英语答案校对和问答题参考答案
Unit 3
判断题第一题和选择题第一题（C选项）貌似矛盾。。
问答题：
1、What are some of the characteristics of the British constitutional monarchy? How has the English monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy?
A: ①the official head of state is the monarchy with traditional and symbolic power. The government is elected by people and governs according to the constitutional principles.
②In ancient times, the monarchy ruled the country according to the ancient doctrine “Divine right of God”. At that time , monarchy had great power. In the medieval time , when the King?s own wealth could n?t cover royal expenses, he would try to persuade the Great Council to give him some extra money.
By the 13th century, Kings widen the Great Council to raise more money. In this way, the Great Council came to include who were summoned by name and representatives of communities.
The power of parliament became bigger and bigger over time. In the 17th century , the Civil War broke out which was rooted in a dispute of the power of the King and Parliament. The roundheads representing the Parliament defeated the royalists. But a restoration to the throne was achieved by CharlesⅡin 1660.
In 1688, the King agreed to declare that governing without the parliament is illegal in the Glorious Revolution.
In 1689,the Bill of Right was passed by parliament which make sure the King would never be able to ignore the parliament.
2、How did the doctrine of the “divine right of king”, according to the author, lead to the Civil War? What do you know about the revolution of the 17th century?
A:①It was held that the sovereign derived his authority from God not from his subjects. So the sovereign can do whatever he likes. But with the acquisition of power of Parliament , king?s power was limited. The Civil war was rooted in a dispute over the power of the king and parliament.
②there were two revolutions of 17th century: the civil war and the glorious revolution.
The civil war was led by the roundheads that representing Parliament defeated the royalists. The roundheads succeeded in ousting the monarchy, CharlesⅠ, in 1642 and ruled for 18years before the monarchy, Charles Ⅱ, was restored.
The glorious revolution happened in1688, when the king James Ⅱalso tried to govern without the consent of the parliament. Leading politicians and authorities of the church ask James?son-in-law William of Orange, to replace him. In return, William promised these representatives that he will declare that governing without the parliament consent to be illegal.
In 1689 parliament passed the Bill of Right that the king would never be able to ignore parliament.
3、What is the history of English parliament? What role did the parliament play in the civil war?
A:①The term was first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and
representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money. By the 13th Century, king found they could not make the ends meet by asking money from this quite small group, and so they widened the Great Council to include representatives of counties, cities and towns.It was in this way that the Great Council came to include both those who were summoned “by name”(the House of Lords)and representatives of communities(the House of Commons).The two houses exist today collectively we call them the Parliament.
②Parliament represents the community ,having no real political right ,and It was the effort to reassert the rights of Parliament that led to the civil war.
4、Discuss the major characteristics and the main content of British constitution
A: Israel and Britain are the only two countries without written constitutions.
The foundations of British Constitution are laid out in : ①statute law which are passed by Parliament.②the common law : laws which have been written through common practice in courts.
③conventions : rules and practices which do not exist legally but are nevertheless regarded as vital to the working of government.
5、Why does the author say that parliament is supreme in the British state? What function does parliament have? What role does the Queen (king) and Prime Minister play in British government?
A: ①parliament can change the terms of Constitution and there are not legal restraints upon it.
②First, It pass laws which is the most important one
Second, It provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation. Third, It scrutinizes government policy, administration and expenditure
Fourth, It debates the major issues of the day.
③The Queen is the head of executives, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, commander of chief of the armed forces, a confidante to the prime minister.
④the prime minister is the leader of the party which wins the most supporters in the Commons. He form the government.
6、What kind of institution is the house of Lords? What role does it play in the British government.
A:①The house of Lords is made of the Lords Spiritual (archbishops and most prominent bishops of the church of England) and the Lords of Temporal (everyone else)
②peers speak and vote as individuals in parliament , not as representatives of the great interests of the country. Because the house of Lords is a part of the parliament ,it must agree to pass a given legislation before the legislation is put into effect.(课本40页第四段)
Unit 7
1、（1）The purpose of school is to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will to become active members of society. But the purpose of the British education system is also to socialize children.
（2）开放题
2、The controversies in education system reflect the deeper divisions in British society as a whole. Britain is a society in which social class is still very important: class inequality can be erased or continued according to educational policy. If you understand the importance of the relationship between education and social class, you can understand a great deal about British culture and society.
3、（1）When the Germans began dropping bombs on British cities,750000 school children were “evacuated” to live in the countryside where it was hoped they would be safer. Schools were closed or used for war purposes and education continued in the countryside on an hoc basis. （2）more equality
（3）①The result was the 1944 Education Act which made entry to secondary（middle）schools and universities “meritocratic”.
