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黄冈英语速提分辅导中心—语法讲解与练习

初一英语语法系列讲座

第一讲：动词

（一）Be 动词（am, is, are）的用法

口诀：I 用am , you 用are ,is 连着他（he）她（she）它（it）。单数统统用is，复数一律都用are. 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃，变否定，更容易，be 后not莫忘记，疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。

注意：be 动词通常会和其他词连写在一起，如：I‘m , what‘s ,name‘s, they‘re等

For example：-What is your name?= -What‘s your name?

-My name is Cindy. = -My name‘s Cindy.

-Are you a student? = -Are you a student?

-Yes, I am a student. = –Yes, I‘m a student.

-What are they? =-What are they?

-They are apples. =They‘re apples.

What is this? =What‘s this?

练习题一

I ________ a student. You ________ Japanese.

He _______ my brother. She_______ very nice.

My name ________Harry. I _______ 10 years old.

LiLei _________ very tall. Mary, this _________ Tom.

What_____ this? Miss Zhou ________ my teacher.

This book________ very interesting. Li Lei and I __________ good friends.

These ________ apples. Those_________ bananas.

They _________students. There _______ some bread on the plate.

The cat________ black. ________ she from China?

________ you good at English? The books ________ on the desk.

The black pants ______ for Su Yang. This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil.

Here ______ some sweaters for you. There ______ a girl in the room.

This pair of boots ______ for Yang Ling. ______ David and Helen from England?

_______ there any kites in the classroom? Gao Shan's shirt _______ over there.

Some tea ______ in the glass. My sister's name ______Nancy.

_______ there any apple juice in the bottle? My telephone number ________ 8563-0770.

第二讲：一般现在时：

（1、现在的状态。2、经常或习惯性动作。3、主语所具备的性格和能力。4、真理。）

1、标志：often（经常）,usually（通常）,sometimes（有时）,always（总是）,never（从不）,

on Sundays（在星期天）, every day/month/year（每一天/月/年）

2、结构：

（1）主语+连系动词be(am/is/are)+名词/形容词/数词/介词短语/副词等做表语表状态

（2）主语（非第三人称单数）+行为动词原形+其他（用助动词do 构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问）（3）主语（第三人称单数）+行为动词的第三人称单数+其他

（用助动词does 构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句）

动词第三人称单数的构成规则：

a.一般情况下在动词词尾加s 如：get----gets like----likes play—plays，want—wants，

work—works，know—knows，help—helps，get—gets

b. 以字母s、x、ch或o结尾的动词加-es；如：guess—guesses，fix—fixes，teach—teaches，brush—brushes，

go—goes，do—does，watch—watches，catch—catches

c. 以辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es。如：study—studies，carry—carries，fly—flies，

worry—worries

特殊词：have----has

练习题二

一写出下列动词的三单形式。

take be like play swim run do ______ watch wish think eat have want study

help learn teach start go

二完成句子。

1. I________ (know) the boy.

2. They________ (go) to work on Sundays.

3. He usually_______ (come) to school early.

4. I often_______ (have) rice, meat and vegetables.

5. My grandfather _______ (play) sports in the park.

6. Miss Li _________ (teach) English in our school.

7. The students of Class Four________ (sing) a song on Monday.

8. Alice and Jerry _________ (do) homework after school.

9. We________ (take) a shower in the evening.

10. Her sister__________ (have) Chinese every day.

11._______ you________ (have) a soccer ball?

12. Mary______________ (not come) from America.

She _________ (come) from Britain.

13._______your mother_________ (watch) TV every day?

14. _____your sister_____ (know) English?

15. Who_____ (want) to go swimming?

三用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. We often _________ (play) in the playground.

2. He __________ (get) up at six o‘clock.

3. ________you _________ (brush) your teeth every morning.

4. What________ (do) he usually ________ (do) after school?

5. ______ they ________ (like) the World Cup?

6.________Mike sometimes __________ (go) to the park with his sister.

7. At eight at night, she_________ (watch) TV with his parents.

8 _______Mike ________ (read) English every day?

