当前位置：文档库 › 牛津上海版英语九年级上册全书语法知识汇总

牛津上海版英语九年级上册全书语法知识汇总

G9 GRAMMAR

现在完成时

I.现在完成时的概念。

①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

She has been ill for three days. （她病了三天了。）

②表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

We've known each other since we were children. （我们从小就认识。）

I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.

II.构成：”助动词have, has + 过去分词”

练. 把下面变否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。

1. I have done my homework.

否定句：_______________________________________

一般疑问句：___________________________________

回答：_________________________________________

2. The plane has arrived.

否定句：_______________________________________

一般疑问句：___________________________________

回答：_________________________________________

III.现在完成时用法归纳

1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成，对现在造成的影响和结果。(此种用法谓语动词用结束性动词)

如： The plane has arrived.

常用的时间状语和副词：

already (已经) 用于肯定句中，位置比较灵活，但通常放在have/ has 与过去分词之间

如： I have already done my homework.

yet (还，仍然，已经) 用于否定句和疑问句的句末。

如： Has she finished cooking yet? 他做完饭了吗？

练：I have already done my homework. (变为否定句)_________________________________ ever (曾经)，句中，多用于疑问句

如： Have you ever been to Shanghai?

never (从不) ，本身否定；before (以前)，句尾，独立用；just (刚刚)，用于肯定句中，常用在助动词和过去分词之间。

如：I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息。

2. 完成时可用于表示某时间段里完成的动作，常与today, these days, recently等时间状语连用。如：

Have you seen her these days? 译： ______________

Have you been to the library today? 译：____________

Have you read the book recently? 译：______________

3.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，可能延续到将来的动作和状态。

常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用。如：

a.for + 一段时间：for two hours

b.since + 时间点：since 2019, since last year

c.since + 一段时间+ ago: since two days ago

d.since + 从句（用过去时）

e.up to now, till now, until now, so far

f.in the past two years, in the last few days

g.recently, lately

如： Miss Zhao has taught math for five years.

His mother has worked in the shop since 1990.

The Greens have lived in London since three years ago.

[注]

如：这本书我已买了一年半了！)

英语中的短暂性动词，也叫做终止性动词、瞬间动词或非延续性动词，只表示一时的动作，在肯定句式中不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。常见的短暂性动词有：go, come, leave, find, buy, arrive, give, stop, join, marry, die, begin, start, borrow, close, open, lend等。eg. I have bought this book for three months. (×)

非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法：

（1）将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。

leave- have (has) been away from close- be closed

join- have (has) been (in) begin/start- be on

buy- have (has) had go- be there

die- have (has) dead finish- be over

come (arrive)- have (has) been here borrow- have (has) kept

begin to work- have (has) worked open- have (has) been open

get up- have (has) been up put on – have (has) on

come back- have (has) been back gone (left)- been away

joined – been got to know – known

（2）时间状语的变化：把表时间的状语“for…”变为“数词+ 时间名词+ago”的短语形式。（即：将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时）

如：他参军五年了。（判断正误）

He has joined the Army for five years. ( )

He has been in the Army for five years. ( )

He joined the Army five years ago. ( )

他离开济南三年了。

He has left Ji’nan for three years. ( )

He has been away from Ji’nan for three years.

He left Ji’nan three years ago.

(3) 句子模式的变化。用句型“It is + 一段时间+ since从句”（从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式表示）如：

The old man died two years ago.= The old man has been dead for two years.

= It is two years since the old man died.

5. have been to/ have gone to/ have been in 三种结构的区别

（1）have been to 去过某地(现已离开)，可以与ever, never, once, twice等连用。

（2）has gone to 去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的路上或已在某地，总之现在还未回来。此句型一般用于第三人称。

（3） have been in 表示已在某地呆了多久，若该地为小地方则用at。

翻译：

你以前去过北京吗？___________________________

吉姆已经去了伦敦。___________________________

格林一家在中国已经两年了。_____________________

6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

(1) 侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。如： Yesterday I went to the zoo. (仅说明昨天去了动物园，与现在无关)

Li Lei has read the book. (说明李磊了解那本书的内容)

（2）连用的时间状语不同：一般过去时常与ago, yesterday, last…, in 2019, just now等连用。而现在完成时与already, yet, still, j ust, so far, in the last/ past…, before, ever, never, since…, for…等时间状语连用。

[注] 现在完成时不可与yesterday, last week, two days ago等过去时间状语连用。

被动语态

语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。

Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

A new shop was built last year.

This book has been translated into many languages.

A new hospital will be built in our city.

Young trees must be watered often.

My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

There are twenty more trees to be planted.

二、主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：

1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语

2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。

3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。

4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。

三、不用被动语态的情况

1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：

appear, die(死亡),disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, r emain, sit, spread, stand

比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。

(错)The price has been risen.

(对) The price has risen.

(错) The accident was happened last week.

(对) The accident happened last week.

(错) The price has raised.

(对) The price has been raised.

(错) Please seat.

(对) Please be seated.

要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

This key just fits the lock.

Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

3) 系动词无被动语态（keep除外）：

appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, st ay, taste, turn

It sounds good.

4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：

die, death, dream, live, life

She dreamed a bad dream last night.

5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

(对) She likes to swim.

(错) To swim is liked by her.

四、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：

1. 不及物动词无被动语态。

What will happen in 100 years?

The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。

This pen writes well.

This new book sells well.

