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2015小升初英语形容词、副词基本语法与练习.doc

2015小升初英语形容词、副词基本语法与练习.doc
2015小升初英语形容词、副词基本语法与练习.doc

小学生英语形容词、副词基本语法与练习

知识要点

1)英语中大多数形容词、副词是可以分等级的,一般有三个等级:原级,比较级和最高级。形容词、副词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。如:John is a tall boy.两者间进行比较用到形容词比较级。如:Jim is taller than John.三者或者三者以上进行比较用形容词的最高级。Mike is the tallest of the three boys.(形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the)

2).形容词、副词比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化

规则变化

①单音节或双音节的形容词(或副词)比较级+er最高级+est small-smaller-smallest 等

②以e结尾的词,比较级+r,最高级+st即可nice-nicer-nicest

③以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i+er或est easy-easier-easiest

④双写最后一个辅音字母+er或est hot-hotter-hottest

⑥一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most,如:

difficult---more difficult---most difficult

不规则变化:

good/well-better-best,bad-worse-worst many/much-more-most little-less-least

far-further -furthest(表示程度)far-farther-farthest(表示远近)old-older-oldest (表新旧)old-elder-eldest(表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼)

3).比较级前的修饰词:a little, a lot, much, even; far; still

4)形容词、副词比较级的特殊用法

①形容词/副词比较级+than+ any other+单数名词(+介词短语)"表示"比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……",含义是"最……"。

例如,Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.

= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class. = Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class. = Mike gets to school earliest in his class.注意:Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom's class.

②"the+形容词比较级+of the two+……"表示"...是两者中较…的"。

如,Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.

③"比较级+and+比较级"表示"越来越……"。He is getting taller and taller.

④"the+比较级,the+比较级"表示"越…,越…,"。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you'll make

5).最高级常用句型结构

①"主语+be+ the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语"表示"……是……中最……的"。

如,Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.

②"主语+be+ one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语"表示"…是……中最……之一"。

如,Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.

③序数词+最高级

Hainan Island is the second largest island in China.

练习:

I.写出所给词的反义词。

1.young________ 6.better___________

2. white________ 7. longer__________

3. big__________ 8. thinner_________

4. left_________ 9. far_____________

5.fast_________ 10. light__________

II. 用所给词的正确形式填空。

1. Maria is ________(thin). Lucy is __________(thin) than Mary.

2. Mike is ____________________(heavy) boy in his class.

3. Tom is as_________ ( tall) as Jim.

4. I am much _________( well) than yesterday.

5. This skirt is ___________________( expensive) of the three.

6. The weather today is ___________(hot) than it was yesterday.

7). Lucy writes __________________(careful) than her brother.

8)Today is ___________(busy) day this week.

9)That is ___ (easy ) of all.

10). He is ____ (clever ) boy in the class.

11). John is _____ ( short ) than Tom.

12). This box is ____ ( heavy ) than that one.

III、根据所给汉语完成句子

1. _____ ____exercise you take, _____ _____ (你锻炼越多就会越强壮) you will be.

2. Who jumped _______ (最远) of all in the long jump?

3. Lucy says she will write to you back ____ ____ ____ ______(尽可能快地)。

4. There are ____ ______ ______ (如此多的人) that we can't see each other.

5.-_____ _____ _____ (何时何地) shall we meet?

-Let's meet outside the school gate tomorrow afternoon.

IV、单项选择

( )1. -Tom is the ____ one I want to work with. He is always complaining.

- Be more patient. He is still a good boy.

A. best

B. last

C. first

D. only

( )2. We want to go to Japan to have a ____ study.

A. farther

B. farthest

C. further

D. furthest

( )3. The meeting hall is ____ to hold 5000 people.

A. large enough

B. enough large

C. so large

D. too large

( )4. When spring comes, the trees get ____.

A. green and green

B. green and greener

C. greener and green

D. greener and greener

( )5. My _____ brother is three years ____ than I .

A. old; older

B. elder ; older

C. older; elder

D. old; elder

( )6. He's ____ to hear the bad news.

A. sorry

B. bad

C. happy

D. well

( )7. The snow is over one meter ____ when it's winter here.

A. long

B. high

C. thick

D. this

( )8. This book is _____ worth seeing again.

A. very

B. quite

C. well

D. much

( )9. My sister sat ____ to me to listen to the story.

A. close

B. closely

C. nearby

D. with

( )10. The sports car is running ____, It seems to be flying.

A. fast and fast

B. more and fast

C. more and faster

D. faster and faster ( )11. You run ____ for us to catch up with you.

A . too fast B. so fast C. too slowly D. so slowly

( )12. Don't look _____ the window? We're having a class.

A. out of B out from C. down of D. out.

( )13. This year our school is ____ than it was last year.

A. much more beautiful

B. much beautiful

C. the most beautiful

D. beautiful

( )14. _____ the ground is, ____ air becomes.

A. The high; the thin

B. The highest; the thinnest

C. The higher; the thiner

D. The higher; the thinner

( )15. John is ____ of the two boys.

A. tall

B. tallest

C. the tallest.

D. the taller.

( )16. -Why does Peter like moon cakes with nuts instead of the ones with eggs?

-Because he thinks the moon cakes with nuts are ____.

A. cheap

B. dear

C. worse

D. nicer

( )17. She is ____ than I

A. a head taller

B. a taller head

C. taller a head

D. head taller

( )18. Paris is one of _____ cities in the world.

