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广州新版8年级英语上

广州新版8年级英语上
广州新版8年级英语上

一,课程导入

阅读新概念二的文章:了解故事的起因,发展与结尾。

Lesson44 Through the forest

Mrs Anne Sterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through a forest after two men. They had rushed up to her while she was having a picnic at the edge of a forest with her children and tried to steal her handbag. In the struggle, the strap broke and, with the bag in their possession, both men started running through the trees. Mrs Sterling got so angry that she ran after them. She was soon out of breath, but she continued to run. When she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag, so she ran straight at them. The men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away. 'The strap needs? mending,' said Mrs Sterling later, 'but they did not steal anything.'

Key words and expressions

risk n. 危险,冒险picnic n. 野餐edge n. 边缘strap n. 带,皮带possession n. 所有be out of breath 上气不接下气catch up with sb 赶上某人contents n. (常用复数)内有的物品mend v. 修理。

Questions on the text

1 What did the two men try to do when Mrs. Sterling was having a picnic with her children at the edge of a forest?

The two men had rushed up to her and tried to steal her handbag.

2.What were the two thieves doing when Mrs. Sterling caught up with them?

They were going through the contents of the bag

3What did the thieves do when Mrs. Sterling ran straight at them?

They dropped the bag and ran away.

Key structures and usage 动名词和不定式

With the bag in their possession, both men started running through the trees.

started+动名词running,在动词start 、begin、continue 这些动词后面+不定式或者动名词,在意思上没有多大的差别。例:She was soon out of breath, but she continued to run(running).但是在很多情况下还是有区别的。

例:Don’t forget to post the letter.别忘了寄这封信。(不定式表示即将要做的某一件事)

I always forget checking my spelling.我总是忘记检查我的拼写。(动名词表示这件事情本身)

I hate to disturb you, but can I come in for a moment please?我不想打扰你,但是我可以进来一会儿吗?

I hate disturbing people when they are busy.我不喜欢在别人忙的时候打扰别人。

I love swimming. I enjoy reading

在表示喜欢做某事的动词(love, enjoy, like等)后面一般用动名词,如果后面跟动词不定式,则一般出现在what like to do sth 和what love to do sth的结构中,表示想做….

动名词与不定式练习:

1. Have you read the book? It's worth_____.

A. read

B. to read

C. reading

D. to reading

2. You had better ____ home at once. Don't keep your mother_____.

A. to, wait

B. going, waiting

C. to go, to wait

D. go, waiting

3. ____ in the sun is bad for your eyes.

A. Read

B. Reads

C. Reading

D. To reading

4. When the little baby saw her mother ___ , she couldn't help _____.

A. coming, laughing

B. come, to laugh

C. comes, laughs

D. came, laughing

5. I'd like ______ a word with. you.

A. had

B. having

C. to have

D. have

6. Can you finish __ an elephant in two minutes?

A. draw

B. to draw

C. drew

D. drawing

7. The doctor was busy ___ on the boy at that time.

A. operate

B. operating

C. to operated

D. operated

8. It was very late at night, but Mr. Brown still went on ____.

A. works

B. worked

C. working

D. work

54. On Sundays I prefer ____ at home to ____ out.

A. to stay, go

B. staying, go

C. staying, going

D. to stay, going

C. to give

D. that he will give

9. All the students learned ____ up words in a dictionary.

A. look how

B. how to look

C. how look

D. to how look

10. Nobody knew ____ a living in that country.

A. go to

B. to make

C. how to go

D. how to make

11. Remember ____ the book in time when you have

finished ____ it.

A. to return, reading

B. returning; reading

C. returning, to read. D to return, to read

12. Do you often see her __ for him at the bus stop?

A. wait

B. to wait

C. waiting

D. being waited

13.I found ____ hard to make a speech in English.

A. it’s

B. that

C. it

D. this

14.He showed the children _____ .

A. how to do

B. what to do it

C. how to do it

15._______ is not a habit to waste money.

A. That

B. It

C. This

D. He

16.________ a lie is wrong.

A. Tell

B. To tell

C. Tells

17.______ will not take him anything to be polite.

A. That

B. It

C. This

D. They

二,同步讲解

2,词语解析

(1)a bit and a bit of

1.a bit与a little都可作程度副词,表示"稍微、一点儿"的意思,修饰动词、形容词、比较级等,二者可以互换。

例如:Will you please turn down the radio a bit/a little?(动词)请你把收音机声音关小一点好吗?