3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。

例：make somebody do something→

somebody+ be +made to do something

see somebody do something →

somebody +be +seen to do something

A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→

My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→

The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

He gave me a book.→

A book was given to me by him.

He showed me a ticket.→

A ticket was shown to me by him.

My father bought me a new bike. →

A new bike was bought for me by my father.

5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

We can’t laugh him. →

He can’t be laugh by us.

He listen s to the radio every day. →

The radio is listened to by him every day.

The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →

The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.

副词

副词的分类

副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。

1、表频率的副词

常见的频率副词有：always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,hardly,seldom.它们一般在系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，行为动词之前.

①He always goes to school on foot. ②She has never been to Beijing. ③She is often

late for work.

2、表示方式的副词

与方式相关的副词，这类词通常由形容词+ly转化而来。如safely,quietly,quickly，politely loudly， luckily ，happily ，easily ，carefully ， slowly ， suddenly以及fast,late,hard,early等。此类副词位于动词之后，如果是及物动词一般位于宾语之后。

①The children are dancing happily. ②They work hard.

③The students did their homework carefully.

3．程度副词

与程度相关的副词有：very , much , only, quite , as, too, too…for, too…to do, well, almost, even, a little , enough , rather, a lot , so,such , badly, nearly , further , really , widely , hardly , a bit等。它们一般位于被修饰的词前面，但enough要放在被修饰的词后面。

①I can hardly know her name.②The cake is so delicious

③He was badly hurt .④He worked hard enough.

4．表时间、地点、方向的副词

（1）与时间相关的副词有: ago ,already, before, early, long, late, just, now, once, soon,

since, today, tomorrow ,tonight ,yesterday, yet等。它们通常位于句末，有些也可位于句中如：already等。

①They’ll come back soon. ②He lived here ten years ago .

③They have finished the work already.=T hey have already finished the work.

（2）与地点、方向相关的副词经常位于动词之后与动词搭配构成短语动词。

outside, inside , upstair ,here ,there ,home, near, come back , turn left , go out 5．疑问副词和关系副词

（1）常用的疑问副词：when,where ,why ,how,how old, how long, how soon, how often, how far等以及perhaps,maybe,instead等,通常用于句首。

①Maybe/Perhaps he is at home. ②How did you go there ?

③When was he born ? ④How often do you see a movie ?

⑤How soon will your father come back?

（2）关系副词主要有四个,即when, where, why，how等。关系副词常用来引导从句。

1.副词的位置和排序

（一）、副词的位置：

1）在动词之前。

2）在be动词、助动词之后。

3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意：

a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。

We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.

b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾，如：He speaks English well.

（二）、副词的排列顺序：

1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。

2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。 Please write slowly and carefully.

3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。

注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。

改错：(错) I very like English. (对) I like English very much.

注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。

①I don"t know him well enough. ②There is eno ugh food for everyone to eat.

③There is food enough for everyone to eat.

副词的用法

1).作状语修饰动词，位于动词后。

①He walked quietly into his bedroom. ②It is raining hard .

2).作状语修饰形容词，位于形容词前。

①You have a very nice watch. ②The machine is too heavy.

3).作状语修饰另一副词，位于另一副词前。有时候也修饰整个句子

①You walked too slowly,I couldn’t wait for you. ②Unfortunately ，he was out.

4).作表语，位于系动词之后。

①How long will she be away? ②Is your mother in ?

5).作宾语补足语，位于宾语之后。

①Ask him in . ②I saw him out .

6).作定语，位于名词后。

①the girl here ②the boy over there ③the man upstairs ④on one’s way home 副词的比较等级

1、副词比较等级的构成

（1）副词的比较等级与形容词相似，也有比较级和最高级。

（2）绝大多数的副词比较级和最高级都是在其前面加上more和most构成的，有少数单音节和个别双音节的副词是在末尾加er , est 构成。

slowly- more slowly- most slowly carefully-more carefully –most carefully fast-faster-fastest

（3）还有一些副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的。例如：

well-better-best badly-worse-worst far-farther/further-farthest/furthest much –more-most little-less-least little-less-least

2、副词比较等级的用法

（1）副词的同级比较用 (not)as+副词原级+as .

①Jim did the work as well as Lilei. ②I can’t run as fast as you .

（2）两者之间进行比较常与than连用。

①He speaks English better than you . ②Tom works harder than Jim .

(3)表示三者、三者以上之间的比较用副词最高级，用不用定冠词the皆可，通常有一个表示范围的短语。例如：

①The boy writes most carefully of the four. ②Jim did worst in the exam in his class yesterday.

一、兼有两种形式的副词

1) close与closely

close意思是"近"； closely 意思是"仔细地"

①He is sitting close to me. ②Watch him closely.

2)late 与lately

late意思是"晚"； lately 意思是"最近"

①You have come too late. ②What have you been doing lately?

3)deep与deeply

deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"

①He pushed the stick deep into the mud. ②Even father was deeply moved by the film.

4)high与highly

high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much

①The plane was flying high. ②I think highly of your opinion.

5)wide与widely

wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"

①He opened the door wide. ②English is widely used in the world.

6)free与freely

free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地"

①You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. ②You may speak freely; say what you like.

易混点清单

一、how long,how often,how soon，how far的用法区别

1. how long“多长”，询问动作在时间上所持续的长度。其答语部分或划线部分可能是：

1）“for + 时间段”，有时可能没有介词for。如：

---How long did he wait for you here？--- For two hours.

