名词性从句专项---主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句

名词性从句专项

一、知识梳理/提炼

要点一：句子的分类

根据句子的结构可分为：

①简单句——一主一谓。

②并列句——由等立连词and, but, so, for把两个（以上）的简单句连在一起构成。

③复合句——一个主句+从句（一个或以上）构成。

根据从句在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。

要点二：名词性从句总述

1. 主语从句——在句中作主语，可用it作形式主语，把真正的从句放在句尾。如：

It is still a mystery how the prisoner escaped.

犯人是如何逃跑的是个谜。

主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数。What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定。如：What he needs is that book?

What he needs are some book?

主语从句常用的结构有：

It is well known/reported/thought/said/… that…

It is natural/surprising/necessary/certain/true/clear…that…

It is a pity/a shame/an honor/no surprise/no wonder…that…

It doesn’t’t matter whether…

It seems\appears that…

It happens that…

2. 表语从句——位于系动词之后充当复合句的表语，引导词that 一般可以省略，还可用as if/as though/because/why引导。如：

The question is who can complete the difficult task.

问题是是能完成这项艰巨的任务。

３．同位语从句——跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。名词主要有：fact, news （word）, promise, idea, truth, thought, suggestion, hope, proposal, doubt等。一般用that引导，不省略。如：

The news that our team has won the match is true.

我们队赢得了比赛的消息是真的。

4．宾语从句——在句中作动词、介词或者形容词的宾语。由that, if/whether/what,when, how, wich等引导。如：

I doubt whether\if he will keep his word.

我怀疑他是否会信守诺言。

Whether we can succeed depends on how well we cooperate.

能否成功有赖于我们怎么合作。

I am afraid (that) I have made a foolish mistake.

我恐怕是犯了个愚蠢错误。

要点三：名词性从句的引导词

1.从属连词有that, whether, if。它们只起连接作用，不充当从句的任何成分。

2.连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等。它们在从句中起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、宾补、表语或定语。

3．连接副词有when, where, why, how 等，它们既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语。how many(much, far, long, often, soon)等引导主语、宾语、表语从句

要点四：名词性从句的语序

名词性从句中一律用陈述句语序

1. that 和whether/if引导的从句

She sensed something.

A tall man in a dark coat was staring at her

She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.

She wondered.

Would the buses still be running?

She wondered if/whether the buses would still be running.

2. 疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。

他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。

How was he successful is still a puzzle. (F)

How he was successful is still a puzzle. (T)

你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？

Could you tell me where he lives? (T)

Could you tell me where does he live? (F)

要点五：名词性从句的时态

1．在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，其从句的谓语根据各种需要用各种时态。当主句四一般过去时，从句应使用相应的过去时。对比如下：

Mary is very diligent. Mary was very diligent.

Mary is reading English. Tom said Mary was reading English.

Tom says Mary will give us a talk. Mary would give us a talk.

Mary has been caught in the rain. Mary had been caught in the rain.

但是，宾语从句表示事实、格言、谚语等，无论主句是什么时态从句的时态仍用一般现在时。如：

She said that her father is 30 years older than her.

她说她父亲比她大三十岁。

Our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.

老师告诉我们光的传播速度比声音快多了。

2．在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，也要注意主从句的谓语动词要一致，关键要注意动作发生的先后。

Who will win the first prize in the contest is not known to us.

Have you any idea why he was so rude?

要点六：名词性从句的语气

只要表示“命令、建议、要求”的各类名词性从句，都要用虚拟语气should + 动词原形，should 可以省略。如：

He made the suggestion that the political prisoners (should) be set free.

他提议释放政治犯

The court ordered that the case (should )be heard at the end of August.

法庭下令在8月末开庭审理此案。

The police demanded that he give them the names.

警察要他说出那些人的姓名。

要点七：宾语从句否定词的转移

主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, espect, fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.。如

I don’t think he will come to my party.

我认为他不会来我的舞会.（而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.）

I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?

我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?

如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.。

We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?

我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?

