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英美文学试卷

I.Fill in the blanks. 15%

1.Shakespeare’s complete works include 37 plays, two narrative poems and 154 sonnets.

2.In Elizabethan Period, Francis Bacon wrote many excellent essays, such as Of Studies.

3.Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems, one is Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, and the

other is Don Juan.

4.The publication of Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge

marked the beginning of the Romantic Age in English literature.

5.John Keats wrote a number of well-known odes. In one of his famous odes he declares his

idea of beauty. He claims that beauty is truth and truth is beauty. The title of this famous ode is Ode to Grecian Urn.

6.Mr. Peggotty and Steerforth are two characters in Charles Dickens’ novel David Copperfield.

7.William Makepeace Thackeray’s first literature success came with a series of satirical

sketches entitled V anity Fair, published in 1846-1847.

8.Oscar Wilde is the representative among the writers of aestheticism and decadence. The

Picture of Dorian Gray is a typical decadent novel written by him.

9.The Title of James Joyce’s fiction Ulysses shows that the author intends to model his fiction

on the Homeric story of Odyssey.

10.Author: D. H. Lawrence Title: The Rocking Horse Winner

Uncle Oscar took both Basset and Paul into Richmond Park for an afternoon, and there they talked.

11.W. B. Yeats can be regarded as an Irish national poet. All his life is engaged in the

rejuvenation of the Irish culture. He organized the Rhymer’s club and launched the Abbey Theater.

12.Author: William Golding; Title: Lord of the Flies

And in the middle of them, with filthy body, matted hair, and unwiped nose, Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man’s heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy.

13.Author: E. M. Forster: Title: The Road from Colonus

For no very intelligible reason, Mr. Lucas had hurried ahead of his party. He was perhaps reaching the age at which independence becomes valuable, because it is so soon to be lost. 14.Thomas Hardy is an outstanding realist in English literature. He himself classified his novels

into three groups: Romances and Fantasies, Novels of Ingenuity, and Novels of Character and Environment.

15.Gulliver’s Travels is Jonathan Swift’s greatest satirical works of world literature. It consists of

four voyages, respectively to Liliput, Brobdingnag, Laputa and Houyhnhnms.

16.William Blake is a precursor of Romanticism in English poetry. His most famous works are

Songs of Innocence (1789) and Songs of Experience (1794). These two volumes reflect two widely different views of the human soul.

17.D. H. Lawrence is one of the great English novelists of the twentieth century. He wrote

chiefly about the relationship between parents and children, the passion between men and women, the ugliness mammonism, and sham morality of modern industrialized society.

Among his best novels are Sons and Lovers (1913) and Lady Chatterley’s Lover (1928). 18.Author: Virginia Woolf; Title: The Duchess and the Jeweler

Olive Bacon lived at the top of a house overlooking the Green Park. He had a flat; chairs

jutted out at the right angles—chairs covered in hide.

19．Author: William Butler Yeats Title: The Lake Isle of Innisfree

I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,

And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made:

II.Explain the following terms. 20% 10考5

1.Epic: It is, originally, an oral narrative poem, majestic both in theme and style. Epics deal with

legendary or historical events of national or universal significance, involving actions of broad sweep and grandeur. Most epics deal with the exploits of a single individual, thereby giving unity to the composition. Great epics include The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer.

2.Renaissance literature: Renaissance literature refers to a new tradition running from Petrarch

and Boccaccio in Italy to Jonson and Milton in England, embracing the work of Spencer and Shakespeare, marked by a new self-confidence in vernacular literatures, a flourishing of lyric poetry, and a revival of such classical forms as epic and pastoral literature.

3.Tragedy: A tragedy us a story that presents courageous individuals who confront powerful

forces within or outside themselves with a dignity that reveals the breadth and depth of the human spirit in the face of culture, defeat and even death. Tragedies recount an individual’s downfall; they usually begin high and end low. Shakespeare is known for his tragedies, including Macbeth, King Lear, Othello and Hamlet.

