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搞定托福写作,词汇句型要丰富

搞定托福写作，词汇句型要丰富

在托福考试中，写作成绩一直对考试总分起着不可忽视的作用。一篇出彩的作文是我们在考试当中脱颖而出，取得优秀成绩的法宝。但作文的优秀与否不仅在于词汇量，更不在于是否照搬套句和范文。掌握一些简单的写作规律，才是让托福作文最终制胜的关键。

优秀的托福作文包含四个要素：

1 完整性：句子结构完整，意义完整;

2 连贯性：句子各部分之间以及句子之间的关系紧密、协调，前后意思连贯，思想表达清楚有序;

3 简洁性：言简意赅;

4 多样性：包括词汇多样性和句子多样性。

以上四要素中，前三个要素是前提和基础，比较容易做到;多样性是对前三个要素的升华，是作文闪光点的核心和关键所在。

词汇多样性：

词汇贫乏是中国学生英语作文的通病。整篇作文一个词用到底，从不作任何变化：一遇到“改变/变化”就是change，“影响”就是effect，“流行”就是popular，“认为”就是think;每逢“因为”就是because，“意识到”就是realize，“想到”就是think of，等等。其实英语词汇很丰富的，同一个意思可以由很多不同的方式表达，如：

改变：change，modify，alter，shift，transform，convert

变化：change，vary，convert，fluctuate，oscillate

保护：protect，conserve，safeguard

保存：save，preserve，conserve，keep，store

影响：effect，influence，impact，infection

流行：popular，prevalent，prevailing，current，common，universal

认为：think，believe，hold，argue，maintain，deem，opine，reckon，figure

意识到：realize，be aware of/that，be awake to，understand，it/sth. dawns on sb.

想到：think of，come up with，occur to/strike sb.，come to，remind，suggest 看作：regard …as…，look on/consider/view/see/take…as…

应该：should，ought to，it is/would be better，it is advisable to

因为：because，since，as，for，because of，owing to，thanks to，due to，as a result of，in virtue of，on account of，with，from，at，of

关于：about，on，with regard to，as regards，concerning，relating to

因此：so，therefore，thus，accordingly，consequently，hence，thereby

然而：however，nevertheless，nonetheless，whereas，though，still，yet

另外：moreover，in addition，besides，furthermore，one more thing

不同：different，difference，differ，vary from…to…，conflicting，diverse，diversified，various，a variety of

吸引人的：attractive，appealing，taking，inviting，tempting，fascinating，charming，alluring，glamorous，absorbing，enticing

句子多样性

单调的句式和结构、长度相近的句子使作文呆板单调，缺乏生动性和说服力;而灵活多变的句子样式和结构则使作文语言生动，自然流畅，丰富多彩。具体包括以下几个方面：

长短句变换：简单句、并列句和复合句交替运用。长句准确生动，长于说明推理;短句简洁明快，意义明确，印象深刻，描述动作，表明主旨，总结归纳，非短句不可。既然各有所长，在写作时应根据实际需要，交替使用简单句、并列句和复合句，以达到“段间长短不一，全篇句式万千”、丰富多样的效果，给读者以及阅卷老师以永恒的新鲜感。

结构多样化：我们学过非谓语动词结构(包括不定式结构和分词结构)、无动词结构、分隔结构、比较结构、独立结构、with复合结构、特殊否定结构、it结构、平行结构、强调结构、倒装结构，等等。其中最为神通广大的是非谓语动词结构，在句中或作主语、宾语，或作表语、宾语补足语，或作定语修饰名词，或作状语表示条件、原因、让步、时间、方式、目的、结果、伴随状况等，不一而足。

非谓语动词结构可以简化大部分英语从句，产生语言简练、结构丰富多样的效果，请看下列转化实例：

名词从句可转化为非谓语动词结构

1. That John won the marathon surprised us.

John’s winning the Marathon surprised us.

2. I have not decided whether I should vote for Clint.

I have not decided whether to vote for Clint.

定语从句可转化为非谓语动词结构

1. The man (who is) standing at the gate is my English teacher.

2. The car (that was) repaired yesterday by him is my mother’s.

3. The next train that arrives is from New York.

状语从句可转化为非谓语动词结构

1. After he had watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.

Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.

2. When they are heated metals expand.

(When) Heated, metals expand.

3. Because I do not know what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.

Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.

4. I spoke slowly and clearly in order that the audience could understand me. …in order for the audience to understand me.

5. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fail.

United, we stand; divided, we fail.

6. Though he has lived in Canada for tree years, he still cannot speak English well.

Having lived in Canada for three years, he still cannot speak English well.

当然，要掌握丰富多样的词汇和句型变换技巧，就要能够掌握一定量的词汇和句型，这样才能在托福写作中大放异彩。

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雅思新托福写作高分句型大全第一，定语从句。这应该算是写作中最常用的一种句型之一。适当地运用定语从句可以给你的文章增色不少。例如，下面的这两个句子用上定语从句马上就变成了一个漂亮的复杂句。 Bad books contain evil 点击发音 thoughts. In them, there might be much description 点击发音 about violence, superstition 点击发音, and sex. → Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts. 第二，状语从句。在写作当中运用的最多的是以下五种状语从句，即原因状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句，时间状语从句和目的状语从句。 1. 原因状语从句：常由because, as, since和for引导 Eg: Nonetheless 点击发音, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits. 尽管如此，我还是赞成太空探险，因为它的好处远远大于坏处。 2. 让步状语从句：常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引导 Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence 点击发音 that education can be obtained at any age and at any place. 尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。 3. 条件状语从句：常由if, on the condition that和providing that引导 Eg: If you want to achieve 点击发音 something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared. 假如你要取得成就或要实现你的雄心壮志，你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗、准备好条件。 4. 时间状语从句：常由when和while引导 Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study. 说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。 5. 目的状语从句: 常由so that和 in order that引导 Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology 点击发音 so that they can keep a favorable position in job market. 成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。第三，宾语从句。 Eg: Some people claim 点击发音 that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution. 一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。 Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable 点击发音 result and there is no way to avoid it. 许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。第四，同位语从句。 Eg: It is an undeniable 点击发音 fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious. 环境污染变得越来越严重是不可否认的事实。 Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-techn