(word完整版)人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit3SectionB教材全解

人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit3SectionB教材全解

Unit 3 How do you get to school?

Unit 3 Section B教材全解

1.bus stop 公共汽车站

【重点注释】stop，此处用作名词，意为“车站；站点”。例如：at a/the bus stop 在公共汽车站。stop一般指的是小站，停车点，如路边的停车站点；station指的是总站，大型的车站,at a bus/train/subway station。例如：They wait for Jim at the bus stop.他们在公共汽车站等吉姆。Where si the bus station?公共汽车站在哪儿？

吧。Stop talking,please.请停止（正在）说话（这个事）。They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来（原来干的事），（然后）抽了根烟。I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了（我必须停止正在抽烟这个事）。

2.Mary wants to know where Bob lives.玛丽想知道鲍勃住在哪儿。

Mary wants to know what he thinks of the trip.

玛丽想知道他（鲍勃）认为这段旅程怎么样。【重点注释】①Mary wants to know where Bob lives.玛丽想知道鲍勃住在哪儿。本句含有一个由连接词where引导的宾语从句。在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句+连词+宾语从句（主语+谓语+……）”句式。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。例如：Please tell me who knows the answer.请告诉我谁知道答案。Do you know which class he is in?你知道他在哪个班级吗？I don’t know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。【试题链接】I don’t know .

A.where she comes from Bhow old is he C.when was he born （宾语从句要用陈述语序，选项B、C都是疑问语序。根据句意“我不知道他来自哪里。”可知答案为A。）

②Mary wants to know what he thinks of the trip.玛丽想知道他（鲍勃）认为这段旅程怎么样。这是一个含有what引导的宾语从句的主从复合句，主句的主语是Mary，谓语动词时wants to know，宾语时一个特殊疑问句，原句应为“What does he think of the trip?”，但在宾语从句中，从句的语序要用陈述语序，其中疑问词仍在句首，位置不变；另外，宾语从句的时态与主句的时态要一致。例如：I know where you live.我知道你住在哪儿。Thomas wants to know how she gets to school.托马斯想知道她该怎样到学校。Do you know what he weather is like today?你知道今天的天气怎样吗？

③think of意为“认为，想出，想到，考虑”，of 是介词，其后可接名词、代词

或V.ing形式，think of/about doing sth.意为“考虑干某事”，在表示“认为……怎么样？”时，可以与think about互换。例如：——What do you think of /about how she gets to school?你认为这次学校郊游怎么样？——It’s great.非常好。

【比较记忆】（1）think of与think about这两个短语表示下列意义时,可以互换：①考虑eg: Don't think of/about me any more.不要再考虑我. ②对……有某种看法eg: What do you think of/ about the film 你认为那部影片怎么样？（2）think of表示下列意义时,一般不和think about换用. ①想要;打算eg: For a moment I thought of playing truant.我一时起了逃学的念头. ②想出;想到eg: Who thought of the idea 谁想出的那个主意③关心;想看eg: Lei Feng always thought of how he could do more for the people. 雷锋总是想着怎样多为人民做些事情. ④想起;说得eg:

I can't think of his name.我想不起他的名字. （3）think about表示下列意义时一般不和think of换用. ①"回想"过去的事情. eg: We mustn't think about this matter any more.我们不许再想此事. ②"考虑"某事,某计划是否切实可行. eg: I'll think about your suggestion and give you an answer tomorrow. 我要考虑一下你的建议,明天给你答复.

【拓展记忆】What do you think of the school trip?你认为这次学校郊游怎么样？What do you think of…？意为“你认为/觉得……怎么样？”，可与How do you like…？进行转换，这是用来询问某人对某事或某人的看法的常用句型。例如：What do you think of/about action movies.=How do you like action movies.你认为动作片怎么样？

课本1c的另外三句话：主句是？宾语从句是？宾语从句的连接词是？语序是？Mary wants to know how far he lives from his grandparents’home.

玛丽想知道他住的地方离他祖父母家有多远。Mary wants to know how he gets to his grandparents’home.

