Shape optimization of cut-off in a multi-blade fan scroll system using neural network

Shape optimization of cut-o?in a multi-blade fan/scroll

system using neural network

S.-Y.Han *,J.-S.Maeng

School of Mechanical Engineering,Hanyang University,17Haengdang-Dong,Sungdong-Gu,Seoul 133-791,South Korea

Received 1April 2002;received in revised form 6January 2003

Abstract

In order to improve e?ciency of a system with three-dimensional ?ow characteristics,this paper presents a new method that overcomes the computational di?culties associated with three-dimensional e?ects by using two-dimen-sional CFD and a neural network.The method was applied to the shape optimization of cut-o?in a multi-blade fan/scroll system.As for the entrance conditions of two-dimensional CFD analysis,the experimental values at the positions apart from the inactive zone were used.The distributions of velocity and pressure obtained by two-dimensional CFD analysis were compared with those of three-dimensional CFD analysis and experimental results.It was found that the distributions of velocity and pressure have qualitative similarity.The results of two-dimensional CFD analysis were used for learning as target values of a neural network.The optimal angle and radius of cut-o?were determined as 71°and 0.092times the outer diameter of impeller,respectively.It was concretized in a previous report that the optimal angle and radius of cut-o?are approximately 72°and 0.08times the outer diameter of impeller,respectively.ó2003Elsevier Science Ltd.All rights reserved.

Keywords:Multi-blade fan/scroll system;Cut-o?;Inactive zone;Neural network;Optimization

1.Introduction

A multi-blade fan/scroll system is the core part of an air conditioning system.The ?ow ?eld of the multi-blade fan/scroll system becomes very complicated because of the characteristic geometrical shape.As ?uid enters into the axial direction of a rotor and goes on to scroll through the radial direction of an impeller,an inactive zone is generated at the entrance of the impeller and its size is not uniform in both the axial and circumferential directions [1,2].

The inactive zone indicates the region where smooth ?owing is not formed at the entrance of the impeller because of the rotation of ?uid.It causes a decrease of

?ow e?ciency and sometimes generates a noise of ?uid ?ow as well as that of vibration.

Most studies on the improvement of e?ciency par-ticularly focused on a cut-o?among various design variables such as the twisting angle,shape and number of a blade,the shape of fan and scroll,or the clearance between fan and cut-o?.Raj [3]reported that the best e?ciency could be obtained at around the angle of 72°,and Morinushi [4]insisted that the radius of cut-o?would be near 0.08times the outer diameter of an im-peller for the best e?ciency.Humbad [5]veri?ed that the separation occurring on cut-o?is a major cause of noise.And Maeng [6]studied the characteristics of the inactive zone and considered the change of volume ?ow rate due to various curvature radii of the cut-o?experimentally.The purpose of this study was to increase the ?ow e?ciency of a multi-blade fan/scroll system,so it was intended to obtain an optimal angle and curvature radius of the cut-o?systematically.Instead of three-dimen-sional CFD analyses,two-dimensional calculations were

*

Corresponding author.

E-mail addresses:syhan@email.hanyang.ac.kr (S.-Y.Han),jsmaeng@hanyang.ac.kr (J.-S.Maeng).

0017-9310/03/$-see front matter ó2003Elsevier Science Ltd.All rights reserved.

doi:10.1016/S0017-9310(03)00066-8

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 46(2003)

2833–2839

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/eb12638218.html,/locate/ijhmt

performed.In order to get input data for the two-di-mensional CFD calculations,experiments were carried out for the various angles and curvatures of cut-o?.The validity of the two-dimensional CFD analysis was ex-amined by comparing separation phenomenon qualita-tively with the three-dimensional calculations.In order to examine the validity that the result of the two-dimensional CFD analysis is in good agreement with the three-dimensional phenomenon,the result was com-pared with the previous studies[7,8].Then the neural network was applied for optimal angle and curvature radius of cut-o?,where the separation phenomenon be-comes the minimum.As target values for learning a neural network,the numerical results of two-dimensional CFD analyses were used.Then the optimal angle and radius of cut-o?were quantitatively determined from the learned neural network.Therefore,it was concretized the previous reports[3,4]that the optimal angle and radius of cut-o?are approximately72°and0.08times the outer diameter of the impeller,respectively.

2.Flow analysis

2.1.Geometrical shape

The geometrical shape used in this study is shown in Fig.1.The external curve of the scroll is an exponential function of r?179e0:114h.The fan speci?cation of the angles and curvatures of cut-o?for?ve cases and seven cases,respectively,are tabulated in Table1.

2.2.Numerical analysis

The governing equations of two-dimensional incom-pressible steady?ow are as follows:?Continuity equation

o V i

o x i

?0e1T

Table1

Fan speci?cation

Designation Size

D2(mm)326

D1(mm)271

C1(mm)55

b(mm)65

Z(no.of blades)50

n(rpm)700

r cut-off0.06D2–0.12D2

h cut-off62°,67°,72°,77°,82°

t0.12b

2834S.-Y.Han,J.-S.Maeng/International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer46(2003)2833–2839

?Reynolds averaged momentum equation D V i D t ?1q o p o x i tm o 2V i o x j o x j o

j

u i u j

e2T

?Standard k –e model

D k D t ?