要点八：引导词that和what用法辨析

that不充当任何成分，what可以在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语、表语。that在宾语从句中可以省略。但在表语从句，主语从句和同位语从句中一般不省略。如：

下面几种情况不可以省略：

1. it作形式宾语，that 引导的真正宾语从句。

They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.

2. 两个或多个并列的that引导的宾语从句，只有第一个that可省。

Mr. smith told the workers (that) John had worked very hard and that he wanted him stay.

要点九：复合形式的引导词的用法

1．Whoever=anyone who, whichever, whatever=anything that = 名词/代词+（相关的）连接代词

He gave whoever came to the door a smile. = He gave any person who came to the door a smile. 比较：He asked me who broke the glass.（正确）他问我是谁打的玻璃。

He asked me whoever broke the glass.（错误）

Whoever goes against law shall be punished=Anybody who goes against law should be punished.（正确）违法的人将受罚。

Who goes against law shall be punished.（错误）

2．wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别

wh-ever可引导名词性从句，让步状语从句；no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句Whatever I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.让步状语从句

==No matter what I said, he wou ldn’t listen to me.

He would believe whatever I said.宾语从句

要点十：同位语从句的that和定语从句的that的区别

1. The news that our team had won made us very happy.

同位语从句，由that引导，对news的具体内容进行说明，that在从句中不充当成分，不可省略。

2. The news (that) he brought us made us very happy.

定语从句，由that引导，对news进行限定和补充，that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语可省。

二、课堂精讲例题及方法归纳

2011北京卷22__________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.

A. Which

B. What

C. That

D. Whom

答案 B

考点考察名词性从句中的主语从句。

解析由句中的is可知其前面是由what引导的主语从句，且what在从句中作offer的宾语，故答案为B项。

2011北京卷31The shocking news mad me realize ________ terrible problems we would

face.

A. what

B. how

C. that

D. why

答案 A

考点考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。

解析这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知答案为A，此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。

2011上海卷35There is clear evidence _____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is

bodily pain.

A. what

B. if

C. how

D. that

答案 D

考点考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。

解析句意为：有明显证据显示最难表述的痛楚是来自于身体上的。分析句子结构，从句中不差成分，故用引导词that。

2011上海卷38The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite

of _____ others actually understand.

A. why

B. that

C. which

D. what

答案 D

考点考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。

解析句意为：你试图通过言语表达的意思或许恰恰跟别人理解的相反。从句做of的宾语。

2011山东卷26I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never

finishes anything.

A. that

B. when

C. where

D. why

答案 D

考点考查表语从句。

解析句义：我恐怕他比起来一个实践家更是一个空谈家，那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“which is..”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用“why”引导。

2011山东卷33We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.

A. where

B. what . whether D. which

答案 C

考点此题考查宾语从句的引导词。

解析根据句意“我们提供给她了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受”。whether “是否“，where “哪里“what “什么”，which “哪个“。

2011江西卷26.The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.

A. this

B. that

C. what

D. which

答案 C

考点考察宾语从句和主语从句。

解析村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。

2011江苏卷26It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.

A. that

B. how

C. when

D. why

答案 D

考点考查主语从句。

解析句意：这名男子为什么没有早点报告这次事故的原因根本没有搞清楚。It在句中是形式主语，真正的主语是why引导的主语从句。

三、搭配课堂训练题

1.. _____________________ is known to all. (地球是圆的)

2.. ________________________ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会)

难度分级：A类

试题来源：题库

选题意图（对应知识点）：that 无意义, 后接一个完整的句子，that 不可省。

答案：1.. That the earth is round

2. That you missed the chance

True or False:

Her suggestion is that we will do it by turns. F

Her suggestion is that we do it by turns. T

难度分级:A类

用if 或whether 填空

1. I don’t know _______ I’ll be free tomorrow.

2. I don’t know _______ or not I’ll be free tomorrow.

3. The question is ______ this book is worth writing.

4. It depends on ______ we will have enough money.

5. ______ they can do it matters little to us.