玛丽想知道他是怎样到他祖父母家的。

Mary wants to know how long it takes to get to his grandparents’home

玛丽想知道到他祖父母家需要多长时间。【归纳记忆】宾语从句要记住三个要素：①选用合适的连接词；②宾语从句用陈述句语序；③一般主从句时态一致。

3.Crossing the River to School.过河去上学。

【重点注释】①cross作动词，意为“横越；越过；穿过”，主要表示在物体表面上“横穿”，如横过马路（cross the road）、过桥（cross the bridge）、过河（cross the river）等。此处加上ing变成了动名词。例如：The little boy can’t cross the street by himself.这个小男孩不能独自过马路。Be carefull when you cross the street.过马路时要小心。They crossed the river by boat.他们乘舟渡河。②cross作名词，意为“十字形，叉形记号”。例如：The teacher marked the question with a cross.老师在这个问题上打了一个叉。

连用表示“穿过，越过，横穿”的意思，go/walk/run/swim across…=cross(v.)…。与cross基本同义，也是表示从物体表面经过。例如：The Great Green Wall is across

the northwest of China.绿色长城横跨中国西北。We can go across the freeze river. 我们可以横过这冻结了的大河。I swam across the Changjiang River 20 years ago. 20年前我横渡了长江。Look left and right before you go across the street. 过马路时要左右看。

【辨析记忆】across与through的区别：都是介词，在句中不能独立作谓语，必

形成“十字”。go/walk/run/swim across…=cross(v.)…。而through指从某一物体的中间穿过，为在立体空间中的“穿过”。常用于穿过沙漠、森林、门窗、村庄等，如：go through the forest“穿过森林”（从森林中间通过），go through the tunnel “穿过隧道”（从隧道中间通过）go across the street “穿过大街”（从马路一边到另一边）

4.For many students,it is easy to get to school.对许多学生来说，到达学校是容易的。But for the students in one small village in China,it is difficult.但是对于在中国的一个小村庄里的学生来说，是困难的。

【重点注释】①for介词，在此意为“对……而言”。例如：It is difficult for me to finish my homework.对我来说，完成作业太难了。It’s time for me to get up.我该起床了。

②many形容词，意为“许多”，后跟可数名词复数形式。例如：I have many books.我有许多书。There are many students in the classroom.教室里有很多学生。

【拓展记忆】①“many a +可数名词单数”谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。例如：Many a worker often comest to our school.许多工人经常来我们学校。②much也表示“许多”，但它修饰不可数名词。例如：There is much water in the glass.玻璃杯里有许多水。③many/much=lots of/a lot of.例如：He has many/a lot of/lots of beaubiful stamps.他有许多美丽的邮票。There is much/a lot of/lots of water here.这里有许多水。

③课本原句For many students,it is easy to get to school.=It is easy for many students to get to school.对许多学生来说，到达学校是容易的。课本原句But for the students in one small village in China,it is difficult.= But for the students in one small village in China,it is difficult to get to school.= But it is difficult for the students in one small village in China to get to school.但是对于在中国的一个小村庄里的学生来说，（到达学校）是困难的。It is +形容词+（for sb.）+to do sth.句型意为“（对某人来说）做某事是……。”其中，代词it是形式主语，没有实际意义；动词不定式to do sth.是真正的主语。动词不定式或动词不定式短语作主语时，可直接放在句首。在英语中，当动词不定式短语较长时，为了避免头重脚轻，常把动词不定式短语作主语的情况放在后面，用it作形式主语。例如：To learn English well is not hard.学好英语不是很难。It is easy to ride a bike.骑自行车是容易的。It’s better to stay at home.呆在家里更好。It’s easy for him to do the exercise.他做这个练习很容易。

5.There is a very big river between their school and the village.在他们的学校和村庄之间有一条很大的河。