9. How many lessons_________ your classmate________ (have) on Monday?

10. What time _______his mother__________ (do) the housework?

11. He usually _____ (get) up at six in the morning.

12. She______ (have) blues eyes.

13. We _______ (go) to school every day

14. The boy _________ (like) playing football.

15. We_______ (have) no classes on Sundays.

16. She________ (write) to her mother once a week.

17. It _____ (rain) quite often during the month of July every year.

18. She often_________ (watch) TV on Saturdays.

19. Mike usually_________ (ride) a bike with his friends in the park.

20. Peter and Mary often_______ (play) badminton together.

21. My mother______ (have) a lot of cousins.

22. Many people often _______ (listen) to the radio in the morning.

23.______ (do) she _______ (like) playing the violin? Yes, she______ (do).

24. She_____ (have) four brothers. She______ (like) them very much.

25. He often ________ (have) dinner at home.

26. We _______ (not watch) TV on Monday.

27. Sandy usually _______ (play) the piano on Sundays.

28. The cat________ (like) eating fish every much.

29. Su Hai and Su Yang _______ (have) eight lessons this term.

30. She and I ________ (take) a walk together every evening.

31. Who________ (teach) English in your school?

32. May I _________ (know) your address?

33.__________ (be) you twelve?

34. She__________ (like) fish, but she ________________ (not like) meat.

35. Her mother is good at _____________ (make) cakes.

36. Mr. Green wants ____________ (buy) a new watch.

37. Who_________ (be) your English teacher?

38. My father ___________ (go) to bed at 10:00 every evening.

39. His friend ________________ (like, play) computer games.

40. Let‘s _____________ (watch) TV.

41. _____________Jim and Tom ___________ (like) hamburgers?

42. What kind of movies___________ your grandfather___________ (want) to see?

43. Where ___________ (be) the two volleyballs?

44. That___________ (be) is his family photo.

45. We can_____________ (sing) English songs.

46. He can__________ (do) Chinese Kungfu.

47. What time ___________Mr. Brown _________(take) a shower?

48. Mrs. Jones ____________ (watch) TV in weekends.

49.__________ (be) your sisters in the bedroom?

50. My daughter________ (watch) TV every day. Sometimes she ________ (see) a film on Sunday.

一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数

talk______ forget______ hope______ stop______ perform______ play______ say______ buy______ worry______ fly______ study_______ like_______ make______ take______ love_______ recite_______ become_______come_______ drive_______ shine______ leave_____ wake_______ ride_______ write_______ hike______ give______ see______ swim______ stop______ shop_______ plan______ get_______ sit_______ let_______ cut_______ run_______ forget_______ begin_______ wash_____ watch_______ finish______ teach_____ fish______ reach _______ go_______ do_____

二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.

2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.

3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.

4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?

6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?

7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?

8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.

10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.

11. Mike _______(like) cooking.

12. They _______(have) the same hobby.

13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.

14. You always _______(do) your homework well.

15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.

16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.

17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.

18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.

19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.

20. －What day _______(be) it today? －It’s Saturday.

21 We often ___________ (play) in the playground.

22. He _________ (get) up at six o'clock.

23. ________ you __________ (brush) your teeth every morning?

24. What ________(do) he usually ________ (do) after school?

25. Danny ____________ (study) English, Chinese, math, science and art at school.

26. Mike sometimes __________ (go) to the park with his sister.

27. At eight at night, she ____________ (watch) TV with her parents.

28. ________ Mike _________ (read) English every day?

29. How many lessons _________ your classmate _________ (have) on Monday?

30.What time _________ his mother _________ (do) the housework?

三、按照要求改写句子

1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)_______________________________________________

2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句)______________________________________________

3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句)_________________________________________________

4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句)________________________________________

5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_________________________________________________

6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)____________________________________________________

7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)______________________________________________

8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)________________________________________________

9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句)_____________________________________________

10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)

11. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答) _________________________________________

12. I have many books. （改为否定句）_____________________________________________________

13. Gao Shan's sister likes playing table tennis.（改为否定句）____________________________________

14. She lives in a small town near New York. （改为一般疑问句）________________________________

15. I watch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句）_________________________________________________

16. David has got a goal. （改为一般疑问句）__________________________________________________

17. We have four lessons.（改为否定句）_______________________________________________________

18. Nancy doesn't run fast. （改为肯定句）_____________________________________________________

四、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)

1. Is your brother speak English? __________________

2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________

3. He likes play games after class. __________________

4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________

5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________

第三讲：代词

（一）人称代词及物主代词

1.通常情况下，人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。

2.通常情况下，人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语。

3.形容词性的物主代词属于限定词，后面要跟它所限定的名词。

4.通常情况下，人称代词主格会与跟在它后面的be动词缩写。

如：I am=I’m you are=you’re he is=he’s she is=she’s

it is =it’s we are=we’re they are=they’re

一根据句子前后内容，写出正确的代词。

Li Lei is from China.___________ is Chinese.