It took him 20 minutes to finish his homework. (对话线部分提问)

→How long did it take him to finish his homework?

2）“since + 具体时间”，“since + 时间段+ ago”或者“since + 从句”。如：

---How long are you feeling like this? ---Since last night.

3）表示时间的between…and…,from…to…等介词短语。如：

They were playing football from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday. (对话线部分提问)

→How long were they playing football yesterday?

另外，how long也可以询问某事物的具体长度。如：

---How long is the desk？ ---1.2 meters. 1.2米。

2. how soon“多久，多快”，询问动作在将来要经过多长时间才会发生。其答语部分或划线部分可能是：in + 时间段。如：

He’s going to Zhengzhou in two days. (对话线部分提问)

→How soon is he going to Zhengzhou？

3. how far“多远”，询问路程、距离。如：How far is it from here to school?

4.how often 指每隔多久，主要用来对频度副词或状语(如：once a week, three times a month 等)提问。如

A：How often does he come here?

B：Once a month.

A：How often do you visit your mother?

B：Once a week.

二、hard和hardly的区别

(一)、hard可用作形容词或副词：

1. 当hard用作形容词时，意为“困难的、坚固的、努力的”等。例如：

①It’s hard for old people to change their ways. ②Steel is harder than wood.

2. 当hard用作副词时，意为“努力的、困难的、猛烈地”等。例如：

①Does Tom work hard at his lessons? ②It’s raining hard outside now. Don’t go out.

(二)、hardly只能用作副词，意为“几乎没有、几乎不”。例如：

①I can hardly see anything on the blackboard. ②My father hardly ever watches TV.

三、much too和too much区别

（一）(too) much 中心词是much

1．相当于形容词，意为“more than enough”，用在不可数名词前面作定语或在系动词后面作表语。如：

①Americans eat too much meat in my opinion．②I drank too much cola last night．

③The work is too much for her．④She's afraid the trip will be too much for me．

2．相当于名词，在句子中作主语或宾语。如：

①Too much was happening all at once．②You have given me too much．

3．相当于副词，在句子中作状语。如：

①You work too much．②She talks too much．

（二）(much) too 中心词为too

much too的用法比较简单，只用作副词作状语，但它不单独使用，在句子中要修饰形容词或副词，但不修饰动词。如：

You are much too kind to me．②It's much too cold．③You are driving much too fast．【练习】1.we should not eat junk food .

A.too much

B.much too

C.too many

D.much too (A)

2.it's ____ hot in august in Nanjing .

3.A .many too B . much too C . very too D .to much (B)

4.We don't have ____ time to work every year.

5.A much too B so many C too much D too many (C)

四、also ,too, as well ,either, neither 意思区别

1)also表示"也"是比较正式的用词, too 是普通用词,口语中用的多,使用时应注意: also 一般用于句子中,其位置在行为动词之前,动词to be之后。如有助动词或情态动词，一般应在助动词或情态动词后，为了强调，也可放在前面。例如：

①I also went. ②You are also wrong.

too常置于句末，前面可用逗号，如置于句中，其前后均有逗号。例如

①He is a singer ,too. ②He,too,is a singer.

注意: also,too只能用于肯定句。

2) either neither

either 表示“也”，只能用在否定句中，必须放在句末。例如：

①He didn't go there. I didn't either.

neither表示"两者都不"。

①In neither case can I agree. ② Neither of them wants to stop for a rest．

3) as well as 作并列连词相当于not only…but also和no less…than，但not only…but also侧重在后项，as well as 和no less…than 侧重在前项。例如：

①We must learn to look at problems all-sidedly, seeing the reverse as well as the obverse side or things. ②A true man should be practical as well as far-sighted.

在否定句中，as well as 的位置不同，句意往往有很大差别。比较下面的句子：

①He, as well as she, will not come. ②He will not come as well as she.（否定前者，肯定后者）③Henry, as well as his brother, doesn't work hard. ④Henry doesn't work hard as well as him brother.

as well as 连接的应是平等成分，都作主语或都作宾语等。例如：

①She was there as well as me. （误）②She was there as well as I .（正）

五、already、yet、still的区别

1）already是"已经",用在肯定句中,用在完成时中比较多,比如I've already been to London.

2）yet是"还"用于否定句,如I haven't gone there yet.

此外yet还有"但是"的意思,有时可以和but互换,比如The authorities claim that the situation in the area has been under control, yet the fact is not the case.(当局声称此地区局势已得到控制,但事实并不是那么回事.)

3）still是"仍然",如He should have been killed in the accident, but he is still alive.(他本应在事故中丧生,但他活着.)