o o x j C k k 2e tm

o k o x i

u i u j o V i

j e3T

D e D t ?o o x j C e k 2e tm o e o x j

àC e e u i u j o V i

j

àC e 2

e 2

k

e4T

Multi-block approach was applied to computational mesh for ?ow analysis because of the complicated shape.The ?ow ?eld was divided into 53regions,and a 30,000–33,000structured grid was generated for each model,as shown in Fig.2.The governing equations were solved by the ?nite volume method with SIMPLEC algorithm.The second order upwind scheme was applied to the convection term,the ?rst order upwind scheme was applied to the turbulence equation,and standard k –e model was applied to the turbulence model.2.3.Boundary conditions

Boundary conditions at the entrance of the impeller for two-dimensional CFD analysis were obtained from the results of experiments for the speci?ed models tabu-lated in Table 1.Fig.3shows the distribution and size of the inactive zone in the circumferential direction,which were measured by 5-hole pitot tubes and by photo ana-lyses of the ?ow visualization method using smoke,as shown in Fig.4.I z is a dimensionless value of the inactive zone normalized by the width b of the impeller [6].

It was found that the maximum inactive zones are formulated at the angles of the cut-o?between 150°and 180°from Fig. 3.Also,the inactive zones in?uence around the 50%location of the impeller ?s width from the entrance of the fan.Therefore,as input data for two-dimensional CFD analysis,the experimental values distributed in the circumferential direction at the 60%location of the impeller ?s width from the entrance of the fan,where ?ow ?eld is not in?uenced by the inactive zones were used.A constant pressure condition was used for the exit and a rotating wall boundary condition was used for multi-blade rows.

In Fig.3,the notation of model 82090indicates that the angle [°]of cut-o?is 82°is,whereas its radius is 0.09times the outer diameter of the impeller.2.4.Result of numerical analysis

In order to examine whether the result of the two-dimensional CFD analysis can be applied to

a three-dimensional multi-blade

fan/scroll system

qualitatively,

Fig.4.Flow visualization using smoke.

S.-Y.Han,J.-S.Maeng /International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 46(2003)2833–28392835

pressure coe?cients of experimental measurement val-ues and two-dimensional CFD analyses were qualita-tively compared for various sections in the shaft direction.Also,pressure distributions of the three-dimensional and two-dimensional CFD analyses were qualitatively compared.

Fig.5shows the comparison of the pressure coe?-cient distribution of each model in the circumferential direction at the 1.13D2in the radial direction from the fan center.In the ?gure,the pressure coe?cients of the two-dimensional CFD analyses were compared with those of Raj [3]and experiments conducted in this study.The pressure distributions were measured for ?ve sec-tions (0.15,0.32,0.5,0.68,0.85L from the entrance of a fan)in the shaft direction by 5-hole pitot tube.It was found that the pressure coe?cient distributions are qualitatively very similar to one another.

Fig.6shows the velocity vectors and pressure ?eld of model 72090obtained by the three-dimensional CFD https://www.wendangku.net/doc/eb12638218.html,paring them with those of the two-dimensional CFD analysis for the same model as shown in Fig.7,the minimum pressures are found around the exit of the impeller and cut-o?between the angles of the cut-o?,0°and 60°.Also,both the velocity vectors in the radial and the circumferential direction show a very similar pro?le although the quantitative magnitudes of the velocities are di?erent.This can be veri?ed from the experimental results of Refs.[7]and [8].Volume ?ow rates were calculated by the average velocity times the area at the exit,and tabulated in Table 2.Fig.8shows the comparison of volume ?ow rates for nine models between experimental measurement and the two-dimensional CFD analysis.It was found that the chan-ges of the volume ?ow rates coincide with each model qualitatively.

Therefore,it was con?rmed that there is kinematic similarity between the results of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional CFD analyses,and so,the result of the two-dimensional CFD analysis can be applied to the three-dimensional multi-blade fan/scroll system qualitatively.

3.Optimal angle and radius of cut-o?3.1.Constitution of neural network

The volume ?ow rates obtained by the two-dimen-sional CFD analysis were used as target values for learning a neural network [9].The angle and radius of the cut-o?were established as design variables,and the ranges of the angle and radius were 67–77°and 0.06D 2–0.12D 2,respectively.A neural network was constituted based on MATLAB.The neural network was consti-tuted of one input layer,one output layer and two hidden layers,as shown Fig.9.The numbers of

neuron

Fig.6.Velocity vector and pressure contour

(3D-CFD).

Fig.7.Velocity vector and pressure contour (2D-CFD).

2836S.-Y.Han,J.-S.Maeng /International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 46(2003)2833–2839

for two hidden layers were 60and 30,respectively.Error backpropagation rule was applied as a learning method.Hyperbolic tangent sigmoid transfer function was used as a connection function between the input layer and the ?rst hidden layer,and between the ?rst hidden layer and the second hidden layer.Hard limit transfer function was used between the second hidden layer and the out-put layer.The error was allowed to 10–6in order to obtain a more accurate solution.