My name is Gina._________ am a student.

This is Tom.________ is in Grade Two.

His name is Tony.___________ telephone number is 856-0770.

She is a student. ________name is Julia.

二.用所给词的适当形式填空

1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )

2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. (she)

3. Is thi s _________ watch? (you) No, it‘s not _________. (I)

4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. (he)

5. _________ dresses are red. (we) What color are _________? (you)

6. Here are many dolls, which one is _________? (she)

7. I can find my toy, but where‘s _________? (you)

8. Show _________ your kite, OK? (they)

9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. (it )

10. Are these _________ tickets? No, _________ are not _________. _________ aren‘t here. (they )

11. Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. (we )

12. _________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________ a nurse. (she )

13. That is not _________ camera. _________is at home. (he )

14. Where are _________? I can‘t find _________. Let‘s call _________ parents. (they )

15. Don‘t touch _________. _________ not a cat, _________ a tiger! （it）

16. _________ sister is ill. Please go and get _________. (she )

17. ________ don‘t know her name. Wo uld you please tell _________. (we )

18. So many dogs. Let‘s count _________. (they )

19. I have a lovely brother. _________ is only 3. I like _________ very much. (he )

20. May I sit beside _________? (you )

21. Look at that desk. Those books are on _________. ( it ）

22.The girl behind _________ is our friend. (she)

三.用所给词的适当形式填空

1.________(我) am a worker. _________(你) are a doctor. ______(她) is a teacher.

2.This is (他的)shirt.

3. This is __________(我的)pen.

4._________(他们的) trousers are there.

5. I like this picture. Please give ________(它) to ________(我).

6. People get ________(他们的) money from _________(我).

7._____(他们) are new students. _____(他们的) names are Lucy and Lily.

8. These are _____(我们的) shoes. Can ____(我们) wear ______(它们).

9．Thank _______ for _______(你的) help.

10. _______(他) loves _______（她）, and _______(她) loves _______（他）,too.

_______(我) love _________（你）, and ________(你) love _______（我），too.

11. The weather in Beijing is much colder than ____ in Guangzhou.（指示代词）

（二）．指示代词this ,that, these, those.

These 是this 的复数形式，指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事。

Those 是that的复数形式，指时间、距离较远或者前面已经提到的人或事。

For example：

This is my room. That is Lucy‘s room.

These are his brothers. Those are his books.

第四讲：名词

名词：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词

（一）名词的分类

名词分为普通名词和专有名词，其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词可用作单数，也可用作复数。

可数名词包括个体名词（表示一类人或物的个体。如：boy，desk，cat，window）和集体名词（由若干个体组成的集合体。如：family，class，police）。

不可数名词包括物质名词（表示无法分为个体的实物。如：water，paper，silk，money）和抽象名词（表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如：work，happiness，music，difficulty，housework）专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如：Tom，the Great Wall，the Spring Festival，France，the United States）。

（二）名词的数

1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种：

（1）一般情况下，在词尾加s.

e.g. book——books，dog——dogs，pen——pens，boy——boys

辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s]，以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。

（2）以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词名词变复数时，要在词尾加es.

e.g. beach——beaches，brush——brushes，bus——buses，box—boxes（es读音为〔iz〕

（3）以―辅音字母＋y‖结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加es.