4.Sonnet: Sonnet is a lyric poem of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked

by an intricate rhyme scheme. There are two major patterns of rhyme in sonnets written in the English language: 1) The Italian or Petrachan sonnet falls into two main parts: an octave rhyming abbaabba usually followed by sestet rhyming cdecde. 2) Shakespearean sonnet falls into three quatrains and a concluding couplet: abab cdcd efef gg.

5.English enlightenment: With the advent of the 18th century in England, there sprang into life a

progressive intellectual movement as the Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. The enlighteners in Britain were those great writers like Alexander Pope, Joesph Addison, Jonathan Swift and Samuel Johnson.

6.Gothic novel: It is a type of romantic fiction that predominated the late eighteenth century. Its

principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the readers’ emotion. With the description of the dark, irrational side of human nature, the Gothic form has exerted a great influence over the writers of the Romantic period.

7.English critical realism: English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties

and in the early fifties. The critical realists described with much vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint. The greatest English realist of the time was Charles Dickens and William Thackeray.

8.The stream of consciousness: Coined by William James in Principles of Psychology (1890) to

describe the flow of inner experience, the term in literature refers to the depiction of the thoughts and feelings which flow, with no apparent logic, through the mind of a character. To create the effect of the chaotic that we recognize in reality, the writer presents the seemingly random mingling of thoughts, feelings, and sense impressions of a character at a specific time.

The style became influential after it was used by James Joyce in Ulysses. The technique has also been used by such distinguished 20th-century authors as Virginia Woolf and William

Faulkner.

9.Modernism: The term modernism is widely used to identify new and distinctive features in the

subjects, forms, concepts, and styles of literature in the early decades of the 20th century, but especially after World War I. The catastrophe of the war had shaken faith in the moral basis, coherence, and durability of Western civilization and raised doubts about the adequacy of traditional literary modes to represent the harsh and dissonant realities of postwar world. The best-known English modernists are T.S. Eliot, James Joyce, and Virginia Woolf.

10.Romanticism: A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music and art in Western

culture during most of the 19th century, beginning as a revolt against classism. Emotionally it expressed an extreme assertion of the self and the value of individual experience together with the sense of infinite and the transcendental.

III.Quotation 20% 3考2

Passage 1

A: I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions; fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer as a Christian is? If you prick us do we not bleed? If you tickle us do we not laugh? If you poison us do we not die? And if you wrong us shall we not revenge? If we are like you in the rest, we will resemble you in that. If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge. The villainy you teach me I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction.

1.Give a brief anal ysis of Shylock’s monologue in The Merchant of Venice.

Shylock begins by eloquently reminding the Venetians that all people, even those who are not part of the majority culture, are human. A Jew, he reasons, is equipped with the same faculties as a Christian, and is therefore subject to feeling the same pains and comforts and emotions. Instead of using reason to elevate himself above his Venetian tormenters, Shylock delivers a monologue that allows him to sink to their level: he will, he vows, behave as villainously as they have.

2. Make comments on the heroines in William Shakespeare’s comedies.

In William Shakespeare’s comedies we find an expression of his ungrudging attitude toward women. These plays show, in different ways, William Shakespeare’s respect for the dignity, honesty, wit, courage, determination and resourcefulness of women.Portia in The Merchant of Venice is the best example. She is a woman of the Renaissance, beautiful, prudent, cultured, courteous, and capable of rising to an emergency.Th e young heroines in Shakespeare’s comedies are always independent in character and take their own way of life. They are no longer the women who, under the yoke of feudalism, cling about the neck of a father or a husband. They are capable to defend themselves.

Passage 2

1.Discuss the linguistic features of William Blake’s London.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e614178811.html,pare the poem with William Wordsworth’s Composed Upon Westminster Bridge.

Passage 3:

It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be

in want of a wife.

However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of someone or other of their daughters.

Questions

1.From which novel is this passage taken from? Who is the author of this novel?

Pride and Prejudice ; Jane Austen

2.Make comments on the writer’s chief artistic features.