【重点注释】between介词，意为“在……之间；介于……之间”，指在两者（注意理解“两者”的含义）之间。在英语句子中，between可以单独用，也可以和

and构成“between…and…”，意为“在……和……（两者）之间”。例如：It’s a secret between the sisters.这是姐妹间的秘密。Three is a window between the walls.墙之间有一个窗户。He sits between Tom and Jack.他坐在汤姆和杰克之间。I’ll phone you between lunch and three o’clock.我将在午餐后三点钟以前给你打电话。

free between Tuseday ande Thursday.我通常在周二与周四之间有空。Remember this is a secret between you and me.记住这是你我之间的秘密。They will arrive here between 5 o’clock and 8 o’clock.他们将在5点和8点之间到达这儿。Switzerland lies between France,Germany,Austria and Italy.瑞士位于法国、德国、奥地利和意大利之间。（注意：当两个以上的人或物用and连接时可用between。例如：between A,B and C在A、B和C之间。）They hid themselves among the trees.他们躲在树林中。He is the oldest among all the people.在所有人中间，他年龄最大。

【试题链接】The workers will build a new railroad_ __ the two cities.

A. since

B. between

C.as

D.during.

（since“自从”；between“在两者之间”；as“作为”；during“在……期间”。由句意“工人们将会在这两座城市之间修建一条新铁路”可知，此处用between。故选B.）

6.There is no bridge and the river runs too quickly for boats.没有桥，对小船来说，河水太湍急不能摆渡。[（河上）完全没有桥，而且河水湍急，不适宜小船摆渡。]

【重点注释】①no此处作形容词来修饰名词，意为“没有”，既可以修饰可数名词（单、复数），也可以修饰不可数名词。修饰单数可数名词时，no相当于not a(an)；修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词时，no相当于not any。例如：There is no bridge here.= There is not a bridge here.这儿没有桥。I have no brothers.= I don’t have any brothers.我没有兄弟。He has no children.=He doesn’t have any children.他没有孩子。There is no water in the bottle.=There is not any water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。

【拓展记忆】①修饰名词时，no不能与冠词、指示代词、物主代词以及some，any，much，evrey等不定代词连用，但可与不定代词other连用。例如：他没有钱。He has no any (his,the,a)money.[误] He has no money.[正] He has not any money.[正] He doesn’t have any money.[正] ②no表示“禁止”或“不许”等意思，其后接动名词（v.ing）。例如：No parking！不准停车！No smoking!禁止吸烟！

②run动词，此处意为“(液体)流动，流淌；流，淌”。例如：Rivers run into the sea.河水流入大海。Tears were running down her cheeks.泪水滑过她的脸庞。Wash the rice in cold water until the water runs clear. 用凉水冲洗大米，直到水变清为止。

③boat可数名词，意为“小船”。例如：He goes to school by boat.他乘船去上学。

常用短语：by boat乘船；be in the same boat同舟共济；miss the boat坐失良机；

用短语go boating“去划船”。例如：We’ll go boating on the lake on Saturday.我们周六到湖上去划船。I like to go boating with my friends on weekends.周末我喜欢和我的朋友们一起去划船。

④quickly副词，在本句中修饰动词run，意为“河水流淌很快；湍流太急”。副词修饰动词，常置于动词之后。例如：The boy is running to his mother.very quickly.这个男孩正飞快地跑向他母亲。She plays the violin very well。她拉小提琴很好。

⑤课本原句“…the river runs too quickly for boats.”=“…the river runs too quickly for boats to cross it.”意为“河水太急了，小船不能摆渡。”该句中短语“too…to…”意为“太……而不能……”。too（太）后跟形容词或副词，to（该结构中，to本身含有“不”和“能”两层意思，即包含着“不能”之意）后跟动词原形。如果句子的主语，不是某人，而是某物，一般要在to前加上for sb.意为“对……来说”，以使句子表达完整。例如：The boy is too young to go to school.这个男孩太小了，不能去上学。She gets up too late to get to school on time.她起床太晚了，而不能准时到校。The chair is too small for the fat man to sit on it.这把椅子太小了，这个胖子不能坐。The fire is too dangerous for children to play with it.火太危险，小孩不能玩。

7.So these students go on a ropeway to corss the river to school.所以这些学生靠滑铁索来过河上学。

【重点注释】①ropeway可数名词，意为“索道”，铁索是一种渡河用的交通方式。在偏远上去，人们由于各种原因没能建筑桥梁，便在山谷中水流湍急的河流两端拉起铁索，依靠滑铁索过河。go on a ropeway意为“乘/坐索道，滑铁索”。类似用法：go on a ride乘/坐车出游；go on a trip正在旅行（go for a trip要去旅行）；go on a trip去进行一次旅游（have / take a trip）。例如：They usually go on a ropeway to play.他们通常坐索道玩。