6._______ you are not free tomorrow, I’ll go without y ou

答案: 1.whether/if 都可以引导宾语从句。

2. whether or not 为固定的表达。

3.whether可以引导表语从句，if不可以。

4.whether 可以做介词的宾语，if不可以。

5. whether引导的主语从句可以放在句首，if不可以。

6. If引导条件状语从句，whether不可以。

难度分级:C类

选词填空that/ whether / where/ how

1. I have no idea _________ he comes from.

2. He can’t answer the question ________ he got the money.

3. He gave us many suggestions ________ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.

4. I have no doubt ________ he will win.

5. I have some doubt ________ he will win.

答案: 1. where 2. how 3. that 4. that. 5. whether

难度分级B类

四、巩固练习

基础训练（A类）

1. It now appears ______ they are in need of help.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. how

2. It is good news ______ they will arrive in a few days.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. how

3. It ______ Joe drives badly.

A. thought that

B. thinks that

C. thought that

D. is thought that

4. It ______ he is late for class.

A. may that

B. might that

C. may be that

D. might be what

5. This is ______ she was born.

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. what

6. The question is ______ we can’t go there today.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. when

7. The question is ______ it is worth doing.

A. if

B. whether

C. which

D. what

8. The reason he has made such great progress is _______ he has never wasted his time.

A. because

B. why

C. that

D. what

9. My suggestion is ______ we should turn the land into rice fields.

A. what

B. that

C. which

D. where

10. His proposal is that the dam ______ at the foot of the mountain.

A. build

B. will build

C. be built

D. will be built

答案：1-5 ACDCA 6-10 ABCBC

提高训练（B类）

1．Much to the couple’s comfort, their income is now double it was five years ago．A．that B．than C．which D．what

2. ____it takes for us to reduce pressure is important to our emotional health, and crying seems to _____well.

A. Whatever; work

B. whichever; help

C. However; function

D. What; help

3．If the project should be delayed for a day, ________would mean we would be fined $ 100,000.

A．that B．as C．which D．and it

4．When I try to understand _______it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, is seems to me ______ there are quite a few causes.

A．why; that B．which; as C．what; that D．whether; since

5. There is a feeling in me _______ we will never know what a UFO is.

A. that

B. which

C. of which

D. what

6. While the total number of farmers engaged in the agriculture production is barely half _____ it used to be in 1959, the size of the average farm has tripled.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. how

7. It was after he got_____he had wanted _____he realized it was not so important.

A. what; what

B. what; that

C. that; what

D. that; which 8．What if we meet with a situation_____none of us are able to deal with？

A．where B．in which C．what D．that

9．Advertising is different from other forms of communication _____the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.

A．in which B．in order that C．in that D．in the way 10．—Do you think it wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children?

—No, that’s_____ they are mistaken.

A．where B．what C．when D．how

11. My advice is that he ______ regular house.

A. keep

B. would keep

C. keeps

D. kept

12.______ knows the truth will tell you about it.

A. Who that

B. Whoever

C. Whom that

D. That who

13. We all know the truth _____ the earth goes round the sun.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. whether

14. We heard the news ______ our team had won.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. where

15. The problem ______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.

A. which

B. that

C. whether

D. if

16. You must do well ______ the teacher asks you to do.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. where

答案：1-5 DAACA 6-10 BBDCA 11-16 ABABCB

综合迁移（C类）

1. The only problem was ________ we kept getting lost! But London people are very friendly and

helpful.

A. why

B. whether

C. that

D. how

2. The fact she had not said anything at the meeting all of us.

A. what; surprised

B. what; was surprised

C. that; surprised

D. that; was surprising

3. The most exciting thing for him was he finally found two tinned fruits in seemed

to him to be a servant's bedroom.

A. that; that

B. that; what

C. what; that

D. what; what

4. Finally they arrived at a place_______ sold cigarettes and other small articles.

A. where

B. which

C. in which

D. what

5. There were two small rooms in the house, ____served as kitchen.

A. the smaller of which

B. the small of which

C. the smaller of them

D. the smaller one

6. It is no longer a question now _____ man can land on the moon.

A. that

B. if

C. whether

D. what

7. I have the same opinion as you _____ the privacy of one's life should be kept secret.

A. that

B. which

C. whether

D. where

答案：1-7 CCBBAAA