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词汇练习

词汇练习
词汇练习

词汇综合练习

一、填空题

1.词汇是一种语言里或某一定范围里使用的全部____和_____的总和,是个______概念。

2.语素是,是最小的________的语言单位。

3.词是表示一定意义的、________ 的语言单位。

4.熟语形式上具有________,意义往往有________,一般把它看作是词的________。

5.现代汉语语素的主要特点是______。

6.语素和音节的区分,关键在于语素;

语素和词的区别,关键在于语素。

7.从语音构成看,语素可分________和________;从语法功能看,语素可分________和________;从分布位置看,语素可分________和________。

8.单纯词是由________构成的词。

9.合成词是由组成的词。

10.合成词的结构类型有_______和_______两大类。

11.复合式合成词可以分为________、_______、_______、_______、________五个小类。

12. 词义具有_______、_______、________等性质。

13.本义就是。

14.基本义是。

15.引申义是。

16.比喻义是。

17.词义的演变途径主要有________、________、________三种。

18.多义词是的词。

19.同音词是的词,可以分为________和________ 两类。

20.等义词是________ 的一组词,又叫________。

21.基本词是词汇的________的部分,有三个特点,即________、________、________。

22.一般词汇主要包括________、________、________、________、________等。

23.历史词指的是。

24.文言词语指的是。

25.熟语包括_____、_____、_____、_____等,它们的格式和构成成分_______,它们的意义往往有________。

26.成语具有_______、_______、_______等特点。

27.歇后语是一种的语句,有_______构成,有时只说_______,_______略去,所以叫歇后语。

二、单项选择题

1.语素是()

A.最小的语音单位。

B.最小的意义单位。

C.最小的音义结合单位。

D.最小的能独立运用的音义结合单位。

2.“小王的吉他弹得棒极了。”这句话的语素有()

A.7个

B.8个

C.9个

D.10个

3.“冰淇淋”是()

A.一个语素、一个词

B.两个语素、一个词

C.两个语素、两个词

D.三个语素、一个词

4.“阿、美、宏、丽、严、井”中包含的成词语素是()

A. 阿、美、宏

B. 阿、丽、井

C. 宏、丽、严

D. 严、井、美

5.“一对花瓶”、“你说得对”、“对子孙负责”、“对下联”中四个“对”是()

A.一个词

B.两个词

C.三个词

D.四个词

6.下列各组词中全部是连绵词的是()

A.仓猝、唐突、苗条、蝙蝠

B.坎坷、蟋蟀、枇杷、卢布

C.详细、伶俐、葫芦、逍遥

D.蝴蝶、摩托、慷慨、吩咐

7.下面各组是单纯词的一组是()

A.啊、阿姨、星、哥哥

B.阿、鸟儿、猩、太太

C.星、沙发、猩猩、奶奶

D.阿姨、啊、猩猩、星

8.“惆怅”是()

A.双声连绵词

B.叠韵连绵词

C.非双声叠韵连绵词

D.译音词

9.与“花儿”构词方式相同的是()

A.健儿

B.瓜子

C.船头

D.突然

10.与“鱼子”构词方式不同的是()

A.电子

B.莲子

C.孩子

D.虾子

11.与“龟缩”构成方式相同的是()

A.雪崩、冰冷

B.雪亮、冰释

C.地震、霜降

D.月食、蝉蜕

12.“沙发”是()

A.叠韵词

B.非双声叠韵词

C.译音词

D.合成词

13.与“房间”构词方式相同的是()

A.说服

B.道路

C.房屋

D.草原

14.构词全是附加式的一组是()

A.画儿、丫头、学子

B.男儿、骨头、椅子

C.事儿、苗头、碟子

D.盖儿、笔头、父子

15.“香喷喷”是()

A.前缀加词根

B.词根加后缀

C.补充式合成词

D.单纯词

16.下面略语属于数字略语的是()

A.北大

B.共青团

C.三峡

D.解放军

17.下面不是偏义复合词的是()