六、ago和before的区别

1.ago表示“从现在起的若干时间以前”，意思是“距今……以前”，需和过去时或过去进行时连用。before泛指“从过去起的若干时间以前”，意思是“距过去某时……以前”“与其……（毋宁）”，常和完成时连用，尤其在间接引语中，如：①His parents died ten years ago．②He s aid that his parents had died ten years before．③I have never been there before．④I visited him three days ago, but he had gone to Shanghai a week before．

2.如果不具体表明多少时间以前，只用before不用ago，意为“从前、以前”。before仍以副词的形式置于被修饰语后，常与完成时候过去时连用。如：

①Have you seen this film before? ②He asked me whether I had been to the Great Wall before．

3.表示在某一点时间或事件以前时，只用before不用ago，这种用法是将before当作介词或连词使用。ago不具有这一功能。如：

①They will come back before six o'clock．

②It is hoped that this will be finished before the year 2019．

另外，before在句中的含义较多。不少句子中，before虽然引导的也是一个时间状语，但是译成汉语时却不必译为“在……以前”。

a.如果before引导的从句动作发生得晚或慢，可译成“……才”。这是主句主语或是名词、代词，或用it作形式主语．

①He had almost knocked me down before he saw me．

②It will be hours before he arrives．③You must sow before you can reap．

b.如果强调从句动作发生之前，主句动作已发生，可译成“未……就”或“还没有……就”。① Before I could get in a word he had measured me．②Lu Ban built nine pavilions, but before he could finish the tenth, he heard a cock crowing．

c.有些句子中的before可译为“先……然后”、“先……再”。

①Don’t count the chickens before they are hatched．不要乐观得太早。

②Be pupil before you become a teacher．先做学生，再做先生。

有些句中的before还可译为“在……内”、“趁”、“没”。

①They arrived before I expected．②Study hard before it is too late．

③I had better go now before it is too late . ④I will be through this book before three days have passed．

before sb．knew it 一类习惯说法，常译为“不知不觉……就”、“还没弄清……就”、“不知怎么地……就”，如①Time passed quickly and three months went by before Aqiao knew it．②He fell from the tree before he knew it．

4.加强语气，表示“早已”的意思或使叙述显得更生动，ago也可以用于完成时。如：

①I had thought that he had died at least twenty y ears ago．②In fact, I have long time ago known the secret．

5.在表示对过去事情猜测的“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”或“动词的非谓语形式＋have ＋过去分词”的结构中，ago也可以和完成时连用。如：

①The building is said to have been destroyed in a fire two years ago．②The incident must taken place years ago．③You can not hav e met him a moment ago．③He may have left an hour ago．④Having read the article a week ago, I know it very well．

典型例题

（一）单项选择

☆时间副词的用法----主要是用于确定句子时态。

1. ----There is something wrong with your computer.

----Don’t worry. I _________ to repair it tomorrow.

A. will come

B. came

C. come

D. have come

☆程度副词修饰比较级

2.----Why don’t you like winter in Beijing?

----Because it is ___________ winter in Guangzhou.

A. as cold as

B. much colder than

C. not so cold as

D. not cold than ☆ 定语从句关系副词

3.I still remember the park ______ we first met.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. when

☆程度副词修饰比较级

4. The actress is already 50, but she looks_________ than she really is.

A. young

B. more young

C. more younger

D. much younger

（二）完成句子

注意：so…that/too…to/enough 句型比较常考。副词在感叹句中的运用比较常考。

1. 为了听早间新闻，怀特先生经常很早起床

Mr. White often gets up early _________ __________ he can catch the early bus. 2.迈克还没决定在哪里买房。

Mike hasn’t decided ______ _______ ________ a new house yet.

3. 如果你晚上早些睡，早上就不会感觉疲惫。

If you go to bed early at night, you won’t________ ________in the morning.

4.时间过得真快呀！

_______ _______ the time passed!

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

一.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下

较级。

例题解析

1. He is ________ friends than I.

A. much more

B. many more

C. very more

D. too more

解析：后面有可数名词复数时， many的比较级形式为many more 修饰。应选B.

2. Which is the _________ country, Japan or Australia?

A. more developed

B. more developing

C. most developed

D. most developing

解析：两者比较用比较级，表示"发达"用 developed, 而developing 是 "发展中的" 意思

3．There were _______ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.

A. little

B. few

C. fewer

D. less

解析：little 不能修饰可数名词，两者比较需用比较级，所以应选C.

4. If you are not free today, come another day __________.

A. too

B. so

C. instead

D. yet

解析：instead 作副词用时意为"代替，顶替"，表示前面的事情没做，而是做了后面的事。Instead一般位于句首。应选C.

5．He can't tell us ________, I think.

A. important anything

B. anything important

C. important something

D. something important.

解析：不定代词与形容词联用需后置，否定句中应该用anything而不是something. 因此应选B

6. The Huang River is the second __________ river in our country.

A. long

B. longer

C. longest

D. the longest

解析："定冠词the+ 序数词 + 形容词最高级 " 表示"第几大……" 应选C.

7. The light in the office wasn't ________for him to read.

A. enough bright

B. bright enough

C. brightly

D. enough brightly

解析：enough修饰名词时可前可后，修饰形容词或副词时，要后置。应选B.

8. There was an accident at the corner. ________, the girl wasn't _________hurt.

A. luckily, badly

B. luck, hardly

C. Lucky, heavily

D. Lucky, strongly

解析：第一空修饰全句需用副词，第二空修饰形容词hurt也要用副词，因此选A.

9. You must keep your eyes _________ when you do eye exercises.

A. close

B. open

C. closed

D., opened 解析: 此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。应选C.

10. Five days has passed , but I haven't finished half of the work. ________,

A. already

B. still

C. too

D. yet

解析：already 与 yet 都可用于现在完成时态。Already常用于肯定句，而yet 常用与否定句。应选D.

三．形容词副词比较级最高级的其他用法

（1）和冠词连用

the ＋形容词原级＋v(复)，指一类人或物

the ＋形容词比较级，指两者中“较…的”的那一个，eg. the younger of the two a/ an ＋形容词比较级eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one.

