英语：必修4 unit3 a taste of english humour知识点三点剖析(新人教版)

单词·巧记·典句·考点

slide［sla d］vt. &vi.（使）滑动；（使）滑行n.滑；滑动；幻灯片

【巧记提示】slide(滑行)→glide（流水）,在流水上滑行。

【经典例句】The book slid off my knee.书从我膝上滑落。

【考点聚焦】1)过去式：slid；过去分词：slid或slidden；现在分词：sliding。

2)与slide相关的一些短语：slide into（渐渐地；不知不觉地）进入;陷入（某种状态）；let...slide对……

放任不管；听任……自然发展

3）作“滑”讲时，slide与slip，glide的区别：

slide在一个光滑的表面持续地滑动；slip常指意外而不自主地滑动；glide与slide同义，但另有“滑翔”之意。

content [k tent] adj.满足的；满意的n. 满足vt. 使满足

【巧记提示】content(满意的)→context（文章脉络）,对文章脉络满意。

【经典例句】Her answer seems to content the teacher.看来老师对她的回答很满意。

【考点聚焦】1)近义词：contented；反义词：discontent

2)与content相关的一些词组：be (feel)content with以……为满足……；content oneself with 满意于；满足于；be well content to do sth.非常乐意做某事

3)content作动词时的用法：

content + to do sth.，如：She was not content to remain at home.她不满足于待在家里。

content + that从句，如：I’m more than content that they’ve done everything I asked.

他们做了我要他们做的一切，对此我心满意足。

4)content 作名词，除了“满足；满意”，还有“容量；含量；题材；内容；要旨”的意思。content作名词时的读音是[k tent]。

astonish [t] vt. 使惊讶

【巧记提示】as（像）+tonish(时髦的)，像这样的时髦让人惊讶。

【经典例句】I’m astonished that he didn’t pass the exam.他考试没有及格，这使我感到很惊讶。

【考点聚焦】1)同义词：amaze，surprise；名词：astonishment惊讶，固定搭配：to one’s astonishment让某人惊讶的是……

2)与astonish相关的一些用法:be astonished at sth.对某事感到惊讶，如：He was astonished at the news.他听到这个消息感到很吃惊。be astonished to see / learn...看到/ 得知……感觉很惊讶，如：He was astonished to see his father here.在这里见到他父亲他感到很吃惊。

be astonished + that从句，如：We are all greatly astonished (that)she has failed.她失败了，我们很惊讶。

3)形容词astonished与astonishing的区别：

astonished感到惊讶的,指人的主观感受；astonishing令人惊讶的，指事物本身的特征。

particular [p t] adj.特殊的；特别的n.细节；细目

【巧记提示】particular(特殊的)→participant（参与者），特殊的参与者。【经典例句】I’d like you to give us full particulars of what happened.我希望你能为我们提供事情的全部详情。

【考点聚焦】1)近义词:special;副词：particularly特别地

2)与particular相关的一些词组：in particular 特别；尤其be particular about 对于……（过于）讲究的；挑剔的；苛求的3)particular作形容词时与special的区别：

special 常指一般场合下的“特殊”，较普通；particular 常可与special通用，但含有个别的意味，强调特殊场合下的特殊情况。

throughout [ru a t] prep.遍及；贯穿adv.到处；始终；全部

【巧记提示】through（彻底）+ out（外面的）【经典例句】Words and images are being sent throughout the world by mobile phones.文字和图像正通过移动电话传遍全世界。【考点聚焦】1)作介词时，常见的搭配有：

我的记忆卡

throughout the day 整天throughout one’s life 终生

throughout history 在整个历史上throughout the century 整个世纪

throughout the country（遍及）全国throughout the night 整个晚上

2)throughout 作副词时，常用于句尾。如：

The house is painted throughout.这所房子全部油漆了一遍。

failure [fe lj] n. 失败（者）；破产；不及格

【巧记提示】fail(失败)+- ure（名词后缀）【经典例句】Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。

【考点聚焦】1）反义词：success ；动词：fail 失败

2)与fail相关的一些词组：fail in失败；不及格；不足；缺乏fail + to do sth.（表示否定）不能；没有，如：I failed to persuade him.= I failed in persuading him.我没能说服他。without fail 必定；务必

3)形容词failing 与failed的区别：failing指“失败中的；不及格的；减弱（或衰退）中的”，如：

failing marriage瓦解中的婚姻；failing health每况愈下的健康状况；failed指“失败了的；不成功的；破产了的；倒闭了的”，如： a failed candidate 落选的候选人； a failed firm 倒闭的公司

overcome [v k m] vt. & vi.战胜；克服；征服

【巧记提示】over(越过)+ come（到达）,越过困难，到达胜利。

【经典例句】We should learn to overcome difficulties.我们应该学会克服困难。

【考点聚焦】1)overcome常用在被动语态中表示“（感情等）压倒；使受不了”。常和by，with搭配。如：The child was overcome by weariness and slept.孩子疲倦之极，睡着了。He was overcome with astonishment.他惊异万状。