3.2.The result of learning neural network

By learning the above neural network with the target values,the values of learning results shown in Table 3were obtained,which almost coincide with the values of CFD listed in Table 2.The relation between the values of the learning result and those of CFD was obtained by Eq.(5).In Eq.(5),A indicates the output values of learning the neural network whereas T means the target values obtained from CFD analysis.The relation be-tween the values is plotted in Fig.10.It was found

from

Table 2

Volume ?ow rate analysis using CFD (m 3/min)r cut-off h cut-off 62°67°72°77°82°0.06D 228.18428.43328.93628.76828.7140.07D 228.40128.73729.40629.07028.8020.08D 228.44829.03129.83329.33428.8630.09D 228.47529.33330.04029.62728.9770.10D 228.42629.07430.01129.33328.8360.11D 228.28528.95829.76429.04528.3730.12D 2

28.129

28.581

29.519

28.759

28.055

Table 3

Volume ?ow rate analysis using neural network (m 3/min)r cut-off h cut-off 67°72°77°0.06D 228.43328.93728.7680.07D 228.73529.40629.0700.08D 229.03229.83329.3350.09D 229.33330.04029.6270.10D 229.07130.01329.3330.11D 228.95929.76429.0450.12D 2

28.581

29.520

28.759

S.-Y.Han,J.-S.Maeng /International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 46(2003)2833–2839

2837

Fig.10that the correlation between the values is very high.

A ?T à0:0206

e5T

4.Results of neural network

The learning results of the neural network for the angles and radii of cut-o?in three-dimensional space are shown in Fig.11.From the ?gure,it is found that the high volume ?ow rates are shown in the ranges of angles 70–74°,and in the ranges of the radius 0.88D 2–0.102D 2,respectively.The optimal values of the angle and the radius of cut-o?were obtained by 71°and 0.092D 2,re-spectively.For the optimal angle and radius of cut-o?,

the maximum volume ?ow rate was obtained as 30.055m 3/min.

Streamline distributions of the ?ow ?eld due to var-ious angles and radii of cut-o?are shown in Figs.12–14.In Fig.12,it was shown that a large separation occurred around the exit for the angle of cut-o?,62°.It was found that separation size was reduced a little bit as shown in Fig.13for the larger angle of cut-o?,67°,as compared with Fig.12.And it was veri?ed that separation almost diminished for the optimal angle of cut-o?,71°,as shown in Fig.14.It can also be found from Fig.3that the less the size of separation is,the less the size of in-active zone is,too.

If the angle of cut-o?is larger than the optimal angle,separation does not occur around the exit.However,since the inactive zone increased as shown in Fig.3,?ow e?ciency becomes so low that the volume ?ow rate is reduced [6].

Therefore,the optimal angle and radius of cut-o?agrees well with the measurement results of volume ?ow rate change due to the size of the inactive zone as

shown

Fig.11.Volume ?ow rate analysis (m 3

/min).Fig.13.Streamline distribution (model

67090).

in Fig.8.The clearance between fan and cut-o?,which highly in?uences?ow e?ciency,is easily determined as the optimal angle and radius of cut-o?are determined, since it is a function of the angle and radius of cut-o?.

5.Conclusions

In order to minimize the inactive zone of unstable ?ow occurring at a multi-blade fan/scroll system,the two-dimensional turbulent?uid?eld analyses and neu-ral network technique were applied.From the results of computational?uid analyses and neural network tech-nique,the following conclusions were obtained:

(1)The optimal angle and radius of cut-o?were deter-

mined as71°and0.092times the outer diameter of the impeller,respectively.

(2)From the result of two-dimensional turbulence?ow

?eld analysis for the optimal angle and radius of cut-o?,it was veri?ed that the maximum?ow rate can

be obtained by diminishing the separation zone around the cut-o?.

(3)By combining the two-dimensional?ow analysis and

optimization technique for a complicated turbulence ?ow?eld such as a multi-blade fan/scroll system,the optimal angle,radius and clearance of cut-o?can be determined.

References

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the squirrel cage type,Trans.JSME52(484)(1990)3987–3991.

[2]J.S.Maeng,J.Y.Yoon,T.B.Ahn,J.E.Yoon,D.J.Han,An

experimental study for?ow characteristics inside the rotor of a multi-blade fan/scroll system,Trans.KSME Ser.B23

(5)(1999)646–652.

[3]D.Raj,W.B.Swim,Measurements of the mean?ow

velocity and velocity?uctuations at the exit of a FC centrifugal fan rotor,J.Eng.Power103(1981)393–399. [4]K.Morinushi,The in?uence of parameters on F.C.centrif-

ugal fan noise,Trans.ASME,J.Vibration,Acoustics, Stress,Feliability Des.109(1987)227–234.

[5]N.G.Humbad et al.,Case study on reducing automotive

blower rumble noise,in:Proceeding of the ASME Noise and control division,Nca-vol.22,1996,pp.233–242.

[6]J.S.Maeng,D.H.Yoo,K.H.Lee,I.K.Park,Some relations

between the geometric parameters and internal?ow?eld characteristics in multiblade fan/scroll system,Trans.

KSME Ser.B24(9)(2000)1139–1147.

[7]G.R.Denger,M.W.Mcbride,https://www.wendangku.net/doc/eb12638218.html,uchle,An Experi-

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Evolution,Young and Il,pp.

107–144.