( a) ＋most＋形容词最高级“非常…”eg. a most beautiful city

( 2 ) 相关结构

1)原级比较：肯定句as….as…., 否定句not so / as….as…..

2)比较句：比较级＋than….或more (less) ….than…..

The furniture in this shop is less beautiful than that in that shop.(注意代词that的用法)

3)比较级＋ and＋比较级或 more and more＋比较级“越来越… ”

richer and richer, more and more interesting

4)The more….., the more…..“越…，越…”

The more you look at the picture, the better you will like it.

5) 比较级＋than any other ＋n. （单）（适用于范围一致时）

(all) other ＋n.（复）

any ＋n.(单) （适用于范围不一致时）

He is taller than any other student / all other students in his class.

any student in my class.

6) 倍数表达法。

A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.

A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.

A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.

用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.

The new building is four times the size (the height)of the old one.

这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。

Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

7) more…than…结构，其意往往是…rather than…，可译为“是……而不是……”或

颠倒词序译作“与其说是……，不如说是……”。

That little girl is more tired than hungry. 那个小姑娘是累了而不是饿了。

She is more a mother than a wife或She is more of a mother than a wife.她是贤妻，更是良母。

8) A is to B what C is to D A和B的关系就像C和D的关系

Air is to man what water is to fish. 空气对于人类就像水和鱼的关系。

9) no more than= only “只不过”，言其少

not mo re than=at most “不多于”，“至少”，指事实。

no more …than… 和…一样不… 如单音节使用比较级形式

not more…than… 不比…更…

no less than= as much as “多达”

no fewer than= as many as

例：I have no more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱只不过5元。

I have not more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱不多于5元。

He is no richer than I.他和我一样穷。

He is no less determined than you. 他的决心不亚于你。

(no less determined than等于“其决心不亚于你”，言其大)

He is not less determined than you. 他的决心不比你小。

(not less determined than等于“其决心不小于”，无言其大或小的含义) 10) 最高级＋of/ in/ among…. He is the tallest of the three/ among them/ in is class.

四．相关词语辨析

1.very 和much

A）very修饰形容词、副词的原级；much修饰比较级；修饰动词用much或very much , eg. I very like English.(×),因改为：I like English very much.

B) 表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child .一

般的情况下，以-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。

如：We were greatly /much shocked by the news about Tom..

C) 已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exciting

D）too前用much/ far ,不用very。 You are much / far / a lot too nice.

另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。

We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.

E)还有修饰词既不用very,也不用much. eg: be well worth doing, be well above the tree

2. so和such

A)so … that … 与such … that … 的区别。

so + 形容词 / 副词 + that …

so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词+ that …

so + many / much / little / few + 名词+ that …

such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词+ that …

such + 形容词 + 不可数名词+ that …

such + 形容词 + 复数名词+ that …

注意：但当little表示“小”时用such。

如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress t hemselves.

下列so的用法是错误的： so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weather。

B) some/ any/ every/ no/ each/ all/ another/ several/ few/ many/ one/ two +such+n. eg. no such word

3. be too much + n.

be much too+ adj.

be too much for sb. 对…太过分了

4. can’t be too +adj.= can’t be +adj.+ enough “无论…都不为过”

You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.你越小心越

好。

条件状语从句

一．条件状语从句的概念

条件状语从句，即在某种条件下，一件事情可能发生。在英语中由连接词if或unless等引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中），一件事情（主句）才能发生，通常译作“假如，只要，如果”等意思。条件状语从句中，主从句的时态要遵循“主将从现”的原则。即，主句是将来时态时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时态。

二.条件状语从句的引导词

1.If conj . 如果，假如

If you ask him，he will help you．如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。

If you fail in the exam，you will let him down．如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。

2.unless conj.除非,若不,除非在……的时候（if ...not...）

You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.

如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。

Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。

3.so/as long as conj.只要

You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.

只要你保持书的清洁，你就可以把我的书借去。

牛津英语7b单词表(上海牛津版)中英

xx 英语第二学期单词表 Module 1 Natural element Unit 1 自然的；天然的natural 要素element 控制control 伤害injure 香烟cigarette 终点；末端end 研究）项目；专题研究project 问题question 信息information 发生happen 小心的careful 种；类kind 什么样的what kind of 引起cause xxhill 屏幕screen 页page 答案answer

在上面above 有用的useful 有害的harmful 发现discover 野生的；野的wild 煮沸boil 使融化melt 金属metal 形状shape 为了，以便so as to 玻璃glass 花瓶vase 放；安置put 数量amount 破坏；毁坏destroy 每样东西；一切everything 丧失；失去lose 严重的seriously 粗心的careless 欠考虑的；轻率的thoughtless 熄灭；扑灭put out 丢，扔drop 到处everywhere 测验quiz 卡片card 填写fill in 携带；背着carry 呼吸breathe 设备equipment 我自己myself 水龙带hose pipe 梯子ladder 斧头axe 消防演习fire 规则rule

收拾（行李）；装（箱）pack 排队queue up 往楼下；顺楼梯而下downstairs 关掉（电灯，收音机等）switch off 风扇fan 楼梯taircase 标题title 句子sentence 别的；其他的else 灭火器extinguisher 警报alarm xxbell 警铃；警钟alarm bell 消防水龙带fire hose 消防firefighting 地面ground 一楼ground floor 走廊corridor 楼梯stairs 主要的main 工艺美术art and craft 音乐music 卫生间；盥洗室toilet 职员；员工staff 有顶的covered 有顶的操场covered playground Unit 2 有风的windy