A.忘记

B.国家

C.得失

D.窗户

18.“别了”、“别上校徽”、“别去了”、“别有特点”中的“别”属于()

A.多义词

B.同音词

C.前两为同音词,后两个为多义词

D.前两个为多义词,后两个为同音词

19.“住宿”和“下榻”的区别是()

A.意义轻重不同

B.感情色彩不同

C.语体色彩不同

D.范围大小不同

20.“喂养”和“饲养”的区别是()

A.动作行为的施事不同

B.动作行为的受事不同

C.动作行为的特点不同

D.语义轻重不同

21.“抚养”和“赡养”的区别是()

A.动作行为的特点不同

B.动作行为的施事不同

C.动作行为的受事不同

D.动作行为的施事受事都不同

22.这篇文章内容还好,但是结构(),层次不清,必须重写。

A.杂乱

B.混乱

C.紊乱

D.错乱

23.中国的封建社会()了三千年左右。

A.延续

B.连续

C.继续

D.接续

24.人固然应该生存,但为的是进化;也不妨受苦,但为的是()将来的一切苦;更应该战斗,但为的是改革。

A.革除

B.废除

C.解除

D.破除

25.一幢新盖起来的白色的三层小楼()在校园的右侧。

A.耸立

B.树立

C.屹立

D.矗立

26.这种仪器非常()复杂,操作时一定要小心。A.精致 B.精密 C.精巧 D.精彩

27.有些人对出身不好的同志总是看不上,这种()不改变,是不利于党的事业的。

A.偏向

B.偏差

C.偏见

D.偏颇

28.与“死-活”类型相同的一组反义词是()

A.天堂-地狱

B.高-低

C.美-丑

D.动-静

29.下面属于反义词的一组是()

A.大国-小国

B.合法-非法

C.有权-无权

D.好-不好

30.下列结构不相同的一组成语是()

A.毛遂自荐、胸有成竹

B.中流砥柱、孜孜不倦

C.天翻地覆、营私舞弊

D.守株待兔、暴虎冯河

31.与“一衣带水”结构相同的是()

A.井底之蛙

B.笑容可掬

C.峨冠博带

D.画蛇添足

32.与“碰钉子”结构不同的惯用语是()

A.露马脚

B.敲竹杠

C.马后炮

D.踢皮球

33.与“维他命”形式相同的外来词是()

A.巧克力

B.啤酒

C.课程

D.可口可乐

34.对现代汉语规范化起着最重要作用的词典是()

A.《辞源》

B.《现代汉语词典》

C.《汉语成语词典》

D.《中华大字典》

三、多项选择题

1.下列说法正确的有()

A.各种语言的词汇差别很大

B.我们要多学些熟语,以丰富自己的词汇

C.今天我学习了二十个词汇

D.鲁迅作品的词汇很值得研究

E.“结构”这个词汇在这里用错了

2.“美”、“丽”这两个语素都属于()

A.单音节语素

B.成词语素

C.不成词语素

D.定位语素

E.不定位语素

3.下列语言单位中符合两个语素一个词条件的有()

A.葡萄干

B.吃饭

C.乒乓球

D.惊恐

E.徘徊

4.下列单位中属于词的有()

A.猎

B.狗

C.银

D.白布

E.黑板

5.构词方式相同的有()

A.老年、老乡

B.安危、果然

C.盖儿、健儿

D.垫子、帘子

E.第一、初一

6.下列加线字属于词缀的是()

A.砖头

B.烟头

C.长子

D.骗子

E.幼儿

7.下列各词属于连绵词的是()

A.秋千

B.扑克

C.芙蓉

D.丝绒

E.骆驼

8.下面构词方式跟“爸爸”相同的是()

A.伯伯

B.太太

C.奶奶

D.妈妈

E.姐姐

9.下面构词方式与“提高”相同的是()

A.提拔

B.推翻

C.车辆

D.扩大

E.突破

10.下面词语属于简称的有()