②课本原句So these students go on a ropeway to corss the river to school.= So these students go on a ropeway to corss the river to get/go to school.所以这些学生靠滑铁索来过河上学。to cross the river为动词不定式短语，作目的状语。课本原句中“go on a ropeway(乘/坐索道，滑铁索)”的目的是为了“to cross the river(过河)”，而过河的目的是为了“to get/go to school上学”。例如：She went to the bookstore to buy a bool.她去了书店买书。I’ll go to the shop to buy a pen to do my homework.我要去商店买支钢笔做作业。

【试题链接】——Why is Linlin practicing speaking English?

——abroad for further study.

A.Go

B.Gone

C.To go

D.Goes

（句意：“琳琳为什么练习说英语？”“是为了到国外进一步学习。”疑问词why “为什么”用于提问原因，动词不定式结构可用来表示目的，回答原因，故选C）8.One 11-year-old boy,Liangliang,corsses the river every school day.亮亮，一个11

岁男孩，每天过河上学。

【重点注释】①year可数名词，意为“年；岁”。例如：He visits his teachers every year.他每年都去看望他的老师们。Tom is ten years old.汤姆10岁了。

②11-year-old是一个复合形容词，作定语，修饰名词boy，意为“11岁的”，注意该复合词与“Tom is ten years old.= Tom is ten汤姆10岁了。”比较可知：year 不加-s，单词中的连字符“-”不可以去掉，而且在句中只能放在名词前作定语；而“Tom is ten years old.= Tom is ten汤姆10岁了。”中，“某人几岁”的表达法是：“某人+be(am,is ,are)+基数词+（years old）”。试比较：1）He is an 11-year-old boy.他是一个十一岁的男孩。He is 11 years old.=He is 11.他十一岁。2）The eight-month-old baby can’t speak.这个八个月大的婴儿不会说话。The baby is eight months old.这个婴儿八个月大。【注意】由“数词+名词（+形容词）”构成的复合形容词中（中间用连字符“-”），名词只能用单数形式。例如：a two-month holiday两个月的假期。the 30-kilometre-long trip30千米长的路程。

【试题链接】A girl named Dong Xinyi looked after her disabled father.

A.three-year-old

B.three-years-old

C.three years old

（a three-year-old girl意为“一个3岁的女孩”，其中three-year-old为复合形容词，作定语修饰名词girl，故选A）

③school day意为“上学日”，指在学校上学的日子，尤指周一至周五。与之相对应的词是holiday“节假日，假期”（英式），vacation“假期”（美式），以及weekend “周末”。例如：I must do my homework on school days.在周一至周五期间我必须做作业。

9.But he is not afraid.但是他不害怕。

【重点注释】afraid是一个使用频率很高的形容词，意为“害怕的，恐惧的，担心的，畏惧的”，是一个表语形容词。主要用法：

①在句中只可用作表语，不可用作定语，常跟在系动词be，feel等之后作表语。例如;Don’t be afraid.Everything will be all right soon.别害怕。一切很快就会好的。

②afraid一般不能用副词very修饰，而要用much或very much修饰。例如：He is very much afraid of losing his job.他很害怕失业。

③be afraid of sth.后接人或事物的名词，意为“害怕某事/某物”。例如：Are you afraid of dogs?你害怕狗吗？Most of the grils are afraid of dogs.大多数女孩怕狗。

④be afraid of doing sth.后接v.ing形式，意为“唯恐做某事”，指担心或担忧做某事会引起某种后果。例如：Don’t be afraid of asking for help.不要害怕求助。

⑤be afraid to do sth,动词用原形（to +V.原形），意为“害怕做某事”，例如：Her elder sisiter is afraid to stay at home alone.她姐姐害怕独自一人呆在家里。

for her safety.我们为她的安全担心。

⑦“be afraid+（that）+从句（即that后跟一个句子）”，意为“恐怕……；担心……”。例如：I’m afraid （that）he can’t come.恐怕他不能来了。He is afraid （that）she will not come.他担心她不会来。