A. more beautifully

B. more beautiful

C. the

most beautifully D. the most beautiful

( )19. Shanghai is the first _____ city in China.

A. big

B. biggest

C. the big

D. the biggest

( )20. -Mr Zhou, of all the students in our group, who lives ___?

-I think Li Lei does.

A. far

B. farther

C. farthest

D. the farther

( )21. Bob never does his homework _____ Mary, he makes lots of mistakes.

A. so careful as

B. as carefully as

C. carefully as

D. as careful as.

( )22. My sister is good at sports, She can jump ____ than me.

A. highest

B. very high

C. too high

D. much higher

( )23.The Yellow River is one of ___ in China.

A. the longest rivers

B. the longer river

C. the longest river

D. the long river ( )24.I don't feel ___ to go to work today. I'm ill.

A. good enough

B. well enough

C. enough well

D. enough good

( )25.Be quiet, class! I have ___ to tell you.

A. important anything

B. important something

C. anything important

D. something important

V、同义句转换

1. Math is the most difficult of all the subjects.

Math is ____ difficult than _____ other subject.

Math is _____ difficult than _____ other subjects.

2. Joe isn't as tall as Lucy..

Joe is _____ than Lucy.

3. Kate is 10 years old. Tom is 12 years old.

Kate is ____ _____ _____ _____ Tom.

Tom is ____ ______ _____ _____ Kate.

4.The bag is too expensive for me to buy.

The bag is _____ _____ ______for me to buy.

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形容词和副词 一.形容词 1.修饰名词,描述其性质、品质、特征等的词。一般“…的”的词都是形容词。 如:She is a beautiful girl. (漂亮的) 2.在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。 如:I have an interesting book. (interesting有趣的,修饰book,在句中作定语) We are happy today. (happy快乐的,在句中作表语) Students should keep their classroom clean and tidy.(clean干净的,tidy整洁的,在句中都作宾 语补足语) 3.多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时的排列顺序 限定词+外观类+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词(简记:县官行令色国才) 如:a tall 17-year-old black American boy. 一个17岁的高个子黑皮肤美国男孩。 the big round red wooden table. 又大又圆的红色木质饭桌。 二.副词: 1.通常修饰动词,表示动作的程度、方式等。还可修饰形容词、副词,有时修饰整个句子,在句中 作状语。一般“…地”的词都是副词。 如:You must listen to the teacher carefully.(仔细地,认真地) 2.副词的分类 1) 时间副词: now, today等 2)频度副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never 2) 地点副词:here, there, upstairs, downstairs等 3) 方式副词:carefully, fast, well, politely等 4) 程度副词: much, little, quite等 5) 疑问副词: how, when, where, why等 三.形容词转化成副词 1.一般在形容词后加ly, 如:quick-quickly 2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,变y为i, 加ly, 如:happy-happily 3.以ue 结尾的形容词,去e加ly, 如:true-truly 注:有些词兼有形容词和副词的词性,如:fast, hard, high, late, far等,它们的词性只有通过具体语境来判断。另外,有些以ly结尾的词不是副词,而是形容词,如:friendly, lovely lonely, lively等。四.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成

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形容词和副词 (一)形容词的基本功能及其在句子中的位置 说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。 1.形容词作定语,放在名词之前,不定代词之后。 e.g.The beautiful girl is my sister.那个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。 I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。 2.作表语,放在系动词之后。 e.g.Our school is big and clean.我们的学校又大又干净。 I felt terrible this morning.我今天早上感到不舒服。 3.作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。 e.g.You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。 I find it hard to travel around the big city.我发现在这个大城市旅行很难。 4.某些形容词放在定冠词之后,变成名词,表示一类人。常见词有good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,black/white,living/dead等。 e.g.The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。 The young should be polite to the old.年轻人应该对老年人有礼貌。 (二)形容词比较等级的构成:原级、比较级和最高级 规则变化 不规则变化

(三)形容词原级用法 1.说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。 The boy is too young. Math is very difficult.数学很难。 3.表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。 (1)肯定句中的结构:“A…+as+形容词原级+as+B” e.g.English is as interesting as Chinese.英语和语文一样有趣。 Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim.小明和吉姆一样高。 (2)否定句中的结构:“A…+as/so+形容词原级+as+B” e.g.This book isn’t as new as that one.这本书不如那本书新。 I am not so careful as Lucy.我没有露西仔细。 (3)表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A…+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构。(一次:once,两次:twice,三次以上:数字+times) e.g.Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的三倍。 This table is twice as long as that one.这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。 (四)形容词比较级用法 1.表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A…+比较级 +than+B”。 e.g.Li Lei’s room is bigger than mine.李雷的房间比我的大。 This mooncake is nicer than that one.这块月饼比那块好吃。 注意:为了避免重复,在从句中常用the one,that,those等词来替代前面出现过的名词。其中the one替代可数名词单数形式,the ones或those替代可数名词复数形式,that替代不可数名词。 e.g.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter. 北京的天气比广州的天气冷。 2.有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修饰时,用形容词比较级。 e.g.I feel even worse now.我现在觉得更难受了。 It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷得多。 3.表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Wh ich/Who is+形容词比较级,A or B?”表示。 e.g.Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao?李明和王涛哪一个高一些? Which sweater is more beautiful, the yellow one or the pink one? 哪一件毛衣更漂亮,黄色还是粉红色的? 4.表示“几倍于……”时,用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。 e.g.I am three years older than you.我比你大三岁。 5.表示“两者之间最……一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构。 e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins. Mary是双胞胎中的高个子。

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