②In the 1960s,comprehensive schools were introduced all over the country, which ended the division between grammar schools. Entrance exams were abolished and schools were no longer allowed to let children “compete” for places.
4、Universities, reflecting the trend throughout the education system, have traditionallyvbeen rather elitist. Most students were from the middle classes, attended good schools, performed well in their A-levels and received a fully-funded placein a university.
5、(1)The open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degree. People can register without having any formal educational qualifications. They follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, videos, residential schools and a network of study centres.
(2)开放题
Unit 9
I.TTFTT FFTTT
II.CDBAA CBCAA
III.
1.reading newspapers
2.national, daily
3.quality
4.the Guardian
5.the tabloid
6.censorship
7.the British Broadcasting Corporation
8.BBC One;BBC Two
9.The tabloids
10.The Financial Time
11.The Official Secret Act
12.Functions, culture
IV.
1.quality papers
one of the categories of the national dailies which carry more serious, in-depth articles of particular political, reviews and feature articles about high culture. They are also referred as the …?broadsheets?? and their readers are generally a well-educated middle class audience.
2.tabloids
a small format newspapers with color photos and catchy headlines. Usually interested in scandals and gossip about famous people.
3.the Times
The Times began publish ing in 1785 and it is the United Kingdom?s oldest daily newspaper.
4.BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation. Founded in 1927 as a public service radio station and later moved in television. It?s Britain? main public service broadcaster which has 2 channels. Questions
1.Because for most British people, most day begin with a look at the morning newspapers. On
an average day, 90% of Britons over the age of15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television:96%of the population watch TV at least once a week.
They provide people with information about political and social issues; provide weather reports; carry advertising; provide people a forum for people to express their views or seek advice. But British media play an important role in engendering a national culture.
2.British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class educational differences are
reflected in the newspapers people read. Although most newspapers are financially independent of political parties, they often express particular political views and most people will choose to read a newspaper which accords with their own fellings.
Newspaper reading in America is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the “lower classes” are al so regulars.
3.There is no particular state censorship, but many British laws limit the freedom of the press.
The media such as journal is also affected by the Official Secrets Acts, a legal act which stipulates that all government information is kept secret unless the government says it can be released.
4.The BBC is funded by license fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set.
Because the BBC is funded by license fees, there are technically no commercials, although between shows there are trailers for upcoming shows and promotions for products associated with the BBC.
Unit10
一．判断、选择、填空校对
判断10. F P157 Scotland Line 2 (In Ireland [Scotland], New Year’s Eve…)
填空4 Royal Ascot P153 Line3
二．问答
Q1: Find some examples from the text to demonstrate how Christian Church has influenced the sports and leisure activities of the British.
A1:
Example 1: Sunday is still the day that most people have off in the UK because it is the day of the week when everyone traditionally went to Church.
Example 2: Tennis was invented in Britain and it owes its origins, literally, to the Church. Church records indicate that by the mid-15th century, people were making a game of bouncing a ball off the side of their local churches or cathedrals, fisrt using the hand, and later a racquet.
Q2: Why is cricket very English? Why does the author believe that cricket was associated with a set of English values?
A2:
Cricket was one of the very first team sports in Britain to have oragnised rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally.
In the 19th century, cricket became a “snob”game played by boys who attended public schools. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK, cricket became associated with a set of English values, in particular the idea of “fair play” which characterized British government
Q3: How do the British celebrate Christmas? In what way does this holiday and the ways of celebration in Britain reflect Western cultural tradition in general and British traditions in particular?
A3:
Form ancient times there are many Celtic or pagan traditions such as decorating the house with evergreen plants like holly and ivy, or kissing under a twig of mistletoe. Nowadays Christmas is celebrated by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods and decorating homes and workplaces its coloured lights Christmas
trees and ornaments.
There are three ways that are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime. It is a comical musical play usually based on a popular traditional children’s story, there are two main characters in the play: the main male character, “the principal boy”, is played by a young woman, and “the Dame”, often an ugly woman, is played by a man. Another British Christmas tradition is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the television and radio. She usually talks about the year that has passed and expresses her hopes for the future. A third British tradition, which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages, is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christmas. Traditionally, it was on Boxing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants. Now that most British people do not have servants, this custom is no longer observed. However, a new Boxing Day custom has emerged, in the cities at least: shopping. Shops open up to sell off all their Christmas stock decorations, food, cards and gift items at low prices.