A.彩电

B.邮编

C.双百

D.中小学

E.四化

11.下列概念中不指一个词而指一组词的是()

A.单义词

B.多义词

C.同义词

D.反义词

E.同音词

12.辨析同义词的角度有()

A.意义

B.色彩

C.结构层次

D.字数

E.用法

13.构成反义词的条件有()

A.意义上互相矛盾对立

B.属于同一意义范畴

C.词性相同

D.词对词

E.只在某一点上对立而不是完全相反

14.下面各组属于同形同音词的有()

A.白:白布,白说

B.深:深夜,深沟

C.仪表:精密仪表,仪表堂堂

D.花:鲜花,花钱

E.打:打球,打毛衣

15.下面属于感情色彩不同的同义词是()

A.成果-后果

B.轻视-蔑视

C.头颅-脑袋

D.团结-勾结

E.突然-忽然

16.熟语的成员有()

A.成语

B.格言

C.谚语

D.惯用语

E.歇后语

17.下列成语中,由反义语素和同义语素交叉复合而成的是()

A.说三道四

B.天旋地转

C.鬼哭狼嗥

D.东游西荡

E.悲欢离合

18.对下列成语加点的字解释正确的有()

A.心怀叵测:不可

B.短兵相接:士兵

C.叹为观止:感叹

D.向隅而泣:墙角

E.怒不可遏:阻止

19.与“开门见山”结构相同的成语是()

A.请君入瓮

B.刻舟求剑

C.吹毛求疵

D.引狼入室

E.兴利除弊

20.用双关手法构成的歇后语是()

A.瞎子点灯——白费蜡

B.老鼠钻风箱——两头受气

C.电线杆上绑鸡毛——好大的掸子

D.墙上挂门帘——没门儿

E.对着窗户吹喇叭——鸣声在外

四、判断题

1. 语素能够独立运用。()

2.凡能单说、能单独做句法成分的语言单位都是词。()

3.不能单说、不能单独做句法成分的语言单位一定不是词。()

4.现代汉语单音节语素占优势。()

5.一个语素必然一个音节。()

6.定位语素都是不成词语素。()

7.成词语素本身就是词。()

8.汉字和语素是一一对应的。()

9.单音节词是单纯词,单纯词是单音节词。()

10.连绵词的两个音节联在一起才有意义,不能分开解释各个音节的意义。()

11.三个音节以上的单纯词绝大多数是译音词。()

12.合成词都是由两个语素组成的。()

13. “割草机“是支配式合成词。()

14.“怯生生“、“慢腾腾”、中的“生生”、“腾腾”是后缀。()

15.所有的合成词必须至少含有一个词根。()

16.词义是对客观事物的概括的真实的反映。()

17.专有名词的词义也具有概括性。()

18.词义的模糊性指词义含糊不清。()

19.比喻义就是词的比喻用法。()

20.词的引申义都是从本义、基本义中发展引申出来的。()

21.本义和基本义总是一致的。()

22.词的附属色彩是临时加上去的。()

23.多义词是指一个词,同音词是指一组词。()

24.多义词和同音词都是用同一语音形式表示多个意义。()

25.现代汉语中,多义词占多数,单义词只是少数。()

26.“人民”和“人名”是同音异形词。()

27.“工程队正在挖地道”和“她英语说得很地道”中的两个“地道”是同形同音词。()

28. “吉他”和“六弦琴”、“维生素”和“维他命”是两对等义词。()

29.“辽阔”和“宽阔”的不同主要在性状特征和适用对象上。()

30. “出席”与“缺席”、“赞成”与“反对”两组反义词类型相同。()

31.基本词和一般词界限分明,不可变动。()

32.普通话词汇以北方话为基础,也吸收吴、粤、闽等其他方言中富有表现力的词。()

33.熟语的造句功能相当于词。()

34.汉语的成语都是四字格的。()

35惯用语中间可以插入词语,组成成分的次序可以颠倒,而表达的习惯意义不受影响。()