The way常见用法

The way 的用法 Ⅰ常见用法： 1)the way+ that 2)the way + in which（最为正式的用法） 3)the way + 省略（最为自然的用法） 举例：I like the way in which he talks. I like the way that he talks. I like the way he talks. Ⅱ习惯用法： 在当代美国英语中，the way用作为副词的对格，“the way+ 从句”实际上相当于一个状语从句来修饰整个句子。 1)The way =as I am talking to you just the way I’d talk to my own child. He did not do it the way his friends did. Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are—all we have to do is to clean and peel them. 2）The way= according to the way/ judging from the way The way you answer the question, you are an excellent student. The way most people look at you, you’d think trash man is a monster. 3）The way =how/ how much No one can imagine the way he missed her. 4）The way =because

歌舞剧 猫 中英对照歌词

Are you blind when you're born? Can you see in the dark? 你出生时是目盲的吗？你能在黑暗处看到事物吗？ Dare you look at a king? Would you sit on his throne? 你敢目室国王吗？你想坐在王位上吗？ Can you say of your bite that it's worse than your bark? 你能说你的咬力不如你的叫声吗？ Are you cock of the walk when you're walking alone? 当你独自行走时你很自信自傲吗？ Because jellicles are and jellicles do 因为杰利克是杰利克能 Jellicles do and jellicles would 杰利克能杰利克会 Jellicles would and jellicles can 杰利克会杰利克能 Jellicles can and jellicles do 杰利克能杰利克做 When you fall on your head, do you land on your feet? 当你头朝下落下时，你能用脚着地吗？ Are you tense when you sense there's a storm in the air? 当你感到风暴来临时，你会很紧张吗？ Can you find your way blind when you're lost in the street? 当你迷路时，你能本能的找到正确的方向吗？ Do you know how to go to the heaviside layer? 你知道如何升向九重天吗？ Because jellicles can and jellicles do 因为杰利克能杰利克做 Jellicles do and jellicles can 杰利克做杰利克能 Jellicles can and jellicles do 杰利克能杰利克做 Jellicles do and jellicles can 杰利克做杰利克能 Jellicles can and jellicles do 杰利克能杰利克做 Can you ride on a broomstick to places far distant? 你能骑着扫把去很远的地方吗？ Familiar with candle, with book, and with bell? 你喜爱玩耍蜡烛，书籍或是铃铛吗？ Were you Whittington's friend? The Pied Piper's assistant? 你是惠廷顿的朋友？或是吹笛手的助理吗？ Have you been an alumnus of heaven and hell? 你能自由的通往天堂和地狱吗？ Are you mean like a minx? Are you lean like a lynx? 你是一个爱出风头的姑娘吗？你瘦的像一只山猫吗？ Are you keen to be seen when you're smelling a rat? 当你闻到一只老鼠你会努力的寻找吗？ Were you there when the pharaoh commissioned the Sphinx? 当法老委派做狮身人面像时你在场吗？ If you were, and you are, you're a jellicle cat 如果你在并且你是，你是一只杰利克猫． Jellicle songs for jellicle cats 杰利克歌咏杰利克猫 Jellicle songs for jellicle cats 杰利克歌咏杰利克猫 Jellicle songs for jellicle cats 杰利克歌咏杰利克猫

The way的用法及其含义(二)

The way的用法及其含义（二） 二、the way在句中的语法作用 the way在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语： 1.作主语 The way you are doing it is completely crazy.你这个干法简直发疯。 The way she puts on that accent really irritates me. 她故意操那种口音的样子实在令我恼火。The way she behaved towards him was utterly ruthless. 她对待他真是无情至极。 Words are important, but the way a person stands, folds his or her arms or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings. 言语固然重要,但人的站姿,抱臂的方式和手势也回告诉我们他(她)的情感。 2.作宾语 I hate the way she stared at me.我讨厌她盯我看的样子。 We like the way that her hair hangs down.我们喜欢她的头发笔直地垂下来。 You could tell she was foreign by the way she was dressed. 从她的穿著就可以看出她是外国人。 She could not hide her amusement at the way he was dancing. 她见他跳舞的姿势，忍俊不禁。 3.作表语 This is the way the accident happened.这就是事故如何发生的。 Believe it or not, that's the way it is. 信不信由你, 反正事情就是这样。 That's the way I look at it, too. 我也是这么想。 That was the way minority nationalities were treated in old China. 那就是少数民族在旧中

歌词

我的歌声里 没有一点点防备 也没有一丝顾虑 你就这样出现 在我的世界里带给我惊喜情不自己可是你偏又这样 在我不知不觉中悄悄地消失 从我的世界里没有音讯 剩下的只是回忆 你存在我深深的脑海里 我的梦里我的心里我的歌声里 你存在我深深的脑海里 我的梦里我的心里我的歌声里 还记得我们曾经 肩并肩一起走过那段繁花巷口 尽管你我是陌生人是过路人 但彼此还是感觉到了 对方的一个眼神一个心跳 一种意想不到的快乐 好像是一场梦境命中注定 你存在我深深的脑海里 我的梦里我的心里我的歌声里 你存在我深深的脑海里 我的梦里我的心里我的歌声里 世界之大为何我们相遇 难道是缘分难道是天意 你存在我深深的脑海里 我的梦里我的心里我的歌声里 你存在我深深的脑海里 我的梦里我的心里我的歌声里 你存在我深深的脑海里 我的梦里我的心里我的歌声里 如水 期待过我们似细水 可惜蒸发出眼泪 明白你最近有些暂时伴侣偷一刻午睡彷佛专一使你极空虚 怀疑被你抱着我念着谁 无论你再好亦舍得失去 难过亦过难道我 嫌损失未够多