e.g. city——cities，family——families，documentary——documentaries，country——countries，

strawberry——strawberries（ies读音为[iz]）

（注：以―元音字母+y‖结尾的词，直接在词尾加-s. e.g. boys，holidays，days）

（4）以元音字母。结尾的名词，变复数时情况如下：

①加eg. tomato—tomatoes，potato—potatoes

②结尾是两个元音字母的加s，e.g. zoo—zoos，radio——radios

③某些外来词变复数时词尾加s，e.g. piano—pianos

④一些名词的缩写形式变复数时，词尾加s，

e.g. photo（photograph）——photos，kilo（kilogram）kilos

⑤zero变复数时，既可加s，也可加e.g. zeros／zeroes

（5）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时，先把f或fe变为v，再加es.

e.g. wife——wives，leaf leaves，half——halves，knife—knives，thief——thieves（res读音为[vz]

（注意：roof的复数为roofs；scarf的复数为scarfs／scarves）

（6）有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s或es，而是变换其中的字母。

e.g. man——men，woman——women，policeman——policemen，Englishman——Englishmen，

Frenchman——Frenchmen，foot——feet，tooth——teeth，child——children，mouse—mice，Ox—Oxen （公牛）

（7）还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。

e.g. Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish

（8）另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数。

e.g. people，police，trousers，pants，clothes，scissors

另外，①当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。

e.g. an apple tree，five apple trees，a girl friend，two girl friends，a twin sister

但是，当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用其复数形式。

e.g. two men teachers，three women doctors

②可用―量词+of+名词复数‖这一结构表示可数名词的数量。

e.g. a room of students，two boxes of pencils

2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，它的―量‖的表示方式如下。

（1）表不定数量时，一般用much，（a）little，a lot of／lots of，some，any等词修饰。

e.g. much money，a little bread

（2）表确定数量时，一般用―数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如：two／three／…+量词复数十of+不可数名词。 e.g. a bag of rice，two glasses of milk，four bottles of water

3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。

e.g. fruit水果——fruits表示不同种类的水果；food食物——foods各种食品；fish鱼——fishes鱼的种类；

drink饮料、酒——a drink一杯／一份饮料、一杯酒；cloth布——，a cloth桌布、抹布；sand沙——sands 沙滩；tea茶——a tea一杯茶；chicken鸡肉——a chicken小鸡；orange橘汁——an orange橘子；glass 玻璃——a glass玻璃杯，glasses眼镜；paper纸——a paper试卷、论文；wood木头——a wood小森林；

room空间、余地——a room房间

本册已经学过的不可数名词有：broccoli, food, dessert, orange, fruit, soccer, tennis, breakfast, lunch, dinner, help, opera, work, homework, time

ice-cream, salad, chicken(既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词)

(三)名词的所有格：

名词的所有格（表示人或物的所属关系）

（1）有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。

①不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加‘s.

e.g. Mike‘s watch；Women‘s Day

②以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，只加‘。

e.g. teachers‘ office，students‘ rooms

③两个或两个以上名词并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加‘s.

e.g. Tom and Mike‘s room汤姆和迈克的房间（表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房）

④两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加‘s.

e.g. Mary‘s and Jenny‘s bikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车（表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车）

（2）无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构

e.g. a map of China，the beginning of this game，the door of the room

（3）特殊形式

①可用‘s和of短语表示的名词所有格

e.g. the boy‘s name=the name of the boy（男孩的名字）

the dog‘s legs=the legs of the dog（狗的腿）

China‘s population=the population of China（中国的人口）

China‘s capital=the capital of China（中国的首都）

②双重所有格

e.g. a fiend of my mother‘s我妈妈的一个朋友

a picture of Tom‘s汤姆的一张图片

1.写出下列词的复数形式。

baby _______ case_______ knife_______ photo_______

Chinese_________ hamburger___________potato_______ key______

watch_______ name_______ strawberry______ wish_______

tomato__________ dollar________ orange______ people_______ documentary_________boy__________ piano_____ child________

man_______ this______ that_______ I _______

she_________ you_______ bus_______ Japanese___________ 2.翻译短语

五门学科________________________ 三部电影_______________________

一些动作片___________________________ 许多手表_________________________

一点食品________________________ 一点蔬菜________________________

许多冰激凌________________________ 三块鸡肉___________________________ 一些工作_________________________ 许多作业___________________________ 四辆公共汽车________________________

3.选择填空

1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.