上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结

上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结一般现在时 1、定义：表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually，often，every day，sometimes，always，at weekends，on Sundays等表示经常性时间的短语。 2、构成： 1）当谓语是b e动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语＋be动词＋其他如：I am a student. He is Jim’s fathe r. They are from Japan. 2）当谓语是行为动词时，一般现在时的构成： ①主语（非第三人称单数）＋动词原形＋其他如：I often watch TV at the weekends. Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps. ②主语（第三人称单数）＋动词的第三人称单数形式＋其他如：Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays. She sometimes goes to the park with her mother. 3、动词三单形式的变化规则： ①如：read-reads，swim-swims ②如：wash-washes，watch-watches，do-does ③如：study-studies，fly-flies ④如：have-has 4、一般现在时的句型转换：

现在进行时 1、定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有now ，look ，listen 等词。如：I am washing clothes now. Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree. Listen! Jane is singing in the music room. 2、构成：be 动词（am/is/are ）+ 动词现在分词（V-ing ） 3、动词现在分词构成： ① 如：read-reading ，drink-drinking ，eat-eating ，look-looking ② 如：write-writing ，make-making ，ride-riding ，take-taking ③ 如：sit-sitting ，swim-swimming ，put-putting ，run-running ，stop-stopping ，get-getting ， begin-beginning ，jog-jogging ，forget-forgetting 4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词，它既有名词性质（可作主语），又有动词性质（可带宾语）。如：Asking the way My hobby is collecting stamps.

(word完整版)高中英语语法填空专项训练及答案

语法填空专题训练预热题第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 We high school students do have some growing pains, but we can get rid of them correctly and wisely. 1 , some of us are upset 2 their body styles and looks. It’s unnecessary and it’s not important at all. We needn’t care about it. It is one’s inner beauty 3 matters. Second, we sometimes seem to be misunderstood 4 our teachers, parents and classmates. 5 (face) with this, we can find a proper time to have a heart-to-heart talk with them, trying to remove the 6 (understand). Some of us have fewer friends. I think being open-minded and friendly will do you good. Third, we may fall behind others, 7 makes us stressed. Actually we can encourage 8 to work efficiently, full of 9 (determine). At last, some of us don’t have much pocket money, so they feel unhappy. Isn’t it strange? So long as we have some, that’s enough. And we can learn 10 to spend money 【文章综述】本文讲述高中生成长中有很多的烦恼，我们应该用正确的方式来处理。【答案解析】 1.First与第三行的Second形成呼应，都表示列举 2.about 考察固定搭配be upset about…对…感到难过，失望；很多人对于自己的体型和外貌感到难过。 3.that本句是一个强调句型It is…that/who…；本句强调的是主语one’s inner beauty，句意：重要的是我们的内在美。 4.by本句话考查被动语态。Be misunderstood by 被。。误解。 5.Faced 本句中的faced是动词face的过去分词转换的形容词，构成be faced with…面对着…；在句中使用形容词来说明后面主句转换主语的情况。 6.misunderstanding考查名词。句意：我们找合适的时间来与父母面对面交谈，来消除误解。 7.which 本句是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代前面一句话的内容在句中做主语。 8.ourselves 本句中使用反身代词ourselves表示强调。我们经常鼓励自己高效工作。 9.determination 本句中介词of后面要接名词作宾语，故使用determine的名词determination。 10. how 本句考察的“特殊疑问词+不定式”在句中做宾语的用法，在本句中how to spend money作为动词learn的宾语。

上海牛津英语7B作文十篇范文

上海牛津英语 1、 Travelling in Shanghai Shanghai is in the east of China. It is an international city. It is famous for its night views, local snacks. It is also known as a “Shopping Paradise” because there are a lot of department stores and shopping centres.If you go to Shanghai, you will see P eople’s Square. It is in the centre of Shanghai. If you go to Pudong, you can see the Oriental Pearl TV Tower and Shanghai Science and Technology Museum. The Maglev takes you to the international airport in about eight minutes. At Sheshan you will find a famous church and an observatory. In Yu Garden, you can eat different kinds of local snacks.There are many interesting places in Shanghai. Therefore, it is not surprising that tourists come to visit Shanghai every year! 2、 Welcome to Sheshan Suggested questions: 1. Where is Sheshan in Shanghai? 2. Which places can you visit in Sheshan? 3. How can you go there and what do you think of Sheshan? Sheshan is in the southwest of Shanghai. It’s about 30 kilometres away from the centre of the city.There are many interesting places in Sheshan. You can visit the Forest Parkand there is a famous church at the top of the mountain.If you go there, you can also find an observatory.It’s a beautiful resort. You can go there by bus. I think you will enjoy yourself there. 3、 I have been to Shanghai Shanghai is in the east of China.It is one of the largest cities in the world. It is not only famous for its night views, but also known as a shopping paradise. Every year a number of tourists come to visit Shanghai. I went to Shanghai with my parents last Sunday. We bought many things in Nanjing Road Walk Way.There you can find a lot of department stores and shopping centres. In Yu Garden, we ate different local snacks. They are very tasty. In the afternoon we visited Pudong New District and the international airport. If you go to Pudong, you can see the Oriental Pearl TV Tower and Shanghai Science and Technology Museum. There’re many interesting places in Shanghai. I’m proud of the great city -- Shanghai. 4、 Write at least sixty words according to the given situation: Questions: 1.Why did you buy a present for your mother? 2. What did you buy for her? 3. What is it used for? 4. Where did you buy it? 5. How did you get there? 6. Did your mother like it? Why?