早放手可减轻痛楚 不等泡沫给吹破 不想去知谁填补我 无悔在我还是我 任你多么差错 无谓去追问为何 深知告别损失非我 让情人离别 似水清洗我 原谅你对着我说谎 出于好意的作状 明白你最近已经避谈近况 早不敢寄望 心中早把相爱如观光 情如瀑布泻下也未惊慌 心境已随着那水花得到释放 难过亦过难道我 嫌损失未够多 早放手可减轻痛楚 不等泡沫给吹破 不想去知谁填补我 无悔在我还是我 任你多么差错 无谓去追问为何 深知告别损失非我 让情人离别 似水清洗我 难过亦过难道我 嫌损失未够多 早放手可减轻痛楚 不等泡沫给吹破 不想去知谁填补我 无悔在我还是我 任你多么差错 无谓去追问为何 深知告别损失非我 让情人离别 似水清洗我 心中有涟漪吹过又回到最初平静去做我

(完整版)the的用法

定冠词the的用法： 定冠词the与指示代词this ,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西. (1)特指双方都明白的人或物 Take the medicine.把药吃了. (2)上文提到过的人或事 He bought a house.他买了幢房子. I've been to the house.我去过那幢房子. (3)指世界上独一无二的事物 the sun ,the sky ,the moon, the earth (4)单数名词连用表示一类事物 the dollar 美元 the fox 狐狸 或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人 the rich 富人 the living 生者 (5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词等前面 Where do you live?你住在哪? I live on the second floor.我住在二楼. That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西. (6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体 They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师) They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师) (7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前 She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂. (8)用在某些有普通名词构成的国家名称,机关团体,阶级等专有名词前 the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 (9)用在表示乐器的名词前 She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴. (10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人 the Greens 格林一家人(或格林夫妇) (11)用在惯用语中 in the day, in the morning... the day before yesterday, the next morning... in the sky... in the dark... in the end... on the whole, by the way...

英语文化 学英语必须要知道的经典英文歌曲14 Hallelujah

歌曲背景 "Hallelujah" is a song written by Canadian singer Leonard Cohen, originally released on his album Various Positions (1984). Achieving little initial success, the song found greater popular acclaim through a recording by John Cale, which inspired a recording by Jeff Buckley. It has been viewed as a "baseline" for secular hymns. "Hallelujah"为加拿大著名游吟诗人、民谣歌手Leonard Cohen在1985年创作的歌曲，收录在其专辑"Various Positions"中。其歌词充满诗意，内涵丰富，曲调缓慢忧伤，加上Leonard沧桑嗓音的低吟浅唱，演绎出了一种清淡而悠长的回味。 Hallelujah的版本很多，其中最有影响力的还是美国著名创作型歌手Jeff Buckley的翻唱版本，被收录在其1994年的专辑"Grace"中。Jeff被U2的Bono形容为“噪海中的纯净一滴”，他的声音明丽甜蜜又性感飘渺，诠释起悲伤和记忆来却更令人印象深刻。 中国歌手邓紫棋在现场演唱会上翻唱了本曲。 英文歌词 Now I've heard there was a secret chord 我曾听闻一曲传奇中的旋律 That David played, and it pleased the Lord 是大卫弹奏来取悦上帝的赞颂 But You don't really care for music, do You? 但祢真正喜悦的(是人的作为，而)不是音乐，对吧？ Well it goes like this 旋律是这样的 The fourth, the fifth F和弦，G和弦(复杂的心情无可言喻) The minor fall, the major lift 大小调起承转合(指戴维泣不成声的祷告颂唱，至五音不全) The baffled king composing Hallelujah

“the way+从句”结构的意义及用法

“tｈｅwａｙ+从句”结构的意义及用法 首先让我们来看下面这个句子: Ｒead the foｌloｗｉnｇpassagｅａnd talkａbout ｉt wi ｔh your classmaｔes．Try tｏｔeｌl whaｔyｏu thiｎk ｏf Tom aｎd ｏｆｔhe ｗay the chiｌｄrenｔrｅated ｈim. 在这个句子中，ｔhe waｙ是先行词,后面是省略了关系副词that或in whｉch的定语从句。 下面我们将叙述“the ｗaｙ+从句”结构的用法。 1.tｈe wａy之后，引导定语从句的关系词是tｈat而不是hoｗ,因此，<<现代英语惯用法词典＞＞中所给出的下面两个句子是错误的：Ｔhｉs is ｔｈeｗayｈowｉtｈａppened. This is the way how he ａlwａｙs treats me. 2．在正式语体中,thaｔ可被in which所代替;在非正式语体中，ｔhat则往往省略。由此我们得到theｗay后接定语从句时的三种模式：1) tｈe ｗaｙ＋ｔhａt-从句２）the way +ｉn whiｃh－从句3) the ｗay +从句 例如：Ｔｈe way(in whiｃh ，thａt) ｔhｅｓｅｃomｒade ｓloｏｋａｔｐrobｌems is wrong．这些同志看问题的方法

不对。 Ｔｈｅｗａy(that ,ｉn ｗhiｃh)yoｕ’ｒe doinｇit is comple ｔeｌy crａzy.你这么个干法,简直发疯。 Wｅａdmiｒｅd him for thｅｗay ｉｎｗhｉch he fａｃeｓdiｆficultieｓ． Waｌlａｃe ａｎd Ｄarwiｎｇreed ｏn the way ｉｎwhi ｃh ｄｉfｆｅrｅnt forms ｏf life had ｂegｕn.华莱士和达尔文对不同类型的生物是如何起源的持相同的观点。 Thｉs is ｔｈe ｗaｙ（tｈａｔ) hｅdｉd it. I lｉkeｄｔhe waｙ(ｔhat) ｓｈeｏｒganized ｔhe ｍeetｉng． 3.theｗay(tｈat)有时可以与hｏw(作“如何”解）通用。例如： That’s tｈe ｗaｙ(tｈaｔ) shｅspoke. = Tｈat’s how shｅspoke.