【拓展记忆】在日常口语中，I’m afraid （that）…表示“为某件已经发生或可能发生的事表示歉意或作出否定判断”，在很多场合相当于I’m sorry,but…，用于提出异议，说出令人不快的事实，拒绝对方的要求等，使语气委婉，显得比较文雅、谦逊。例如：I’m afraid you are wrong.(You are wrong, I’m afraid.)恐怕你错了。I’m afraid I’ve broken your bike.真抱歉我把你的自行车弄坏了。

⑧在口语中，I’m afraid so.和I’m afraid not.常用作简略答语，so代替一个肯定句，not代替一个否定句。例如：——Is it going to rain tomorrow?明天会下雨吗？——I’m afraid so.恐怕要下雨。---May I take this book out of the reading room?我可以把这本书带出阅览室吗？--- I’m afraid not,please read it here.恐怕不行，请在这里看吧。

10.I love to play with my classmates.我爱和我的同学们玩耍。

【重点注释】①love to do sth.意为“喜爱做某事”。例如：Tom loves to read storybooks.汤姆喜爱读故事书。

【拓展记忆】love to do sth.表示一时的喜欢或暂时性的具体动作；love doing sth.表示一贯的喜欢，倾向于一种习惯。例如：I love playing computer games，but I love to watch TV now.我爱玩电脑游戏，但现在我喜欢看电视。

②play with意为“玩；与……玩”。例如：He plays with a toy.他玩玩具。Don’t play with fire.不要玩火。Do you like to play with your brother?你喜欢和你哥哥玩吗？I love to play with balls with my classmates.我爱和我的同学们一起玩球。

【拓展记忆】play作及物动词，意为“打（球）；演奏（乐器）”。例如：I can play football.我会踢足球。He often plays the piano.他经常弹钢琴。

11.He’s like a father to me.对我来说，他就像父亲一样。

【重点注释】①课本原句He’s like a father to me.对我来说，他就像父亲一样。He’s 即He is 。此句中，like不是动词，只是表达“像...一样"的意思，是介词，而不是动词（故like不能加-s ），所以需要加be动词作为句子的动词，这里是第三人称单数，所以是is。

②like介词，意为“像，像……一样”，常与look（看起来）或be连用，后面可以接名词、代词和V.ing形式。例如：It looks like rain.看起来要下雨。I didn’t see him like this.我以前从未见过他这样。Do you always sleep like this?你经常都会这样子睡觉吗？Sitting on th swing is like flying in the sky.在秋千上久好像在天空中飞翔。She is like her mother.她长得像她妈妈。

【试题链接】——does your new friend look like?

——He is tall with short blonde hair and big blue eyes.

A.How

B.Who

C.What

D.Where

（由答语He is tall with short blonde hair and big blue eyes.判断问句是在提问长相，需要用What do/does…look like?来提问，所以答案选C。）

③to对……来说，for对……来说，区别：在it 做形式主语的句子里，对……来说，常用for，否则常用to。例如：It’s difficult for me to finish the work.我完成这项工作很难。It’s time for us to get up.我们该起床了。You were like a father to me.你对我而言，就像一个父亲。

12.Many of the students and villagers never leave the village.这些学生和村民中的许多人从没有离开过这个村庄。

【重点注释】①many of…意为“……中的许多”，of后接代词的宾格、可数名词复数。接名词时，这个名词前必须有人称代词、名词所有格或定冠词修饰，它表示一种部分与整体的关系。例如：Many of us like the film.我们中的许多人喜欢这部电影。Many of her friends are girls.她的朋友中有许多是女孩。

②leave及物动词，此处是“离开……”的意思。leave 也可以作不及物动词，也是“离开”的意思。注意下面不同的说法：1）“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如：When did you leave Shanghai?你什么时候离开上海的？2）“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地，前往某地”。例如：Next Friday,Alice is leaving for London.下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦。3）“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：Why are you leave Shang for Beijing?你为什么要离开上海去北京呢？