2)over-作前缀时可表示以下含义：过度；太甚,如：overstudy 用功过度；overtalk过分多言在……上；在……外；从……上；越过，如：Overbridge 天桥；overcoat 外衣；overfly 飞跃；oversea(s)海外

颠倒；反转，如：overthrow 推翻；overturn 倾倒；倾覆3)overcome的过去式和过去分词分别是overcame 和overcome；现在分词是overcoming。

fortunate [f t n t] adj.幸运的；吉利的

【巧记提示】fortun(e)（财富；运气)+ -ate(形容词后缀)

【经典例句】I was fortunate to have passed the exam.我能通过这次考试真是幸运。

【考点聚焦】1）近义词：lucky;反义词: unfortunate；名词：fortune运气；命运；财富；副词：fortunately 幸运地；幸亏2)与fortunate相关的一些用法：be fortunate in 在……方面很幸运如：He was fortunate in having such nice friends.他真幸运，有这样好的朋友。fortunate + to do sth.如：You are very fortunate to have found such a pleasant house.你真幸运，找到这么好的房子。

fortunate + that 从句，如：It’s very fortunate (th at)we have Emma here.真幸运，爱玛和我们在一起。

mouthful [ma f l] adj.一口；满口

【巧记提示】mouth（口)+ful（形容词后缀）

【经典例句】I took only a mouthful of food and then went to school.

我只吃了一口饭就上学去了。

【考点聚焦】1)名词：mouth口；嘴; mouth 的复数形式是mouths，读音是\。

2)-ful是一个后缀，加在名词之后，表示“充满……的”。类似的还有handful，cupful，dishful，spoonful，boatful，houseful，armful等。

direct [d(a)rekt] vt. & vi.导演；指示；指挥

adj. 径直的；直接的；直率的adv. 直接地

【巧记提示】direct（指挥）→correct（正确的），指挥是正确的。

【经典例句】He directed many Shakespearean plays in London.

他在伦敦导演过许多莎士比亚的戏剧。

【考点聚焦】1)近义词：straight;反义词：（作形容词时）indirect

名词：direction 方向；方面；director 指导者；directory 姓名地址录副词：directly直接地

2)direct作动词时的一些用法：direct + 宾语+ 不定式，如：

The general directed the troops to attack.将军命令部队进攻。

direct + that 从句，如：The general directed that an advance (should)be made the next morning.

将军命令部队第二天早上向前推进。3)副词direct与directly的区别：

direct的意思是径直地、直接地。如：You must go direct to see a doctor.你必须直接去看医生。（意思是不要耽搁）directly着重对事物的直接影响，不着重实际距离。如：

She has never spoken directly about Tom.她从不直接谈论汤姆。（意思是她较为含蓄）

star [st(r)]vt. & vi.标上星号

【经典例句】I’ve starred the important articles to read.我已经给要阅读的重要文章标了星号。

【考点聚焦】1)star作动词时的其他一些用法:演主角；主演,如：

She is to star in a new film.她将在一部新影片中出任主角。（常用被动语态）用星（星状物）装饰，如：There is a lawn starred with white flowers in her garden. 她的花园里有一块草地，草地上星星点点地长着白花。2)star 的过去式和过去分词都是starred；现在分词是starring。

fortune [f t u n] n. 富有；财富；运气；幸运

【巧记提示】for（因为）+tune（和谐），因为和谐所以幸运。【经典例句】Fortune smiled on us.幸运

之神垂青我们。【考点聚焦】1)和fortune相关的一些词组：

have good (bad)fortune 运气好（不好）；make one’s fortune 发财；发迹2)fortune 作“财富；财产”解时是可数名词；作“运气；幸运”解时是不可数名词。

swing [sw] vt. & vi.摇摆；摆动；旋转n. 秋千；摇摆；摆动

【巧记提示】s+wing(翅膀)，摆动像蛇（s）一样的翅膀。

【经典例句】The lamp swung in the wind.灯在风中摇摆。

【考点聚焦】1)swing作动词时，常常用swing + 宾语+ 副词／介词的结构。如：

They swung themselves down from the top of the wall.他们从墙头翻下。

2)swing的过去式和过去分词都是swung；现在分词是swinging。

短语·巧记·典句·考点

bump into 碰；撞；偶然遇见

【巧记提示】bump(撞击)+into(进入)→碰

【经典例句】In the dark，I bumped into a chair.黑暗中，我撞上了椅子。

【考点聚焦】1)作“遇见”解时，近义词组knock into，come across。

2)bump既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词。作不及物动词，表示“碰，撞”时，后面常跟against或into。That truck bumped our car.那辆卡车撞了我们的车。（及物动词）Her arm bumped against the table.她的胳膊撞上了桌子。