英文典范歌谣一起唱1A1B1C歌词

1A 1.Are You Sleeping? Are you sleeping? Are you sleeping? Brother John, Brother John? Morning bells are ringing, Morning bells are ringing. Ding, ding, dong! Ding, ding, dong! 2.Ten Little Indians One little, two little, three little Indians,

Four little, five little, six little Indians, Seven little, Eight little, Nine little Indians, Ten little Indian boys. One little, two little, three little Indians, Four little, five little, six little Indians, Seven little, Eight little, Nine little Indians, Ten little Indian girls. 3.Happy Birthday to You Happy birthday to you. Happy birthday to you. Happy birthday, dear friend. Happy birthday to you.

4.Hot Potato One potato, two potatoes, Three potatoes, four, Five potato, six potatoes, Seven potatoes, more. 5.Hot Cross Buns Hot cross buns! Hot cross buns! One a penny, two a penny. Hot cross buns! If you have no daughters, Give them to you sons!

way 用法

表示“方式”、“方法”，注意以下用法： 1.表示用某种方法或按某种方式，通常用介词in(此介词有时可省略)。如： Do it (in) your own way. 按你自己的方法做吧。 Please do not talk (in) that way. 请不要那样说。 2.表示做某事的方式或方法，其后可接不定式或of doing sth。 如： It’s the best way of studying [to study] English. 这是学习英语的最好方法。 There are different ways to do [of doing] it. 做这事有不同的办法。 3.其后通常可直接跟一个定语从句(不用任何引导词)，也可跟由that 或in which 引导的定语从句，但是其后的从句不能由how 来引导。如： 我不喜欢他说话的态度。 正：I don’t like the way he spoke. 正：I don’t like the way that he spoke. 正：I don’t like the way in which he spoke. 误：I don’t like the way how he spoke. 4.注意以下各句the way 的用法： That’s the way (=how) he spoke. 那就是他说话的方式。 Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。 The way (=According as) you are studying now, you won’tmake much progress. 根据你现在学习情况来看，你不会有多大的进步。 2007年陕西省高考英语中有这样一道单项填空题： ——I think he is taking an active part insocial work. ——I agree with you_____. A、in a way B、on the way C、by the way D、in the way 此题答案选A。要想弄清为什么选A，而不选其他几项，则要弄清选项中含way的四个短语的不同意义和用法，下面我们就对此作一归纳和小结。 一、in a way的用法 表示：在一定程度上，从某方面说。如： In a way he was right.在某种程度上他是对的。注：in a way也可说成in one way。 二、on the way的用法 1、表示：即将来(去)，就要来(去)。如： Spring is on the way.春天快到了。 I'd better be on my way soon.我最好还是快点儿走。 Radio forecasts said a sixth-grade wind was on the way.无线电预报说将有六级大风。 2、表示：在路上，在行进中。如： He stopped for breakfast on the way.他中途停下吃早点。 We had some good laughs on the way.我们在路上好好笑了一阵子。 3、表示：(婴儿)尚未出生。如： She has two children with another one on the way.她有两个孩子，现在还怀着一个。 She's got five children，and another one is on the way.她已经有5个孩子了，另一个又快生了。 三、by the way的用法

English song-as long as you love me英文经典脍炙人口歌曲歌词解析

歌名：As Long As You Love Me 歌手：Justin Bieber 所属专辑：Believe Acoustic 作曲 : Persson Svensson 作词 : Persson Svensson As long as you love me yeah 只要你爱我就好 I'm under pressure, seven billion people in the world trying to fit in 我们在压力下跟着全世界70亿人适应这个社会 Keep it together, smile on your face even though your heart is frowning 紧紧相依，你心有困懑却面带笑容 But hey now, you know girl, we both know it's a cruel world 但是现在，宝贝你知道，我们都知道世界多么残酷 But I will take my chances 但我愿意（搏一搏）抓住我的机会 As long as you love me, we could be starving, 只要你爱我，我们可以挨饿（饥肠辘辘） We could be homeless, we could be broke 可以流离失所，也可以支离破碎 As long as you love me I'll be your platinum, I'll be your silver, i'll be your gold 只要你爱我，我是你的铂金，我是你的银，我是你的财富（我会不离不弃，无坚不摧，所向披靡）

The way的用法及其含义(一)

The way的用法及其含义（一） 有这样一个句子：In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. 1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。 the way在句中的语法作用是什么？其意义如何？在阅读时，学生经常会碰到一些含有the way 的句子，如：No one knows the way he invented the machine. He did not do the experiment the way his teacher told him.等等。他们对the way 的用法和含义比较模糊。在这几个句子中，the way之后的部分都是定语从句。第一句的意思是，“没人知道他是怎样发明这台机器的。”the way的意思相当于how；第二句的意思是，“他没有按照老师说的那样做实验。”the way 的意思相当于as。在In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.这句话中，the way也是as的含义。随着现代英语的发展，the way的用法已越来越普遍了。下面，我们从the way的语法作用和意义等方面做一考查和分析： 一、the way作先行词，后接定语从句 以下3种表达都是正确的。例如：“我喜欢她笑的样子。” 1. the way+ in which +从句 I like the way in which she smiles. 2. the way+ that +从句 I like the way that she smiles. 3. the way + 从句(省略了in which或that) I like the way she smiles. 又如：“火灾如何发生的，有好几种说法。” 1. There were several theories about the way in which the fire started. 2. There were several theories about the way that the fire started.

