. 同位语从句前名词的数 同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词加以修饰。如：Where did you get the idea that I could not come? Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. Exciting word came that I passed the exam. II. 正确选用引导词 一般来说根据句意来确定相应的引导词，并且从句要用陈述句的语序。 1.that引导同位语从句时在句中不作任何成分，但不可省略； The idea that we play football after class is great. 2.在表示是否的意思时连词只能用whether而不能用if； The question whether you can go to an ideal university depends on your effort. 3.从句若缺少主语,宾语或定语用连接代词（what, who, whom, whose, which），若缺少状语用连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导。 I have no idea which mobile phone is the best—it’s a matter of personal taste. At last I made a decision that I would never come back again. The question what we should do with this situation is under discussion. All of us had no idea why he refused our help. The question why he didn’t attend the meeting puzzled us. We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light. 4.在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如： There is no doubt that we will win the final match. I have a doubt whether he will finish the job on time. III. 注意从句中的时态 一般来说同位语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致。但在表示请求、命令、建议等意思的名词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词应用(should) do，(如demand, wish, suggestion, advice，order等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如 I have no idea when he will be back. I accepted my father’s advice that I (should) apologize to my friend.

同位语从句与定语从句的区别(很经典的区别,有配套练习与答案)

同位语从句与定语从句的区别（配练习与答案） 一、复习定语从句 1.定义：该句子在复合句中作定语，像形容词一样起修饰作用。 2.特点：1)用陈述句语序。2) 去掉从句主句仍是一个完整的句子。 3.位置：位于所修饰的名词之后，该名词叫做先行词。 4.引导词：1）关系代词： a) 在从句中可做主语，宾语，定语。 b) 分为：先行词为人：who(主，宾)，whom(宾)，whose(定), that（主，宾） 先行词为物：which(主，宾), that（主，宾）,whose（定） eg：The lady who is standing behind Tom is my sister. This is the book which I bought yesterday. c) 关系代词在从句中作宾语常常省略。 2）关系副词：a)在从句中作状语。 b)分为：when , where, why eg：He came last night when I was out. 新内容： 1.词类：同从的名词只能是抽象名词;定从可是名词也可是代词 I can’t stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly. His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 2.性质：同从对前面的抽象名词进一步解释说明;定从对先行词进行修饰和限制。 The news that our team has won the game was true. The news that he told me yesterday was true.

同位语,主语,宾语从句

同位语从句:解释前面的名词 E.g news,fact,suggestion,order,promise,idea等 连接次不能省略,that无具体意思,不翻译 连接词:how what when where whether why that The fact that you do not have summer holiday makes me very sad Y ou agree the suggestion that I memories some words and study grammar The suggestion that we are going to visit the Hangzhou is very good I make my decision that I will come back for China next month 我不介意你是胖是瘦 我不能忍受她哭的噪音 他怎么回家的我没印象了 主语从句:从句充当主语 E.g. What I have said yesterday is important. 连接词主语be动词宾语 What we need is time That he will win the match is certain

连接词:that, what whether 形式主语:it is a question whether he will come or not It is a reported that 据报道it seems that 似乎 It has been proved that 已证明 That I have received a call from my mother made me surprised last week It is surprised that I have received a call from my mother last week 主语从句和形式主语的转换 你是否能明白它是个问题 主语从句: 形式主语: 我想知道你能不能明白这个单词 宾语从句:从句充当宾语 Y ou told me (that) you had understood the sentences I do not know whether there will be a bus or not Do you know who has broken the window? He did not tell me when we would meet again 我妈告诉我她要去超市