She's a bit/a little afraid of the teacher.(形容词)她有点怕老师。

Her mother feels a bit/a little better today.(比较级)她母亲今天感觉好一些。

for a bit和for a little意思相同,相当于for a while或for a short time,可互换。例如:Let's rest for a bit/a little.让我们休息一下。

II.不同之处

1.a little可以直接修饰不可数名词,而a bit修饰不可数名词时,只能用a bit of。例如:Tom has a little money./Tom has a bit of money.汤姆有一点钱。

2.a bit和a little与not连用时,意思大相径庭。not a bit=not at all,意为"一点也不";not a little=very much,意为"十分"、"相当"、"极其"。

练习:用a bit或a little/ a bit of填空。

1.There is _________ time left.

2.I whould like you to stay for _________ if you have time.

3.This will give us a _________ of time.

4.He went to sleep soon,for he was not _________ tired.

5.I don't want to stop to have a rest,because I am not _________ tired.

6,I’ve got only money with me today. I’m afraid I can’t help you.

7,There is food left for lunch.

总结:

a bit +可数n adj.少量,一点

a bit of +可数n adj.一点,少量,一些

a little +不可数n adj.一点,少许,略微

a little of +不可数n adj.少些, 一点,少量

(2)现在完成时结构

现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成,主要有两个含义:

①表示动作发生在过去,但与现在的情况有联系,有时无时间状语,有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如:many time,just,yet,ever,never,already,befor,so far,by now等连用。

②表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作,用于延续性动词,且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语,如:since + 时间点/从句,for two months, so far等。

现在完成时的时间状语

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,

3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

举例:

I saw this film yesterday.

(强调看的动作发生过了。)

I have seen this film.

(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)

Why did you get up so early?

(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)

Who hasn't handed in his paper?

(强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)

用于现在完成时的句型

1)It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。

It is the first time that I have visited the city.

It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2)This is the…that…结构,that从句要用现在完成时.

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。

典型例题

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

was B. have been C. came D. am coming

注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

(错)I have received his letter for a month.

(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

比较since和for

Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。

I have lived here for more than twenty years.

I have lived here since I was born..

My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.

Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.

I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.

My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.

I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years.

(我现在已不在这里工作。)

I have worked here for many years.

(现在我仍在这里工作。)

用for或since填空

1.Jill has been in Ireland_______ Monday.

2.Jill has been in Ireland_______ three days.

3.My aunt has lived in Australia_______ 15 days.

4.Margaret in her office.She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.

5.India has been an indendent country_____ 1974.

6.The bus is late.We've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.

7.Nobody lives in those houses.They have been empty______ many yeasrs.

8.Mike has been ill_______ a long time.He has been in hospita-______October.

9. I’ve known him __________ we were children.

10. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

小窍门:当现在完成时+一段时间,这一结构中,我们用下面的公式转化,很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。

(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.

= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.

(错) Harry has got married for six years.

= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.

显然,第二句不对,它应改为Harry got married six years ago.或Harry has been married for six years.

since的四种用法

1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。

I have been here since 1989.

2) since +一段时间+ ago

I have been here since five months ago.

3) since +从句

Great changes have taken place since you left.

Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.

4) It is +一段时间+ since从句

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.

现在完成时需注意的问题:

1 短暂性动词不能与一段时间连用

appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等例如:He has joined the army for five years. (错)

He has been in the army for five years. (对)

注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

(错)I have received his letter for a month.

(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

常考单词转换方法:

come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be open

die------be dead close----be closed become---be begin/start-----be on asleep----be asleep end/finish-----be over join the army----be in the army/ be a soldier

join the Party----be in the Party /be a Party member leave-----be away (from) borrow---keep put on----wear buy-----have catch a cold-----have a cold

一、单项选择。

1、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?

—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished

C. Have ; done ; have finished

D. will ; do ; finish

2、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in

3、—Do you know him well ?

—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 4、—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months .

A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived

5、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

A. has begun . B had begun

C. has been on D. began

6、It _____ ten years since he left the army .

A. is B. has C. will D. was

7、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been

8、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?

A. How soon, comes

B. How often, got

C. How long, came

D. How far, arrived

9、His uncle for more than 9 years.

A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the university

二、句型转换。

2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)

have they been here?

3、The old man _________ last year. He for a year. (die)

(动词填空)

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)

This factory ________ for twenty years.

5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)

Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.

6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .(同义句)

Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .

7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)

_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.

8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个

句子)

___________________________________________

用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。

1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.

2) David ________ the park just now.

3) John _______ England since he came back.

4) How long _____ they _____ this village?

5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.

6) _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.

7) I _____ this school since three years ago.

8) Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.

9) When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.

10) Would you like to _____ to the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.

11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ to the zoo.

12) He often _____ swimming.

13) _____ you ______ there last year?

14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter?

用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空

1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.

2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.

3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.

4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”

5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”

.

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