36.《说文解字》是按音序编排的。()

五、分析题

1.切分语素并归类(音节、构词、位置)

(1)老鼠(2)霹雳(3)沙发(4)优秀(5)蝴蝶

(6)粉蝶(7)酒吧

2.列表分析下列各单位所包含的语素、词、汉字、音节个数

优美幽默

枇亮儿

摩托车计算机

阿斯匹林可口可乐

白菜白纸

刚刚太太

蛐蛐儿席梦思

崎岖警

3.指出下面每组书写形式相同的语素哪些是词根,哪些是词缀

(1)A.老粗 B.老伴C.老汉 D.老板 E.老外 F.老旦

(2)A.裤子 B.独子C.养子 D.瞎子 E.质子 F.拍子

(3)A.画儿 B.婴儿C.少儿 D.女儿 E.玩儿 F.个儿

(4)A.山头 B.船头C.光头 D.劲头 E.布头 F.甜头

(5)A.议员B.满员C.教员D.定员E.复员F.海员

(6)A.美化B.融化C.淡化D.变化E.四化F.绿化

(7)A.女性B.定性C.党性D.雄性E.弹性F.柔性

(8)A.舵手B.扎手C.扶手D.猎手E.助手F.对手

(9)A.管家B.画家C.船家D.住家E.厂家F.东家

(10)A.突然 B.果然 C.既然 D.欣然E.猛然F.泰然

4.指出下列合成词的构造方式

滚圆口吃奖状记者

提议伤心戒心规定

耳鸣囊括抽样老弟

分子棋子得意雷同

揭发紧张窍门多少

扭转告别水手文气

纺织卷尺春分良心

银两出版司炉胆怯

公路朋友海啸有限

姑姑老乡默然兜兜

篇幅澄清轻视弱小

证实条儿编译开明

5.分析下面加线的词使用的是本义、基本义、引申义,还是比喻义

(1)那个地方我只是走马观花地看了一下。

(2)领导干部应该经常到各地走一走,看一看。

(3)不要有思想包袱,轻装上阵。

(4)这条裤子长短正合适。

(5)不要在背地里说人长短。

(6)在某种气候条件下,社会的沉渣会重新泛起。

6.指出下列词的意义发展变化类型

(1)河:原专指黄河,泛指一切河流。

(2)嘴:原指鸟嘴,今指所有动物的嘴。

(3)汤:原指热水,现在指烹调后汁水特别多的副食。

(4)谷:原是百谷的总称,今指水稻的果实。

(5)丈人:原指老年男子,现在指岳父。

(6)脚:原指小腿,现在指人或动物的腿的下端,接触地面支持身体的部分。7.辨析下面各组哪是多义词,哪是同音词

(1)饱满 A.颗粒饱满 B.精神饱满

(2)光 A.光说不做 B.饭吃光了

(3)深 A.井很深 B.感情深 C.夜深了

(4)老 A.人老了 B.老朋友 C.菜炒老了

(5)点播 A.点播玉米 B.点播节目

8.指出下面各组同义词的主要差别

(1)侮辱-凌辱(2)性质-品质

(3)改正-改进(4)障碍-阻碍

(5)嫉妒-羡慕(6)丈人-岳父

(7)损坏-毁坏(8)赞扬-吹捧

(9)战略-战术(10)爱护-爱戴

9.根据句意,指出加线词的反义词

(1)课堂上要保持安静。

(2)孩子睡得很安静。

(3)打了一针,病人才安静下来。

(4)今晚很好,月亮很明亮。

(5)听了这番话,他心里更明亮了。

(6)太阳一出来,雾渐渐地淡薄了。

(7)他俩的感情越来越淡薄。

(8)最近她对象棋的兴趣淡薄了。

(9)大家对这件事的印象都已淡薄了。

(10)把帽子戴正!