A. are photoes

B. are photos

C. is a photo

D. is photos

2. This kind of car made in Shanghai.

A. is B .are C .were D .has

3. There are four and two in the group.

A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans

4. That‘s art book.

A. an

B. a

C. the D are

5. The boys have got already.

A. two bread

B. two breads

C. two pieces of bread

D. two piece of bread

6. The old man wants .

A. six boxes of apples

B. six boxes of apple

C. six box of apples

D. six boxs of apples

7. There some in the river.

A. is ,fish

B. are, fishs

C. is, fishs

D. are ,fish

8. There two in the box.

A. is watch

B. are watches

C. are watch

D. is watches

9. We should clean twice a day.

A .our tooth B. our tooths C. teeth D. our teeth

10. The _____ meeting room is near the reading room.

A. teacher

B. teacher‘s

C. teachers‘

D. teachers

11. In Britain _____ are all painted red.

A. letter boxes

B. letters boxes

C. letter box

D. letters box

4.把下列句子变成复数句。

1. This is my friend. _________________________________________________________________

2. This is a bike._____________________________________________________________________

3. That is her brother. _________________________________________________________________

4. This is a book. _____________________________________________________________________

5. That is an eraser.____________________________________________________________________

6. It is a red orange.____________________________________________________________________

7. He is a teacher.______________________________________________________________________

8. What‘s this?________________________________________________________________________

9. This is my mother.___________________________________________________________________

10. He is a Chinese boy. ________________________________________________________________

11. I am a student. ___________________________________________________________________

12. A photo is on the wall. ____________________________________________________________

13. You are a Chinese. ________________________________________________________________

14. It is an action movie. ______________________________________________________________

15. She has a nice dress. ______________________________________________________________ 5.改错。

1. He has many ice cream for breakfast.__________________________________________

2. The girl has two broccoli for lunch._____________________________________________

3. I need some salad._________________________________________________________

4. The student does a few homework every day._____________________________________

5. I want to go to movie._______________________________________________________

6. We can see much clothes in the store.____________________________________________

7. Does she have three cousin? __________________________________________________

8. They are Japaneses.___________________________________________________________

9. I have some apple._____________________________________________________________

10. I want to see a Beijing Opera.____________________________________________________

第五讲：数词

（一）基数词在英语中表示数目的词称为基数词。

1.基数词的构成

（1）1-20

one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen，twenty

（2）21-99 先说―几十‖，再说―几‖，中间加连字符。

23→twenty-three，34→thirty-four，45→forty—five，56→fifty-six，67→sixty-seven，78→seventy-eight，89→eighty-nine，91→ninety-one

（3）101—999先说―几百‖，再加and，再加末两位数或末位数；

586→five hundred and eighty-six，803→eight hundred and three

（4）l，000以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个―，‖，第一个―，‖前为thousand.第二个―，‖前为million，第三个―，‖前为billion（美式）或thousand ,million（英式），然后一节一节地表示。

1,001→one thousand and one

9,785→nine thousand, seven hundred and eighty-five

18,423→eighteen thousand，four hundred and twenty-three

6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine

750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty, billion（美式）

seven hundred and fifty thousand million（英式）

（二）序数词在英语中表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词。

1.序数词的构成

（1）一般在基数词后加th e.g. four → fourth，thirteen → thirteenth

（2）不规则变化one → first，two →second，three → third，five → fifth，eight → eighth，nine → ninth，twelve——twelfth

（3）以y结尾的十位整数，变y为ie再加th twenty → twentieth，forty → fortieth，ninety → ninetieth

（4）从二十一后的―几十几‖直至―几百几十几‖或―几千几百几十几‖只将个位的基数词变为序数词。

twenty-first，two hundred and forty-fifth

2.序数词的用法

（1）序数词作定语时，一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。

e.g. Tom is their second son. He is the first one to come here.

（2）序数词有时可与不定冠词连用，表示数量上―又—‖，―再一‖

e.g. He tried a second time.他又试了—次。

Shall l ask him a third time？还要我再问他—次吗？（我已问了他两次）

（3）序数词的缩写形式为：阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。

1st 2nd，3rd，4th，20th，21st，22nd，23rd

（4）表示年、月、日时，年用基数词，日用序数词。

2005年8月15日：（英）15，8，2005=15th，August，2005；（美）8，15，2005=August 15th，2005 （三）基数词和序数词都可以用来给数字编号。

No.1（1号），No.3bus（3路公共汽车），Room 103，（103号旁间）The first lesson=Lesson Two（第二课）

（四）分数词的表达

分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加s 1／3-one third；2／5-two fifths

（五）数学运算的表达

eg.3+5=8 Three plus／and five is eight.