Q4: In what way are the Welsh people different from England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland in celebrating their holidays?
[书上木有答案]
下册Unit 4
判断题第8题没有在书中找到答案。
选择题没有问题
简答题
1.①
(1) when the war of independence was over, the united states was not one unified nation.
(2)Each new state had its own government and was organized like an independent nation.
(3)Each made its own laws and handled all of its internal affairs.
(4)The states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other.
(5)when the Congress needed money to pay the national army or to pay debts owed to France and other nations, some states refused to contribute.
(6)The Congress had been no authority to force any state to do anything.it could not tax any citizen. Only the state in which a citizen lived could do that.
②it was necessary .
(1)The future of American would be in gray if there were not any changes.
(2)They could not win the respect of other nations if the states did not pay their debts.
(3)They could not improve the country by building roads or canals if the states would not work
together.
2.我相信不会考，你们相信我么。。。
3.
①legislative branch: the main duty of the congress is to make laws, levy federal taxes, declare war or put foreign treaties into effect.
Executive branch: The president , the chief formulator of public policy, has broad powers to issue regulations and directives, and appoints the heads and senior officials of the executive branch agencies.
Judicial branch: the Court?s most important f unction consists of determining whether congressional legislation or executive action violates the Constitution.
The checks and balance:
The bill passed by Congress should be sent to the president for his signature. And the president can vote any bill passed by Congress, the vote can also be overridden if two-thirds of the members of both houses in Congress vote in favor of it .The president has the authority to make treaties with other nations and to appoint federal judges as vacancies occur, including members of the Supreme Court. All such treaties and court appointments are subject to confirmation by the Senate.
The president has the authority to appoint federal judges as vacancies occur, including members of the Supreme Court. The Court can determine whether the executive action violates the Constitution and has the right of examination .
The Congress can remove the federal judges through the process of impeachment and trial , and the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law unconstitutional passed by the Congress and therefore no longer in effect.
见图示：
4．见名词解释5课后答案
5．Today, the united states has two major parties. One is the Democratic Party, which is evolved out of Thomas Jefferson?s party, formed before 1800.The symbol is donkey. And most Americans consider the Democratic party the more liberal party.By that they mean Democrats believe the federal government and the governments should be active in providing social and economic programs for those who need them. The other party is the Republican Party, which was formed in the 1850s by people in the state of the North and West. The symbol of it is the elephant.In contrast to the Democratic Party, the Republicans are not necessarily opposed to social programs ,they believe such programs are too costly to the taxpayers. They place more emphasis on private enterprise and often accuse the Democrats of making the initiative.so Americans tend to think the republican Party as more conservative.
拼写错误敬请谅解！！
下U8 Education in the US
问答题
1.What is the goal of education in the US?
P118
The goal is to achieve universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their own individual welfate as well as that of the general
public.
2.How did American education system begin to develop?
P121
(1)Wit hin just a few years after the Puritans’ arrival, they took steps to set up a system
of education in their colony:
In 1634, they opened a “latin grammar” school.
In 1636, Harvard College was founded for the training of religious ministers.
In 1634 and 1638, the Puritans passed laws declaring that all property could be taxed for the commen good, which included the support of schools.
In 1642 and 1647, the Bay Golony passed laws requiring all parents to provide reading education for their children.
Thus, in less than 20 years, the Puritans introduced compulsory education for all children in the 17th century.
P122
(2)The 10th Amendment of the Constitution guarantees the right of each state to provide
for the education of its people.
(3)In 1954 the Supreme Court ruled it is unconstitutional to segregate blacks into
separate school.
P123
(4*)More and more Americans viewed the university as the doorway to a medical or law degree, a position in government, or a management position in a major business office.
3.本人认为此题是开放题。。。
Unit 10 Social problems
选择题、判断题、填空题木有发现错误。
问答题：
1.American society is a stratified one , in which power, wealth, and prestige are unequally distributed among the population.This inequality is not simply a matter of distinctions between gender and social classes;it tends to follow racial and ethnic lines as well. With the result that class divisions often parallel racial divisions.
2.The first male settlers from “Anglo-Saxon” northwestern Europe quickly took control of economic assets and political power in the United States, and they have maintained this control, to a greater or lesser degree, ever since. Successive waves of immigrants from other parts of Europe and elsewhere in the world had to struggle long and hard to become assimilated into the mainstream of American life.Those whose ethnic or racial characteristics differ most markedly from those of the dominant groups—have been excluded by formal and informal barriers from full participation in American life.