(11)正对面,是一家商店。

(12)他是正主任。

(13)正整数有很多。

(14)他总是演正面人物。

10.分析下列新词的结构方式

(1)脱贫(2)特区(3)承包(4)下岗(5)飞播

(6)牵头(7)落实(8)民办(9)私营(10)关爱

11.指出下列外来词的类型

(1)哈达(2)维他命

(3)可口可乐(4)啤酒

(5)吉卜赛(6)冰淇淋

(7)俱乐部(8)基因

(9)海洛因(10)卡车

(11)拉萨(12)广告

12.解释下列成语中加点字的意义,并分析整个成语的内部结构关系

(1)走马看花(2)感激涕零

(3)坚甲利兵(4)日薄西山

(5)赴汤蹈火(6)方兴未艾

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三年级(上册) Unit 1 _______钢笔_______铅笔_______铅笔盒_______尺子 _______橡皮_______蜡笔 _______书_______书包 _______卷笔刀_______学校 Unit 2 _______头_______脸_______鼻子_______嘴_______眼睛_______耳朵_______胳膊_______手指 _______腿 _______脚_______身体 Unit 3 _______红色的_______黄色的_______绿色的_______蓝色的 _______紫色的_______白色的_______黑色的_______橙色的 _______粉色的_______棕色的 Unit 4 _______猫_______狗 _______猴子 _______熊猫 _______兔子 _______鸭子_______猪_______鸟 _______熊 _______大象_______老鼠_______松鼠 Unit 5 _______蛋糕_______面包_______热狗_______汉堡包_______鸡肉_______茶_______榨薯条_______可乐_______果汁_______牛奶_______水_______咖啡 Unit 6 _______一_______二_______三_______四 _______五 _______六_______七_______八_______九_______

十_______玩具娃娃_______小船_______球_______风筝 _______气球_______小汽车_______飞机 三年级(下册) Unit 1 _______男孩 _______女孩_______教师_______学生 _______这个_______我的 _______朋友_______好的。愉快的 _______早上好_______下午好_______遇见。碰见 _______再见_______也。太 Unit 2 _______父亲。爸爸 _______爸爸(口语) _______母亲。妈妈_______妈妈(口语) _______男人_______女人_______(外)祖母_______(口语)(外)祖母 _______(外)祖父_______(口语)(外)祖父 _______姐妹_______兄弟 _______让我们_______太好了_______真地。确切地_______和。并且_______多么。怎么样 Unit 3 _______十一_______十二_______十三_______十四 _______十五_______十六_______十七_______十八 _______十九_______二十 _______多少_______能够。可以_______看。瞧 Unit 4 _______桃 _______梨 _______橙子_______西瓜 _______苹果_______香蕉_______草莓_______葡萄_______喜欢_______一些。某些_______多谢 Unit 5 _______公共汽车 _______自行车 _______出租车_______吉普车_______课桌

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1-1已完成成绩:100.0分 1 As an eloquent person, Oprah Winfrey becomes a famous talk show hostess in America. I admire her not only for her _____ but also for her great courage to overcome difficulties in life. A、eloquence B、elevator C、violence D、sentence 正确答案:A 我的答案:A得分:10.0分 2 It is evident that we have to do something to improve the hazy weather. Otherwise the sea might become _____. A、vicious B、vigorous C、inedible D、invisible 正确答案:D 我的答案:D得分:10.0分 3 I’m deeply impressed by the great musical effect of this theatre. Even if you sit in the farthest seat, the music is still _____. A、audible B、inaudible C、credible D、incredible 正确答案:A 我的答案:A得分:10.0分 4 My computer has an audio output. And I need an audio cable to send the _____ files to you. A、video B、visual C、audio D、visible 正确答案:C 我的答案:C得分:10.0分 5 Before leaving the United States, Benjamin has to sell his house. So he is looking for a(n) _____ to conduct the sale. A、emergency B、policy C、agency D、agreement 正确答案:C 我的答案:C得分:10.0分 6 Mary loves music so much. She hopes one day that she will give a concert in national _____. A、auditorium B、audience

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