way 的用法

way 的用法 【语境展示】 1. Now I’ll show you how to do the experiment in a different way. 下面我来演示如何用一种不同的方法做这个实验。 2. The teacher had a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting. 这位老师有种奇怪的办法让他的课生动有趣。 3. Can you tell me the best way of working out this problem? 你能告诉我算出这道题的最好方法吗？ 4. I don’t know the way (that / in which) he helped her out. 我不知道他用什么方法帮助她摆脱困境的。 5. The way (that / which) he talked about to solve the problem was difficult to understand. 他所谈到的解决这个问题的方法难以理解。 6. I don’t like the way that / which is being widely used for saving water. 我不喜欢这种正在被广泛使用的节水方法。 7. They did not do it the way we do now. 他们以前的做法和我们现在不一样。 【归纳总结】 ●way作“方法，方式”讲时，如表示“以……方式”，前面常加介词in。如例1； ●way作“方法，方式”讲时，其后可接不定式to do sth.，也可接of doing sth. 作定语，表示做某事的方法。如例2，例3；

英文歌词

1、《Mister Sun》 Oh Mister Sun, Sun, Mister Golden Sun, Please shine down on me. Oh Mister Sun, Sun,Mister Golden Sun, Hiding behind a tree… These little children ， Are asking you To please come out So we can play with you. Oh Mister Sun, Sun,Mister Golden Sun, Please shine down on me! Oh Mister Sun, Sun, Mister Golden Sun, Please shine down on me. Oh Mister Sun, Sun, Mister Golden Sun,Hiding behind a tree…These little children Are asking youTo please come out So we can play with you. Oh Mister Sun, Sun,Mister Golden Sun, Please shine down on,Please shine down on, Please shine down on me! 2、Mango Walk My brother did a tell me That you go mango walk You go mango walk(2×) My brother did a tell me That you go mango walk And pick all the numbe r ?leven 3、Mosquito Mosquito one, Mosquito two. Mosquito jump in the old man ,shoe Zzzzzzzz(clap the mosquito ) 4、Artist：harrybelafonte Songs Title：coconut woman （Coconuts, coconuts） （Coconuts, coconuts） Coconut woman is calling out And everyday you can hear her shout Coconut woman is calling out And everyday you can hear her shout Get your coconut water （Four for five） Man, it's good for your daughter （Four for five） Coco got a lotta iron （Four for five） Make you strong like a lion （Four for five） A lady tell me the other day No one can take her sweet man away I ask her what was the mystery She say coconut water and rice curry You can cook it in a pot （Four for five） You can serve it very hot （Four for five） Coco got a lotta iron （Four for five） Make you strong like a lion （Coconuts, coconuts） Coconut woman says you'll agree Coconut make very nice candy The thing that's best If you're feeling glum Is coconut water with a little rum It could make you very tipsy （Four for five） Make you feel like a gypsy （Four for five） Coco got a lotta iron （Four for five） Make you strong like a lion （Four for five） Ah, play that thing Coconut woman is calling out And everyday you can hear her shout Coconut woman is calling out And everyday you can hear her shout Get your coconut water （Four for five） Man, it's good for your daughter （Four for five） Get your coconut candy （Four for five） Make you feel very dandy （Four for five） Coco, coco, coco... Coconut, coconut Coconut, coconut... -

the-way-的用法讲解学习

t h e-w a y-的用法

The way 的用法 "the way+从句"结构在英语教科书中出现的频率较高, the way 是先行词, 其后是定语从句.它有三种表达形式:1) the way+that 2)the way+ in which 3)the way + 从句(省略了that或in which),在通常情况下, 用in which 引导的定语从句最为正式,用that的次之,而省略了关系代词that 或 in which 的, 反而显得更自然,最为常用.如下面三句话所示,其意义相同. I like the way in which he talks. I like the way that he talks. I like the way he talks. 一.在当代美国英语中,the way用作为副词的对格,"the way+从句"实际上相当于一个状语从句来修饰全句. the way=as 1)I'm talking to you just the way I'd talk to a boy of my own. 我和你说话就象和自己孩子说话一样. 2)He did not do it the way his friend did. 他没有象他朋友那样去做此事. 3)Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are ----all we have to do is clean or peel them . 大部分水果天然甜润,可以直接食用,我们只需要把他们清洗一下或去皮.