牛津上海版英语四年级上语法(全)

英语笔记（四、五年级）目录 1.音标……………………………………………………………………(P1-6) 2.反义词…………………………………………………………………(P7) 3.人称代词………………………………………………………………(P8) 4.动名词…………………………………………………………………(P9) 5.可数名词的复数变化形式……………………………………………(P10) 6.星期和月份的词汇……………………………………………………(P11) 7.基数词和序数词的用法………………………………………………(P12) 8.to be 句型……………………………………………………………(P13) 9.含有have/has的句型…………………………………………………(P14) 10.can句型…………………………………………………………………(P15) 11.there be 句型……………………………………………………………(P16) 12.祈使句……………………………………………………………………(P17) 13.to do 句型………………………………………………………………(P18) 14.改写句子1-----否定句……………………………………………………(P19) 15.改写句子2-----一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答…………………………(P20) 16.改写句子3----特殊疑问句………………………………………………(P21) 17.…………………………………………(P ) 18.…………………………………………(P ) 19.…………………………………………(P ) 20.…………………………………………(P ) 21.…………………………………………(P ) 22.…………………………………………(P ) 23.…………………………………………(P ) 24.…………………………………………(P )

上海版牛津英语7B资料

七年级英语下册知识点总结 Module 1 Garden City and its neighbors Unit 1 Writing a travel guide Unit 2 Going to see a film Unit 3 A visit to Garden City Unit 4 Let’s go shopping 1. How are you getting on with your travel guide? get on with “进展”; “与……相处 (融洽)” I’m getting on well with the preparation. How are you getting on with your new classmates? 2. be famous for… (以 /由于……出名) be (well) known as…(以 / 作为….被人知晓) Shanghai is famous for its night views. Shanghai is also known as a “Shopping Paradise” because there are a lot of department stores and huge shopping centres.上海被誉为“购物天堂”，因为上海有很多百货商店和大型购物中心。 Qingpu is famous for its fish and rice. 3. It is + adj. + that (主语从句), 表示“……太……了” It is wonderful that we can have dinner on the 91st floor in Shanghai World Financial Centre. It is not surprising that many tourists come to visit Shanghai every year to shop. It is + adj. + to do sth. It is convenient to travel between Pudong and Puxi. =To travel between Pudong and Puxi is convenient. It is terrible to have dinner in this restaurant. The food tastes awful. =To have dinner in this restaurant is terrible. 4. If you go there, you will see a huge open area with green grass, trees, fountains and pigeons. 主句用一般将来（或can, may, must），从句用一般现在时。 Firemen will have no water to put out fires if there is no rain. We’ll go on an outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. If you go there, you can find a famous church. 5. The Maglev takes you to the international airport in about eight minutes. 磁悬浮列车可以在八分钟之内将你带到国际机场。 take sb. to … “带某人去某地” in + 时间段, 表示 1.“在......之内”；2. “在……之后” My father used to take me to the park nearly every weekend. It takes you about eight minutes to travel to the international airport by Maglev.

上海牛津一年级下英语词汇句型语法整理(最新整理)

上海牛津一年级(下)期末复习 Vocabulary frog rabbit bee bird seven eight nine ten sheep hen dog cat listen hear farmer Bingo name rice soup egg noodles taste smell yummy stand up ball doll bicycle kite favourite thing toy like super jelly ice cream sweet biscuit food sorry very much cold cola juice milk water drink birthday party happy sing song warm hot spring summer autumn cool winter cold sunny cloudy rainy windy weather day beach rain go away come again another we want play T-shirt dress shorts blouse

need new mum ride skip play fly activity football rope kite bicycle gift card firecracker firework New Year’s Day write fold boy wolf farmer story time narrator where come poor tell lie run away 拓展单词 pink red black blue white woof croak baa buzz miaow tweet chicken soup a cup of cola a glass of milk some milk a bottle of water Sentence What do you see? 回答形式为I see… What colour is it? 提问什么东西是什么颜色。 What do you hear? 回答形式为I hear… Taste the noodles, Tom. Smell the soup, Alice.

2017上海高考英语一模语法填空汇总

2017年高三英语一模汇编——语法新题型 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A My life on an Island we live on the island of Hale. it's about four kilometers long and two kilometers wide at its broadest point, and it is joined to the mainland by a causeway (21) _______(call) Stand---a narrow road built across the mouth of the river (22) ________ separates us from the rest of the country. Most of the time you wouldn’t know we are on an island because the river mouth between us and the mainland is just a vast stretch of tall grasses and brown mud. But when there is high tide and the water rises a half meter or so above the road and nothing can pass (23) _________the tide goes out again a few hours later, then you know it’s an island. We were on our way back (24) _________ the mainland. My older brother, Dominic, had just finished his first in university in a town 150km away. Dominic’s train was due in at five and he’d asked for a lift back from the station. Now,

