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2014年职称英语理工类B级考试真题

2014年职称英语理工类B级考试真题第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. The majority of people around here are decent.

A. real

B. honest

C. normal

D. wealthy

2. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.

A. hidden

B. traditional

C. inflexible

D. official

3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.

A. furnish

B. copy

C. publish

D. summarize

4. Afterwards there was just a feeling of let down.

A. excitement

B. disappointment

C. anger

D. calm

5. Several windows had been smashed.

A. cleaned

B. replaced

C. fixed

D. broken

6. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.

A. pains

B. parts

C. aspects

D. results

7. London quickly became a flourishing port.

A. major

B. large

C. successful

D. commercial

8. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.

A. homework

B. justice

C. model

D. act

9. He led a very moral life.

A. human

B. intelligent

C. natural

D. honorable

10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.

A. sincere

B. respectful

C. empty

D. terrible

11. It was a magic night until the spell was broken.

A. time

B. charm

C. space

D. opportunity

12. His professional career spanned 16 years.

A. started

B. changed

C. moved

D. lasted

13. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.

A. discover

B. prove

C. consider

D. imagine

14. His knowledge of French is fair.

A. very useful

B. very limited

C. quite good

D. rather special

15. The group does not advocate the use of violence.

A. limit

B. regulate

C. oppose

D. support

第二部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

So Many 'Earths'

The Milky Way (银河) contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life that’s the finding of a new study. It draws on date that came from NASA’s top planet-hunting telescope.

A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service. Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy. The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.

The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars, with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun, may host a planet that could support life as we know it.

Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth’s, but no more than twice that big . The planet also would have to orbit in a star’s habitable zone. That’s where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.

The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them. The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate (推算) to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see .

The estimate is rough, the authors admit. If applied to the solar system, it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past). Using tighter limits, the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 Sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world. These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.

Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn’t sound like a big number. It would mean, however, that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a change for life.

16. The Kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

17. The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earth’s.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

18. The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

19. The Earth is planet orbiting in the Sun’s habitable zone.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

20. The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars in the Milky Way.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

21. The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

22. This is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：(1)1-4题要求从所给的4个选项中为段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

Climate Change : The Long Reach

1 . Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There ‘s more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge (评估) .Earth’s future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time .

2 . People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas . In the air , this gas traps heat at Earth’s surface . And the more carbon dioxide released , the more the planet warms . If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn’t slow , the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years-and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.

3. Most climate-change studies look at what’s going to happen in the next century or so . During that time, changes in the planet’s environment could

nudge(推动) global warming even higher. For example: Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt, sunlight can now reach-- and warm –the exposed ground . This extra heat raises the air temperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a ‘fast feedback’.

4. Zeebe says it’s important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they’re limited. From a climate change perspective, ‘This century is the most important time for the next few generations’, he told Science News “But the world is not ending in 2100”. For his new study. Zeebe how focuses on “slow feedbacks”. While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life --- as they relocate to more comfortable areas --- are two examples of slow feedbacks.

5. Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius (8.1 degree Fahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5 ℃-- for a 6 total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that slow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.

23. Paragraph 2 ________

24. Paragraph 3 ________

25. Paragraph 4 ________

26. Paragraph 5 ________

A. A prediction of future climate change

B. Impact of burning fossil fuels

C. Fast feedbacks

D. Unpredictability of feedback processes

E. Rising of sea levels

F. Slow feedbacks

27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in _______

28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach ________

29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing ________

30. After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for ________

A. rapid exaggeration of impacts

B. a very long time

C. the extra heat

D. previously published studies

E. the exposed ground

F. recorded history

第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance

Bored of using a mouse? Soon you'll be able to change stuff on your computer screen –and then move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑) –with nothing more than a glance.

A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object –a photo, say –and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly.

"The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire, "says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK.

Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or for sharing photos.

A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the "Midas touch"(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. "Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at," he says.

Christian Holz, a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. "EyeDrop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism," he says. "This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner."

While current eye-trackers are rather bulky, mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next

year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.

Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or

drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touch screen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week.

31. The eye-tracker technology enables us to______

A. change our computer screen.

B. focus on anything that interests us.

C. get a smartphone connected wirelessly.

D. move an object from screen with a glance.

32. Why is a button needed?

A. To minimize the cost of EyeDrop.

B. To choose as many objects as possible.

C. To make EyeDrop different from others.

D. To select what we want.

33. The word “this”in Paragraph 6 refers to_______

A. application of gaze-tracking in human-computer interaction.

B. interaction between human and computer.

C. combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices.

D. generalization of EyeDrop system.

34. Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer devices.

A. They are costly.

B. They are available.

C. They are installed in Google Glass headset.

D. They are expected to come out soon.

35. What is Turner likely to study next?

A. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.

B. How to present the system in public.

C. How to get touch screen involved.

D. How to cut and paste content from a public display.

第二篇The Mir Space Station

The Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space.

The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to1 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each2. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles.

The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.

A debate continues over Mir’s contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and earned scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations.3 Experiments on Mir arc credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of

heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favouring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid4, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.

Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir, In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures.

Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mir’s reputation as a space station was ruined.

Mir’s setbacks arc nothing, though5, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But it’s time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir.

36. We can learn from the passage that the Mir Space Station

A. was designed to last over 5 years.

B. played host to 7 astronauts from different countries.

C. was visited only by Americans.

D. was built by Russians.

37. One of the contributions Mir makes to science is that, it

A. help astronauts get close to Mars.

B. enables scientists to develop new scientific equipment.

C. sets a record of the longest single human stay in space.

D. shows that multinational operations in space are less expensive.

38. What happened to Mir in 1997?

A. it ran out its fund.

B. it was completely damaged by fire.

C. its reputation was ruined due to power failures.

D. its main computer system broke out.

39. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

A. space exploration will not experience setbacks.

B. it is difficult for other space stations exceed Mir’s success.

C. Mir is the best long-term human habitation in space in history.

D. multinational space operation are getting more accomplishments.

40. What is the author’s attitude toward Mir?

A. indifferent.

B. ironic.

C. favorable.

D. negative

第三篇Approaches to Understanding Intelligences

It bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.

Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .

Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.

Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .

Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .

Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk

because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, Interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .

41. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. How to understand intelligence.

B. The importance of intelligence.

C. The development of intelligence tests.

D. How to become intelligent.

42. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?

A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.

B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.

C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.

D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.

43. Gardner believes that ________.

A. children have different intelligences.

B. all children are alike.

C. children should take one intelligence test.

D. there is no general intelligence.

44. According to Gardner, schools should ________.

A. test students’IQs.

B. train students who do poorly on tests.

C. focus on finding the most intelligent students.

D. promote development of all intelligences.

45. Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .

A. musical foundation.

B. biological foundation.

C. intrapersonal foundation.

D. linguistic foundation.

第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

The Day a Language Died

When Carios Westez died at the age of 76, a language died, too. Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language Catawba. Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future

generations.________ (46) They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever.

We are all aware of the danger that modern industry can cause the world’s ecology(生态).However, few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages as well. As these languages become more powerful, their use as tools of business and culture increases. As well,_________ (47) When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.

Scholars believe there are around 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples, Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults，so like Catawba，Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few

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