听的圣诞节英语歌曲

听的圣诞节英语歌曲 下面是一些圣诞节英文歌曲推荐！ 1、Everybody Knows I Love U 圣诞表白 2、Hallelujah-Alexandra Burke圣诞单曲销售冠军 3、圣诞必听英文歌曲John Lennon(Happy Christmas) 4、豌豆公主Kylie Minogue圣诞情调Santa Baby 5、小天后Taylor Swift演绎缤纷圣诞Last Christmas 6、NIKE最新圣诞广告歌曲完整版 7、Lady GaGa 欢乐圣诞单曲Christmas Tree 8、最畅销圣诞歌Mariah Carey(All I Want For Christmas Is You) 9、超人气童星Justin Bieber在奥巴马总统面前献唱圣诞歌曲 10、可爱童声贺圣诞When Christmas comes to town 欢乐合唱团相约快乐圣诞 Glee Cast - Last Christmas 美国福克斯电视台于2009年推出的热门青春音乐剧《欢乐合唱团》Glee盛邀剧中的男女主演们，包括Lea Michele, Amber Riley, Cory Monteith, Kevin McHale, Jenna Ushkowitz, Chris Colfer, Dianna Agron, Mark Salling等一席欢乐合唱团的团员们齐齐出动，为我们带来了这首欢快的经典翻唱"Last Christmas"。 绯闻女孩Queen B喊你回家过圣诞 Leighton Meester - Christmas "Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)"是Darlene Love于1963年发表的经典圣诞歌曲，后被乐队U2、乐坛天后Mariah Carey翻唱。

hallelujah英文歌词

I've heard there was a secret chord That David played, and it pleased the Lord But you don't really care for music, do you? It goes like this The fourth, the fifth The minor fall, the major lift The baffled king composing Hallelujah Hallelujah, Hallelujah Hallelujah, Hallelujah Your faith was strong but you needed proof You saw her bathing on the roof Her beauty in the moonlight overthrew you She tied you to a kitchen chair She broke your throne, and she cut your hair And from your lips she drew the Hallelujah Hallelujah, Hallelujah Hallelujah, Hallelujah Baby I have been here before I know this room, I've walked this floor I used to live alone before I knew you. I've seen your flag on the marble arch Love is not a victory march It's a cold and it's a broken Hallelujah Hallelujah, Hallelujah Hallelujah, Hallelujah Maybe there’s a God above But all I’ve ever learned from love Was how to shoot at someone who outdrew you It’s not a cry you can hear at night It’s not somebody who has seen the light It’s a cold and it’s a broken Hallelujah Hallelujah, Hallelujah Hallelujah, Hallelujah I did my best, it wasn't much I couldn't feel, so I tried to touch I've told the truth, I didn't come to fool you And even though it all went wrong I'll stand before the Lord of Song With nothing on my tongue but Hallelujah

way的用法总结大全

way的用法总结大全 way的用法你知道多少，今天给大家带来way的用法，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 way的用法总结大全 way的意思 n. 道路,方法,方向,某方面 adv. 远远地，大大地 way用法 way可以用作名词 way的基本意思是“路,道,街,径”,一般用来指具体的“路,道路”,也可指通向某地的“方向”“路线”或做某事所采用的手段,即“方式,方法”。way还可指“习俗,作风”“距离”“附近,周围”“某方面”等。 way作“方法,方式,手段”解时,前面常加介词in。如果way前有this, that等限定词,介词可省略,但如果放在句首,介词则不可省略。

way作“方式,方法”解时,其后可接of v -ing或to- v 作定语,也可接定语从句,引导从句的关系代词或关系副词常可省略。 way用作名词的用法例句 I am on my way to the grocery store.我正在去杂货店的路上。 We lost the way in the dark.我们在黑夜中迷路了。 He asked me the way to London.他问我去伦敦的路。 way可以用作副词 way用作副词时意思是“远远地,大大地”,通常指在程度或距离上有一定的差距。 way back表示“很久以前”。 way用作副词的用法例句 It seems like Im always way too busy with work.我工作总是太忙了。 His ideas were way ahead of his time.他的思想远远超越了他那个时代。 She finished the race way ahead of the other runners.她第一个跑到终点,远远领先于其他选手。 way用法例句

the_way的用法大全教案资料

t h e_w a y的用法大全

The way 在the way+从句中, the way 是先行词, 其后是定语从句.它有三种表达形式:1) the way+that 2)the way+ in which 3)the way + 从句(省略了that或in which),在通常情况下, 用in which 引导的定语从句最为正式,用that的次之,而省略了关系代词that 或 in which 的, 反而显得更自然,最为常用.如下面三句话所示,其意义相同. I like the way in which he talks. I like the way that he talks. I like the way he talks. 如果怕弄混淆，下面的可以不看了 另外，在当代美国英语中,the way用作为副词的对格,"the way+从句"实际上相当于一个状语从句来修饰全句. the way=as 1)I'm talking to you just the way I'd talk to a boy of my own. 我和你说话就象和自己孩子说话一样. 2)He did not do it the way his friend did. 他没有象他朋友那样去做此事. 3)Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are ----all we have to do is clean or peel them . 大部分水果天然甜润,可以直接食用,我们只需要把他们清洗一下或去皮. the way=according to the way/judging from the way 4)The way you answer the qquestions, you must be an excellent student. 从你回答就知道,你是一个优秀的学生. 5)The way most people look at you, you'd think a trashman was a monster. 从大多数人看你的目光中,你就知道垃圾工在他们眼里是怪物. the way=how/how much 6)I know where you are from by the way you pronounce my name. 从你叫我名字的音调中,我知道你哪里人. 7)No one can imaine the way he misses her. 人们很想想象他是多么想念她. the way=because 8) No wonder that girls looks down upon me, the way you encourage her. 难怪那姑娘看不起我, 原来是你怂恿的