【拓展记忆】leave除了“离开”，还有以下几种特殊用法：①及物动词，意思是“留下”、“丢下”“落下”，常表示某物落在/忘在某地。例如：You’d better leave your address and telephone number.你最好留下你的地址和电话号码。I left my key in the reading-room.我把钥匙忘在阅览室了。②及物动词，表示“留给”、“交给”，一般与介词with或to搭配。例如：Leave it with/to me and I’ll see what I can do.把它交给我，我就知道该怎么办。③及物动词，表示“使……处于某种状态”，此时leave后接宾语及宾语补足语，宾语补足语可以是形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语等。例如：Leave the door open.让门开着。④leave还可作名词，表示“休假”、“假期”。例如：I have 3 weeks’leave.我有三个星期休假。He asked his teacher for sick leave.他向老师请病假。

13．It is their dream to have a bridge.有一座桥是他们的梦想。

【重点注释】①.dream可数名词，意为“梦想；睡梦”，have a dream有一个梦想；做一个梦。Everyone has a dream.每个人都有一个梦想。I often have bad dreams.我经常做噩梦。②课本原句It is their dream to have a bridge.有一座桥是他们的梦想。其中，it是形式主语，真正主语是to have a bridge.原句相当于To have a bridge is their dream.也可以说成It is a dream for them to have a bridge.（参见Unit 3 Section B课文全析4【重点注释】③，本句与其不同的是：本句It is后跟名词a dream,而课文全析4中，It is 后跟形容词，但不管跟形容词还是名词，结构都是一样的，句中也都可加入for sb.。）

【拓展记忆】①dream不及物动词，意为“做梦”。例如：She often dreams at night.她晚上经常做梦。②dream of/about意为“梦想；梦见”。例如：Many people dream of becoming famous.很多人梦想成名。I often dream of my mother.我经常梦见我妈妈。

14.Can their dream come true?他们的梦想能实现吗？

【重点注释】①come true意为“实现；成为现实”，come作系动词表示动作。例如：Your dreams will come true.你们的梦想会成为现实的。Your dream doesn’t always come true。你的梦想并不总能实现。Study hard,and your dream will come true.努力学习，你的梦想将会实现。②true形容词，意为“真的；符合事实的”。例如：Please believe me.The news is true.请相信我。这个消息是真的。

【试题链接】[2013山东烟台中考题]根据所给汉语，将句子补充完整（每空一词）。我相信我们的中国梦一定会实现。I believe our Chinese dreams will . (come true为固定短语，意为“实现；成为现实”，答案：come true)

【拓展记忆】表示变化过程的系动词有become，get，turn，而be表状态，还有sound，look，taste，smell等，这些词后边常跟形容词作表语。例如：He became /got/turned/angry when hearing the news.听到那消息他生气了。He was angry ,because he heard some bad news.他生气是因为听到了一些不好的消息。15.They have to cross a very big river between their school and the village.他们不得不穿越一条在他们学校和村庄之间的大河。

【重点注释】have to意为“必须；不得不；得”，强调外界客观因素要求主语“不得不做某事”，表示客观上的需要，强调被迫性，有人称和时态的变化，其后接动词原形。have to可用于多种时态，形式随时态变化而变化，还可以用在其他情态动词之后。例如：We have to work hard.我们得努力工作。I had to tell him about this last night.昨晚我不得不把这件事告诉他He may have to help his dad in the garden.他可能不得不在花园里帮他爸爸。Because he had no money,he had to drop out of school.因为没有钱，他不得不辍学了。

You don’t have to tell him about it.你没必要把这件事告诉他。You mustn’t tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。

16.Thanks for your last e-mail.谢谢你的上一封电子邮件。

【重点注释】Thanks for…意为“谢谢你……；因……而感谢”，相当于“Thank you for…”，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或v.ing形式，表示感谢的内容或原因。例如：Thanks for your help.谢谢你的帮助。Thanks for inviting us to your birthday party.谢谢你邀请我们参加你的生日聚会。

【拓展记忆】thanks to的用法：thanks to为习语介词，thanks不可以改为thank you,to后也不接动词原形，这个短语表示原因，意为“由于”、“多亏”，to表示感谢的对象。例如：Thanks to the English language,we can learn a lot from other countries.由于英语这门语言，我们能从其他国家学到很多东西。

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