Jane Austen never touched upon the class conflicts of her time, and in her works the extremes of wealth and poverty are unknown, she restricted her subject matter to a narrow range of society and events: a quiet, prosperous middle-class circle in provincial surroundings. However, she treated this material with such subtlety of observation, depth of psychological penetration and delicacy of touch that she is ranked among the best of English novelists. Her works show a wealth of character studies; and abundant in wit, humor and charm. She knew how to sketch figures with so pure and suggestive a pen that they stand out in a strong and unforgettable relief.

IV.Essay questions 30% 3选2

1.Thomas Hardy’s novels, particularly the later ones, are marked by a grim determinism

shading into pessimism but this is balanced by acute social criticism and a deep sympathy with the plight of the human individual in an indifferent and godless universe. Discuss one of such novels by Hardy.

Tess of D’rbervilles is one of the best and most popular works of Hardy. It depicts a tragic story of a beautiful, innocent peasant girl, Tess. As a pure woman brought up with the traditional ideal of womanly virtues, Tess is abused and destroyed by both Alex and Angel, agents of the destructive force of society. And the poverty and the heartfelt pain she suffers and her final tragedy give rise to a most bitter cry of protest and denunciation of the society. Actually, this novel is a fierce attack on the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society and the capitalist invasion into the country and destruction of the English peasantry towards the end of the century. In a way, Tess seems to be led to her final destruction step by step by fate. Coincidence adds one “wrong” to another until she is caught up in a dead end. Though determinism seems to have played an important role in this work, there is also bitter and sharp criticism and even open challenge of the irrational, hypocritical and unfair Victorian conventions and morals which strangle the individual will and destroy natural human emotions and relationships. Tess is a tragic figure because he is not accepted by the society in which agriculture is menaced by the forces of invading capitalism. Thomas Hardy created the heroin Tess just to criticize the society in his time.

2. William Golding is said to be the master of symbolism. What is the symbolic meaning of his novel Lord of the Flies (1954)?

Lord of the Flies is an allegorical novel which discusses how culture created by man fails, using as an example of a group of schoolboys on a deserted island who try to govern themselves, but with disastrous results. William Golding is a genuinely serious writer who holds a strong pessimistic view towards human nature. His primary aim in his novel is to reveal this evil as a destructive force in man. Golding is also a religious writer, emphasizing Original Sin in the Puritan tradition. His fame has been in part due to his inventiveness in realistic fantasy, his

richness in biblical symbolism, and his disposition to use the novel as a fable. The title of the novel is said to be a reference to the Hebrew name of Beelzebub, “god of the fly”, a name sometimes used as a synonym for Satan. The title of the book has itself become a metaphor for a powerful struggle in a chaotic situation. The theme of Lord of the Flies is an attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature. Golding delineates how the boys isolated on an island quickly degenerate into a society of primitive society. The symbolic meaning is the more disturbing because childhood is an emblem of the innocence of mankind. This pessimistic viewpoint reflects the mood of British intellectuals of Post-World War II period.

3.What does “Araby” mean? Discuss the themes of the story.

The story by James Joyce deals with longing for adventure and escape, though this longing finds a focus in the object of the narrator’s desire. The title itself, “Araby”, also suggests escape. Araby is a romantic term for the Middle East which symbolizes decadence, exotic delights, escapism and a luxurious sensuality. The boy’s erotic desire for the girl becomes joined to his fantasy about the wonders that will be offered in the bazaar. Frustration is another theme of the story. The protagonist has a series of romantic ideas, about the girl and the wondrous event that he will attend on her behalf. But on the night when he awaits his uncle’s return so that he can go to the bazaar, the boy’s frustration mounts. When he finally does arrive, the bazaar is more or less over. His fantasies about the bazaar and buying a great gift for the girl are revealed as ridiculous. The bazaar is rather a shadow of the boy’s dreams. Though his anticipation of the event has provided him with pleasant daydreams, reality is much harsher. He remains a prisoner of his modest means and city.