9-2=7 Nine minus two is seven.

6x5=30 Five times six is thirty

8÷2=4 Eight divided by two is four.

一。按要求补全句子。

1.There are _________________________________(58个学生)in our class.

2.There are ________________________________(65个班级)in our school.

3.I have ____________________________(13本书) in my schoolbag.

4.Are there _______________________________(73套桌椅) in this classroom.

5.There‘re _________________________(27个男生)and ______________________(31个女生) in my class.

6.There are __________________________________(15台电脑) in that room.

7.My grandma is _______________________________(82岁).

8.There are ________________________________(44位女老师) in her school.

9.There are __________________________(94位男医生) in that big hospital,

10.I can see __________________________________(几只鸟) in the tree.

11.______________________________(多少幅画) are there in you bedroom ?

12.I have ________________________________(3本字典).

13.Can you see ________________________________(一些风筝) in the sky ?

14.Our school has _________________________________(2个图书馆) .

15.There are ___________________________________(12个月) in a year.

16.Paul‘s father is _____________________________________(57岁).

17.There are ______________________________(13辆公共汽车) on the street.

18.We can see __________________________________(18个妇女) over there.

19.There are ___________________________________(22个孩子) in the room.

20.I can see ____________________________________(六杯茶) on the table.

第六讲：介词

一：注意点

1.常用介词及其比较：

①表示地理位置的介词：

(1)at ,in, on, to

at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示―在……附近，旁边‖

in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示―在…范围之内‖。

on 表示毗邻，接壤

to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤

E.g.：He arrived at the station at ten.

He is sitting at the desk.

He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

Jiangsu lies in the east of China.

Russia lies on the north of China.

Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.

(2) above, over, on 在……上

above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与below相对；

over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。

on表示某物体上面并与之接触。

e.g. The bird is flying above my head.

There is a bridge over the river.

He put his watch on the desk.

(3)below, under 在……下面

under表示在…正下方

below表示在……下，不一定在正下方

e.g. There is a cat under the table.

Please write your name below the line.

②表示时间的介词：

(1) in , on，at 在……时

in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。

e.g. in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January,

in the morning, in the night, in one‘s life , in one‘s thirties等。

on表示具体某一天及某一天的早、中、晚。

e.g. on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year‘s Day, on a cold night

in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。

at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。

e.g. at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning o f, at the end of …,

at the age of …, at Christmas，at night, at noon, at this moment等。

注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.

(2)in, after 在……之后

―in +段时间‖表示将来的一段时间以后；

―after+段时间‖表示过去的一段时间以后；

―after+将来点时间‖表示将来的某一时刻以后。

e.g. My mother will come back in three or four days.

He arrived after five months.

She will appear after five o‘clock this afternoon.

(3) from, since 自从……

from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；

since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。

e.g. He studied the piano from the age of three.

They have lived here since 1978.

(4)after, behind 在……之后

after主要用于表示时间；

behind主要用于表示位置。

e.g. We shall leave after lunch.

Lucy is hiding behind an old house.

③表运动方向的介词：

across, through 通过，穿过

across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关；

through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关。

e.g. She swam across the river.

He walked through the forest.

④表示―在……之间‖的介词：

between, among

between指在两个人或两个事物之间；

among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。

⑤表示其他意义的介词：

(1)on ,about 关于

on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读；

about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。

e.g. There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.

He is writing a book on cooking.

He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.

(2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具

by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；

with 表示用…工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段；

in 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；

e.g. He makes a living by selling newspapers.

He broke the window with a stone.

The foreigner spoke to us in English.

(3)except, besides 除了

except 除……之外，不包括在内；

besides 除……之外，包括在内。

e.g. Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)

Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

用所给的介词填空

1.Could you tell me something ______ UFOs? I am really interested in it.