3.Origin: Within a few decades after 1619, Africans were sold as slave to the United States through massive slave trade. The white sold them like cattle at auction. They suffered oppression,discrimination,and denial of basic civil rights and liberties.
Development:The Northern states had all outlawed slavery by 1830,but in the Southern states ,the slavery was not abolished until the civil war in 1863. The institution was ended by 13th
Amendment to the Constitution in 1865. But even after that, wholesale discrimination was practiced against black Americans. Segregation laws continued to be enforced in Southern states until 1950s; in the North the informal methods were used.The 1960s saw the great civil rights movement.
Current situation:The current status of Afro-Americans presents a mixed picture.The elimination of legal barriers to their advancement has been a major gain, but institutionalized discrimination is still rife.Race relations between black and white still leave much to be desired, although there is unmistakable evidence of some improvements in attitudes.
4.(1)Poverty in the United States dose not simply mean that the poor do not live quite as well as other citizens. It means many old people eating dog and cat food to supplement their diets, malnutrition and deprivation for hundreds of thousands of children , greater susceptibility to disease to alcoholism, to victimization by criminals and to mental disorders.It often means unstable marriages ,slum housing ,illiteracy,ignorance,inadequate medical facilities, and shortened life expectancy.Poverty can mean low self-esteem, despair, and stunting of human potential. (2)Because the continued existence of poverty in a generally affluent American society raise serious moral questions—and inevitably creates fierce conflicts of interest and many political controversies.
5.(1)Because it is perceived by most Americans as a major threat to our society,particularly to its younger members.
(2)Because it has a wide range of social costs,or dysfunctions,like crime, automobile accidents, economic losses and bad effects on individuals.
Unit 13
判断题12 课后答案是F，但是根据P216 53条和P211 第10行，推断答案是T
选择、填空没错。
个人认为此单元的问答题都是开放题，不会考。
下15
判断正误
4、5题没在书上找到依据
选择
10 第248页，第2段第2行、6行、倒数2行（可能题目有问题，也许是you can?t see）问答题
1、2、3、5都是开放性问题
4、①Alaska is called the”last great place”because many great places on our planet have been over- exploited by humans for economic gains.
②This area(ANWR)on the north Alaskan coast is rich in oil resourse.
③The debate has been going on over the question of drilling oil or not in ANWR since 1997.Shall we humans recklessly exploit nature to satisfy our growing needs or shall we do our best to preserve nature to save our planet from further damage?
Unit 16
I.Multiple choices
1~5.ABDCB
6~10.DCB C C
9.p259:”......and new genre films emerged: horrow, science fiction, and rock?n?roll stories aimed at teenagers proliferated.”
11~15.AADCA
16~20.ADCAD
注：选择题第14~20的答案课本上没有，都是自己找的。
II.Fill in the blanks.
课后答案貌似都是对的。
Questions
1.The term “popular culture” was coined in the 19th century, in original usage referring to the education and “culturedness” of the lower classes. The current meaning of the term, culture for mass consumption, especially originating in the United States, is established by the end of WWII. The abbreviated form “pop culture” dates back to the 1960s.
2.Although the United States as dominated commercial film production for much of the 20th century, movies did not originate in America. Enterprising inventors in Europe, such as the Lumiere brothers in Paris, were already projecting motion pictures in 1895 with their first projection device, the Cinmatographe.
Machines were developed and first used to publicly exhibit movies in New York in 1896 when Thomas Edison demonstrated the Vitascope.
At first, the films with a length of only a minute or so were part of the vaudeville shows and arcades. Over time, story films were developed, they were mostly melodramas and comedies.
In 1903, Edwin S.Porter used innovative editing to create a coherent narrative, later in The Great Train Robbery he used overlapping and parallel action to build to an exciting climax.
At first, films were sold directly to exhibitors, then in 1908, over 150 exchanges operated across the country. The first of the early theaters opened in Pittsburgh in 1905 was called “nickelodeons.”The first American studios were built in the New York City area. In 1909, Edison formed the Motion Picture PatentsCompany. Meanwhile, With many independent film companies moved their studios to a suburb of Los Angeles, Hollywood became the American movie capital after 1913.
3.Between 1916 and 1926, the American film industry came into the hands of a few powerful companies, a studio hierarchy was established that lasted for several generations.
Cynicism and sensuality among the upper classes characterized many of the 1920s features, and democratic optimism gave way to rampant materialism. Among the new heroes were sexually aggressive “Latin lovers”. Among the new genres were gangster films that increasing pressu re for censorship and widely publicized scandals led the industry to adopt a self-regulatory code of dos and don?ts.