牛津英语上海版7B教案

教案7B 朱骏颖

Teaching objectives 1.To review direction words and phrases (in dialogues) 2.To learn new words and a phrase: creek, oriental, pearl, botanical, technology, guide, pigeon, reason, sightseeing, take part in (by reading pictures, E-E explanation and multiple choices) 3. to introduce interesting places in Shanghai (in dialogues) Pre-task 1. Make suggestions on traveling in Shanghai While-task 1. Read pictures to learn new words the Suzhou Creek; the Bund, Shanghai Grand Theatre; Shanghai Botanical Gardens; Oriental Pearl TV Tower; Century Park; Shanghai Science and Technology Museum; 2. listen and say 1). listen and answer Kitty and her classmates have just been to Shanghai. They have decided to take part in a competition to see who knows Shanghai best. take part in : *Which places do students suggest to travel in Shanghai? 3. Read sentence by sentence after the audio 4. Read together with the audio 5. Fill in blanks to tell the reasons in WRITE on page 2 6. Review direction expressions 1) review directions 2) ask and answer in pairs to review direction 3) learn new words : sightseeing 7. Make dialogues on page 3 in pairs with the map above Homework: Oral : to give your suggestion on traveling in Shanghai to your friend Written: workbook page 1 ;to copy phrases 1.take part in a competition参加一个竞赛 2.design a travel guide设计一个旅行指南 3.Make some suggestions给出一些建议 4.eat different local snacks 吃不同种类的地方美食 5.In large department stores在大型百货公司 6.Shanghai Grand Theatre上海大剧院 7.Oriental Pearl TV Tower 东方明珠电视塔 8.Shanghai Science and Technology Museum上海科技馆 9.Shanghai Wild Animal Park上海野生动物园 10.Suzhou Creek苏州河 11. Where can tourists go for sightseeing in Shanghai?在上海，游客可以去哪

上海三年级(上)英语牛津语法复习和答案

上海三年级（上）英语牛津语法复习一、反义词复习和答案 1.up---down https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ea5661926.html,e---go 3.morning---night 4.old---young 5.tall----short 上下来去白天黑夜年老年轻高矮 6.fat---thin 7.open---close 8.black---white 9.long---short 10.new---old 胖瘦开关黑白长短新旧 11.big---small 12.Yes---no 13.hot---cold 14.warm----cool 15.stand---sit 大小是不是热冷暖和凉爽站坐 16.go---stop 17.soft ---- hard 18.smooth ---- rough 走停软硬光滑粗糙二、单词复习和答案 1.Mrs 先生 2.Miss小姐 3.stand up 起立 4.sit down 坐下 5.open the door 开门 6.close the door 关门 7.open the window 开窗8.close the window 关窗三、肯定回答、否定回答复习和答案 1. Are you a pupil? 2. Are you doctors? 3. Is she in the classroom? 4. Is your father a policeman? 5. Are they in Class One? 6.Can you dance? 7. Are Tom and you playing games ? 8. Have you got a toy car? 1.Yes,I am. No,I am not. 2.Yes,I am. No,I am not.

上海卷英语高考语法大全

English Non-infinitives Class:todo/doing and done/doing 特征：不担任谓语动词/不随主语的人称和数的变化而变化/具有动词的一般特征，可以带有宾语或状语构成短语 Noun Sub To say is one thing and to do is another. obj He offered to help us. adj pre His great wish is to become a docter and save others?lives. Obj. Many people suppose him to be dead. 定语I have a lot of work to do. 副词状语To see better,he stood up. He reached the station only to find the train had left. 时态和语态形式主动语态被动语态一般式To do To be done 进行式To be doing / 完成式To have done To have been done 完成进行式To have been doing / To be doing:seem/appear/pretend to be doing But:demond/hope/suggest*sb not to do sth(#) For example: What I like to do now is (to) have a good sleep.(*) Object A:v+to do:long want expect hope wish desire refuse agree pretend promise aim choose decide claim demand learn manage try afford happen fail seem appear intend decline reject V+wh-cl+to do:know decide learn remember see understand explain ask find out wonder think 动词+间接宾语+疑问词+to do:show teach advise tell inform(consider(only)sb/sth to do/as/how to do /that-cl find/think/consider/make/feel/suppose +it+adj/n+to do+n *prep.but except +to do 若上文含有do或出现can can?t could couldn?t,don?t add “do”envy ,order ,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate.etc+ that-cl 定语 I have something to say. I?ve bought a motorcycle to go to work on. There?s nothing for us to worry about. *place time way +to do （可以省略） that?s a nice place to live (in). I?m afraid there is no time to play now. He is the right person to do the job. Next,only,not a :mary is always the last to arrive at the office. 省略to:had better/had best/would rather/would rather…than/would sooner/would

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--语法填空

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--语法填空学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、用单词的适当形式完成短文 Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported. It is the first public pronouncement about the star 1．she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June. According to state-run news agency Xinhua, Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after she misreported how much money she2．(receive) for certain film projects, using so-called "yin-yang contracts" to conceal3．the authorities her true remuneration (薪酬) and avoid millions of dollars in taxes. Fan and companies related to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fine of $86 million. Because she was 4．first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported. Fan's disappearance from public view sparked widespread speculation 5．she had been detained by the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but 6．didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts. In a letter 7．(post) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and government. "As a public figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry and society," she said. "I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing my companies, 8．led to the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests." "Without the favorable policies of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there 9．have been no Fan Bingbing," she added. Her case was clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of Taxation saying it had launched a campaign 10．(recover) all back taxes in the entertainment industry. Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SAT, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, 11．not rank very high. In fact, according to a new