at times有时候

【巧记提示】at(在)+times(次数)，在一定的次数→有时

【经典例句】I found physics difficult to understand at times.我发现物理有时很难理解。

【考点聚焦】1)近义词：sometimes

2)与time相关的一些词组：

我的记忆卡

at one time一度；过去曾经at a time一次；每次或“在某个时候”at all times一直；无论何时，相当于

at any times。at the same time同时；但（与此同时），尽管如此at the / that time 那时候

badly off 穷的；缺少的

【巧记提示】badly(严重地)＋off(隔断)，严重地隔断→缺少的

【经典例句】The school was then badly off for teachers.当时学校缺少教师。

【考点聚焦】1)反义词：well off 富裕的；富有的；富有……的；有许多……的,

比较级：worse off （境况更差），worse off的反义词：better off（境况更佳）

2)比较级worse off和better off常常与than，rather than 搭配使用。如：

I went to his home and found his living condition was worse off than mine.

on the edge of 在……边缘

【巧记提示】on(在……上)＋the+edge(为沿)＋of(……的)

【经典例句】He sat on the edge of a chair.他坐在椅子的边缘。

【考点聚焦】1)近义词组：on the border of

2)on the edge of还可引申为“即将；濒于”。如：

She was on the edge of screaming at the sight of a snake.

一看到蛇，她几乎叫起来。

3) -edged表示“有……刃（或锋）的，有……边（或棱）”的。如：

a sharp-edged blade（锋利的刀刃）；a blue-edged handkerchief（蓝边的手绢）

pick up拿起；捡起；拾起

【巧记提示】pick(捡)＋up(起)

【经典例句】He picked up his book and began to read.他拿起书开始读。

【考点聚焦】1)反义词组：put down（放下）

2)pick up除了“拿起；捡起；拾起”外，还有一些其他含义,如：

We picked up the conversation from where we had left it.

我们从中断的地方重新开始会谈。（重新开始，继续）

The train stopped to pick up passengers.火车停下来搭乘客。（用车接人或物，中途搭乘）

cut off 切断；断绝

【巧记提示】cut(切)＋off(隔断)【经典例句】She cut off my apology.她打断了我的道歉。

【考点聚焦】1)cut的过去式和过去分词都是cut，现在分词是cutting。2)与cut相关的一些词组：我的记忆卡

cut across 抄近路穿过；取捷径通过cut down 砍倒；削减；减少cut sb.short 打断某人（的话）cut sth.short 剪（切、割等）短某物；使某事缩短；使某事中断

star in 担任主角；主演

【巧记提示】star(演主角;主演)+ in(在……里)

【经典例句】He starred in dozens of films during his lifetime.

他一生主演过几十部电影。

【考点聚焦】1)同义词组：play the lead in。

2)star也可作及物动词，意为“以……为主角”。如：The director wanted to star her in the new film.

导演想让她在这部新影片中担任主角。

knock into 撞上；撞见；偶然遇见

【巧记提示】knock（碰；撞）＋into(进入)

【经典例句】He knocked into his teacher in the street yesterday.

昨天在大街上他偶然遇到了他的老师。

【考点聚焦】1)同义词组：bump into，run into，come across

表示“（偶然）遇见”，还可用以下形式表达：

happen to meet...，meet...by chance，chance to meet...

2)除了表示“偶然遇见”外，knock into还表示“撞着某人（物）”。如：

The boy ran for the ball and knocked into a man.

这个男孩跑过去接球，撞着一个人。

deal with对付；应付；处理；安排

【巧记提示】deal(处理)+with (用)

【经典例句】Deal with a man as he deals with you.以其人之道，还治其人之身。

【考点聚焦】1)近义词组：do with

2)deal with还有其他含义：和……打交道，与……交往，如：

The teachers should deal fairly with their students.老师应公平对待学生。论述，涉及，如：

The book deals with ancient Greece.这本书论述到古希腊。

3)deal with与do with的区别:

do with也可表示“处理；安排”，常常与can / could 连用。

但与疑问词连用时，do with应使用what连用，而deal with与how连用。

句子·剖析·拓展

Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin，bumping into someone else round a corner，or falling down a hole in the road?

