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一、单选题。

1.The scholars who put forward interaction hypothesis hold ________.

A) language acquisition is a process of “stimulus-response”.

B) humans are predisposed to acquire a language.

C) human’s linguistic potentiality must be comb ined with the environment.

D) human’s linguistic environment can be ignored as long as humans have language acquisition device.

2.American Black English is _______.

A) a social variety B) a regional variety

C) a combination of social and regional dialect. D) a temporal dialect

3.According to Basil Bernstein, elaborated code is extensively used by _________.

A) middle class people and their children.

B) working-class people and their children.

C) both middle class and working class people

D) parents of children without any distinction of social background.

4. Read the following two sentences and decide what kind of error the learner

commits in the second sentence:

He practiced English a lot last month. (1)

*She comed back home early yesterday. (2)

The error in the second sentence belongs to the category of ___________.

A) mother tongue interference B) overgeneralization

C) cross-association D) performance error

5.In the Semantic Triangle advance d by Ogden and Richards, “thought or reference” is ______.

A) word, sentence B) the object C) concept D) symbol

6.The word “laze” is an example of _______ in word formation.

A) acronym B) blending C) functional shift D) back formation

7. Pragmatics is a study of ________.

A) language learning B) language acquisition

C) language planning D) language in use

8. A linguist is interested in _________.

A) what is said B) what is right both in syntax and in semantics

C) what is grammatical D) what ought to be said

9. In English elements in construction are generally _______.

A) linear B) continuous C) discontinuous D) endocentric

10. __________ is a sound produced by bringing the tip of the tongue into

contact with the upper teeth to create the obstruction.

A) An alveolar B) A bilabial C) A palatal D) A dental

二、名词解释

1.linguistic universals

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ed13926557.html,nguage acquisition device:

3.cultural diffusion

4.suggestopedia:

5.polysemy

6.utterance meaning:

7.coinage 8.articulatory phonetics:

9.endocentric construction 10.structural change:

三、判断

1.According to Chomsky, the word “competence” is not limited to the ability of an ideal native speaker to construct and recognize grammatical sentences in his language.

2.Eskimos have countless words for snow because snow is so common in their culture that they regard it far less important.

3.Plato and Aristotle argued that the categories of thought determined the categories of language.

4.Audiolingualism, contrary to American structuralism and behaviorist psychology, emphasizes the importance of regular patterns.

5.People in the west tend to verbalize their gratitude and compliments less than Chinese speakers.

6.It is unlikely that there is a prelinguistic stage when babies just babble.

7.When varieties are classified in terms of use, they are called registers.

8.From sociological view we can derive meaning from context.

9.The relationship between “alligator” and “reptile” is homonymy.

10.Denotation id the additional meaning than an expression carries while often shows people’s attitudes or emotions towards the subjects being talked about.

11.Speech act theory was proposed by Austin and has been developed by Grice.

12.A language is weakened when it borrows large numbers of words from other languages.

13.Searle suggests 5 basic categories of illocutionary acts as follows:

assertives, commissives, expressives, informatives and declarations.

14.There is a single cause of language change.

15.Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.

16.Spoken utterances share some common linguistic features with written utterances.

17.A small set of rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, all of which are idiomatic.

18.IC analysis shows linear relationship, so it helps to account for the ambiguity of certain constructions.

19.Linguists are interested in the sounds that convey meaning in human linguistic communication.

20.Simply speaking, a morpheme can be defined as a minimal unit of meaning.

四、问答

1.Of all the theories you have learned on language acquisition, which one seems to you most reasonable? Why?

2.Point out the marked differences between sociolinguistic study and traditional linguistic studies.

3.How does the following exchange of conversation illustrate the Politeness Principle?

A: We’ll miss Bill and Agatha, won’t you?

B: Well, we’ll miss BILL.

4.What is the distinction between sense and reference?

5.How do you tell compounds from the noncompounded word sequence?

6.What are the two criteria suggested by Chomsky for judging grammar?

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1.3考研真题与典型题详解 I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be called ______ features. (北二外2006研) 2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研) 3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication. 4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences ba sed on limited rules. This feature is usually termed______ 5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______. 6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rul es for people to observe. 7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing. 8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研) 9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______. (北二外2004研) 10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研) 11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研) 12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a lang uage, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研) 13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relations hip between language and society. 14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研) 15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utteran ces) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguistic linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研) 16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study. 17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s______. 18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”, whi ch is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking，listening， writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors. 19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研) 20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研) II. Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院2008研) A. Arbitrariness B. Convention C. Duality 2.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研) A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as______. A. unnatural B. something to be feared C. natural D. abnormal 4. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, d ue to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability. B. Duality. C. Displacement. D. Arbitrariness: 5. The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with______. (大连外国语学院2008研) A. articulatory phonetics B. acoustic phonetics C. auditory phonetics 6. Which of the following statements is true of Jacobson’s framework of language functions? A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake. B. The emotive function is to convey message and inf ormation. C. The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanings. D. The phatic function is to establish communion w ith others.