A. of

B. with

C. about

D. at

2.I hope you will be here at half _____ eight tomorrow morning.

A. in

B. at

C. to

D. past

3.Fangfang‘s father is _______ forty years old.

A. about

B. for

C. to

D. by

4.Don‘t worry _______ your maths. I will help you _____ it.

A. with...about

B. about...on

C. about...with

D. on...about

5.They lived in a flat_____ the shop.

A. about

B. on

C. to

D. above

6.How can you go ______ the street when the traffic is heavy?

A. across

B. cross

C. through

D. past

7.How long would it take to swim _______ the river?

A. by

B. across

C. over

D. through

8.The river goes ______ the city from west to east.

A. through

B. over

C. into

D. throughout

9.Dongdong‘s father was so tired ______ a day‘s work that he went to bed early.

A. after

B. before

C. in

D. out

10.What‘s time _______ your watch, please?

A. on

B. in

C. by

D. with

11.He left Luxun Park and walked ______ Sichuan road.

A. along

B. after

C. for

D. to

12.My brother is tall _______ I am short.

A. while

B. when

C. as

D. for

13.Where is Tom? You can find him ______ the boys over there.

A. by

B. between

C. among

D. into

14.The small town lies _____ the three mountains.

A. among

B. inside

C. into

D. between

15.There is a small house______ the trees.

A. in

B. through

C. among

D. around

16.The headmaster showed the foreign friends _____ the school.

A. along

B. to

C. around

D. over

17.There are a lot of trees and flowers ______ our school building.

A. among

B. above

C. around

D. with

18.As we all know, the earth moves ______ the sun.

A. around

B. over

C. into

D. for

19.I will work _______ a doctor in two months.

A. as

B. for

C. at

D. to

20.My birthday is coming. My uncle gave me a new watch _____ a present yesterday.

A. with

B. like

C. as

D. for

21.We were very surprised ______ the news.

A. into

B. for

C. out of

D. at

22.You have lost the key of Tony‘s bike, you‘d better apologize _____ him.

A. for

B. in

C. to

D. at

23.It‘s so cold outside. You‘d better stay_______ home.

A. in

B. on

C. or

D. at

24.Why are you _____ such a hurry? I must meet my aunt _____ the station.

A. at...at

B. in...at

C. with...at

D. in...in

25.His room is _______ the twelfth floor. Let‘s go up _____ lift.

A. on...in

B. by...on

C. on...by

D. on...on

26.To my surprise I saw many people dancing _____ the tree.

A. in

B. past

C. over

D. round

27._____their stay in Beijing, they visited many beautiful places.

A. At

B. During

C. In

D. For

28.The girl would like to have a talk ____ her mother about her future.

A. for

B. with

C. at

D. in

29.We have not seen him _____ Sunday.

A. to

B. since

C. past

D. until

30.Great changes have taken place in Shanghai ______ 1992.

A. since

B. after

C. during

D. until

31.Our school is ______ this highrise. You can‘t see it from here.

A. of

B. with

C. behind

D. at

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e710731117.html,e and sit______ me. The film will begin at once.

A. beside

B. between

C. on

D. at

33.Don‘t talk ____ your father. He is doing some important work.

A. about

B. for

C. from

D. to

34.According ______ the doctor, sugar is bad for me.

A. on

B. at

C. to

D. of

35.What do you think of the group singing _____ Class three?

A. in

B. by

C. at

D. on

36.The bank opens every day _____ Sunday.

A. during

B. on

C. except

D. from

37.It‘s good for us to go out _____ a walk after supper.

A. for

B. of

C. with

D. to

38.I was sick, so I have to ask _____ leave.

A. of

B. in

C. for

D. to

39.Have you got any tickets _______ next Sunday‘s show?

A. for

B. on

C. in

D. of

40.Yesterday we kept working _______ the night, so we are very tired now.

A. during

B. for

C. over

D. throughout

41.My mother is not at home. She will be back _____ 2 hours.

A. before

B. for

C. in

D. after

42.Maths is very important _____ many ways.

A. at

B. in

C. for

D. on

43.Xiaoming won the first prize in a maths contest. Soon the news was known _____ the school.

A. in

B. past

C. over

D. throughout

44.She looks like Chinese, but ____ fact she is Japanese.