当你看到有人踩上香蕉皮滑倒，或看到有人在拐角处撞到另人身上，或看到有人掉进路中的一个洞里时，

你会觉得滑稽可笑吗？

【剖析】1）这个句子是一般疑问句。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to see someone sliding on a banana skin，bumping into someone else round a corner，or falling down a hole in the road。其中，sliding...，bumping...，falling...都是动词的-ing形式，用作宾语补足语。

2）当动词不定式作句子的宾语，同时有一个形容词同宾语在一起时，我们常用it 作形式宾语。

这个句子包含两个短语结构：

1)find it...to do 意为“发现做（某事）很……”。

2)see sb.doing sth.“看见某人做某事”。

在一些表示感官和心理状态的动词，如see，notice，hear，find等后面，通常用动词-ing 形式或不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。动词-ing 形式常表示动作正在进行。

However，some actors can astonish us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they are playing.

不管怎样，有些演员能用他们所演的角色在我们身上鼓动起来的深深情感震撼我们。

【剖析】这个句子中有两个定语从句：第一个they can inspire in us...修饰the deep feeling；第二个they are playing修饰a character。

【拓展】1)动词inspire的用法：

inspire sb.(with sth.)用……鼓舞某人

inspire sth.in sb.激起某人心中的某事（情感）

inspire sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事

2)形容词inspired 与inspiring的区别:

inspired 指“得到灵感的；受到鼓舞的”,指人的内心感受；

inspiring指“鼓舞人心的”，指事物本身的特征。

He became famous for using a particular form of acting，including mime and farce.

他因为使用一种特殊的表演风格而闻名，这种风格包括哑剧和轻喜剧。

【剖析】1）这是一个简单句。using a particular form of acting，including mime and farce作介词for的宾语。

其中的including mime and farce可看作是表示补充说明的介词短语。

2)including一般看作是介词，including短语可位于句首或句末，也可位于句中。

【拓展】be famous for 与be famous as的区别:

be famous for 因为……而出名,如：The place is famous for green tea.这个地方以绿茶而出名。

be famous as 作为……而出名，如：He was famous as a leading scientist.他作为首席科学家而闻名。

This character was a social failure but he was loved by all who watched the films for his determination in

overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him.

这个角色是个社会生活中的失败者，但是所有观众都喜爱这个角色，因为他有战胜困难的决心并能善待不

善待他的人。

【剖析】1)这是由but 引导的表示转折关系的并列句。在but分句中又包含一个由who引导的定语从句和

一个由when引导的时间状语从句。

2)but分句中by短语和for短语都可看成是谓语动词be loved的搭配，分别交代了他被谁爱戴以及为什么被爱戴。其中，for的宾语是his determination in overcoming difficulties 和being kind even when people were unkind to him。

He makes it seem as if it were one of the most delicious meals that he has ever enjoyed.

他把吃皮鞋的情景表演得像是他吃过的最香的一顿饭。

【剖析】1)句中as if引导的从句作表语从句，意为“仿佛；好像”，用了虚拟语气。

2)that he has ever enjoyed是定语从句，修饰meals。在这个句子中，因为meals被最高级the most delicious 修

饰，所以只能用that，不能用which。

【拓展】1)as if从句中的内容有时有主观想像或夸大性的比喻，此时从句中常用虚拟语气。其时态用法如

下：

从句情况发生在主句之前，用过去完成时。如：

He looks as if he had met a ghost.他看起来像见了鬼似的。

从句情况与主句同时发生，用一般过去时或过去进行时。如：

He talks to me as if he were/was my leader.

他跟我说起话来就好像他是我的领导似的。

从句情况发生在主句之后，用过去将来时。如：

The black sky looks as if it would fall.

漆黑的天空好像是要塌下来似的。

注意：如果从句的内容发生的可能性很大，则不需要用虚拟语气。

2)that在定语从句中可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。注意在下面几种情况下必须用that

引导定语从句：

先行词是不定代词all，few，little，much，something，nothing，anything 等。如：

All that we have to do is to practice every day.我们每天必须都做的就是练习。

先行词被序数词和形容词最高级所修饰。如：

The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.

我永远不会忘记我学的第一课。

先行词被all，any，every，each，few，little，no，some等修饰。如：

I have read all the books (that)you gave me.我读完了你给我的所有的书。

先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last 修饰时。如：

He is the only person that I want to talk to.他是我惟一想交谈的人。

先行词既有人又有物时。如：

They talked of things and persons that they remembered.

他们谈起了记忆中的人和事。

当句中已有who时，为避免重复。如：

Who is the man that is talking to John?那个和约翰说话的人是谁？

用作关系代词，修饰表示时间的名词如day，time，moment 等，代替when。例如：

It happened on the day that / when I was born.这件事发生在我出生的那天。

How hungry would you have to be to eat a shoe?

要吃鞋子充饥，这该是饿到什么程度了？

【剖析】这是一个特殊疑问句。主句是How hungry would you have to be，动词不定式短语to eat a shoe用

作结果状语。

【拓展】句中的you是泛指，相当于a person，anyone，one，意思是“任何一个人”。如：

You have to be careful with people you don’t know.对陌生人要小心。

了火车，消失了。

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