A. in

B. at

C. on

D. for

45.Water can turn _____ ice when the temperature is below zero.

A. in

B. into

C. by

D. until

46.He climbed the tree _____ a cat.

A. after

B. as

C. over

D. like

47._______ all the sports, I like swimming best.

A. At

B. In

C. Of

D. For

48.We are very proud _____ our new progress.

A. with

B. from

C. of

D. at

49.Did you see Mary? I saw her walk ______the library just now.

A. in

B. into

C. by

D. until

50.The glass fell _____ the table and broke.

A. of

B. off

C. under

D. beside

51.We will have a check-up _____ our eyesight next Monday.

A. on

B. in

C. for

D. at

52.When the little boy saw a ball, he was so happy that he ran ______ it.

A. up

B. at

C. towards

D. into

53.Tom came into the meeting room and sat down _____ my right.

A. to

B. on

C. in

D. at

54.She often learns English _____ the TV.

A. on

B. in

C. at

D. from

55.I like my tea _____ milk and sugar in it.

A. with

B. in

C. inside

D. of

56.Chinese is spoken by many people ____ China.

A. out

B. off

C. outside

D. into

57.We all want to see Yangpu Bridge _______ our own eyes.

A. on

B. in

C. for

D. with

高中英语语法系统全解【珍藏版】

高中英语语法系统全解第一章动词时态在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。一、一般时一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。 A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s 或-es。 They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。 Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。

Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。 The President still seems able to find time to go fishing. 看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。 d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The meeting begins at 7:00. 会议七点钟开始。 We leave here at 8:00 sharp. 我们八点整离开这里。 e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。 If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。 Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。 ②一般现在时的特殊用法 a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful 中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功 Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow 劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科 b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中 Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.

英语语法大全(完整版)

【学英语必看】《英语语法手册》在实用英语备受青睐的现在，大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时，总是把听说读写放在首位，诚然，学习语言重在实践。但是，请不要忽视语法的作用，特别是在阅读和写作中，他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构，准确抓住句子的要点，更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集，不需背诵记忆，只要静下心阅读一遍，就能有所收获！宝宝更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里. [英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类，叫做词类。一个句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。学一个词，要学它的发音、拼法、意义，也要记它的词类；更重要的是要了解它和其他词的关系，及其在句中作什么句子成分。如China is in East Asia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词，在句子中作主语。词类(parts of speech) 英语的词通常分为十大类： 1）名词(noun，缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。 2)代词(pronoun，缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。 3)形容词(adjective，缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。 4)数词(numeral，缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。

经典英语语法讲解解析

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1. Education is the door to freedom. 教育是通向自由之门。[一个简单的主系结构] 2. Challenges make life interesting. 挑战使生活变得有趣。[make+…+:形容词作宾语补足语。] 3. Difficulties make life worth living. 困难让生活有价值。[make+…+介词短语：介词短语作宾语补足语。] 4. Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence. 世界上没有什么可以取代坚持。[否定词作主语。Take the place of：代替。] 5. It’s impossible to defeat a person who never gives up! 打败一个永不放弃的人是不可能的。[动词不定式作主语，“it”为形式主语。“who”引导的定语从句修饰先行词”a person”。] 6. The most important thing in life is to have a great aim and the determination to attain it. 生活中最重要的事情就是有一个远大的目标，并有决心实现它。[动词不定式作表语和定语。] 7. If you can dream it, you can do it. 只要你想得到，人就做得到。[“if”引导的条件状语从句。] 8. Actions speak louder than words. 行动比语言更加强大。[副词比较级] 9. Deeds are more powerful than words. 行为比言语更加强大。[形容语比较级] 10. Mistakes show us what we still need to learn. 从错误中我们知道该学什么。[“what”引导的宾语从句作直接宾语。从句中动词不定式作宾语。]

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第一章动词时态（一）在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。一、一般时一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。 A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。 They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand 你懂了吗 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。 Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。 Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。 The President still seems able to find time to go fishing. 看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。 d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The meeting begins at 7:00. 会议七点钟开始。 We leave here at 8:00 sharp. 我们八点整离开这里。 e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。 If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。 Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。 ②一般现在时的特殊用法 a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful

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