英语专业-英美文学试卷及答案-期末

英美文学试卷A 共9页第 I. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). (10 x 1’=10’) 1. ( ) Chaucer is the first English short-story teller and the founder of English poetry as well as the founder of English realism. His masterpiece The Canterbury tales contains 26 stories. 2. ( ) English Renaissance is an age of essay and drama. 3. ( ) The rise of the modern novel is closely related to the rise of the middle class and an urban life. 4. ( ) The French Revolution and the American War of Independence were two big influences that brought about the English Romantic Movement. 5. ( ) Charlotte’s novels are all about lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for life and love. Her novels are more or less based on her own experience and feelings and the life as she sees around. 6. ( ) The leading figures of the naturalism at the turn of 19th century are Thomas Hardy, John Galsworthy and Bernard Shaw. 7. ( ) Emily Dickinson is remembered as the “All American Writer”. 8. ( )The Civil War divides the American literature into romantic literature and realist literature. 9. ( ) Mark Twain is the first American writer to discover an American language and American consciousness.

《研究生英语英美文学欣赏》课程简介

《研究生英语英美文学欣赏》课程简介课程编号：课程名称：研究生英语英美文学欣赏学时与学分：34学时/1学分时间：2013-2 ---- 2013-7 教学对象：全日制非英语专业研究生教师：刘晓燕等课程描叙一、课程性质和任务本课程的目的是为培养理解和鉴赏英国和美国文学原著的能力而设置一门选修课程，旨在使学生掌握英国和美国文学源流和发展的基础上，通过阅读代表性的英国和美国文学作品，理解作品的内容，学会分析作品的艺术特色，并努力掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法，增强对作品中表现的社会生活和人物感情的理解，提高语言基本功和阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平，提升整体人文素质。本课程的主要内容包括英国和美国文学史上代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读，结合英国和美国文学各个历史断代的主要历史背景，文学文化思潮和流派，社会政治、经济、文化等对英国和美国文学史上最具有影响、最具有代表性的作家的作品中的艺术特色、主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格和思想意义等进行深入地分析。本课程主要为英美文学欣赏课，课堂讲授与研讨相结合。教师布置学生课前对作家生平、历史背景、和阅读材料进行研究，课堂上进行重点阅读和分析。本课程要求学生大量阅读，结合课堂上所讲授的英美文学的基本知识点和文学理论批评方法，体会经典文学作品的语言精妙之处、人物塑造方法、情节架构、文学修辞手法、写作技巧等等，并进而了解历史时代背景、文化知识、社会政经形势等。此外，本课程还要求学生能积极参与课堂讨论，鼓励新观点和新视角，能运用文学理论批评方法研究作品，学期中将不定期地布置相关作业，学期末将以学术论文的形式考查学习效果。二、课程的教学内容及学时分配第1学时英国文艺复兴时期简介重点：文艺复兴；人文主义；主要作家和艺术特色第2-3学时莎士比亚（I）（II）重点：要重点理解莎士比亚思想和创作风格的变化，了解莎士比亚十四行诗的特点，品味莎士比亚作品的特色，能够对莎士比亚部分作品进行现代阐释。第4学时弗朗西斯·培根和约翰·多恩重点：理解培根的“论学习”的主要内容和修辞手法的运用；理解玄学派诗歌在16、17世纪的发展，其文艺宗旨与当时的文艺思潮的区别。

全国2014年4月自考英美文学选读真题

绝密★考试结束前全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题课程代码：00604 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。全部题目用英文作答。选择题部分注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet. 1. Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature with his ______ plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems. A. 27 B. 38 C.47 D. 52 2. john Milton’s literary achievement can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the last ______. A. romances B. dramas C. great poems D. ballads 3. The novels of ______ are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower— class people. A. John Milton B. Daniel Defoe C. Henry Fielding D. Jonathan Swift

英美文学欣赏考题整理及答案

Part One：English Poetry 1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18 ?Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer?s day? And who could `thee` be? Because summer?s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love. ?What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain why? Warm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May. ?How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? Thee is more beautiful than summer. ?What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more fair than summer and immortal? Because humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal. ?What figures of speech are used in this poem? Simile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on . ?What is the theme of the poem? Love conquers all, Beauty lives on. 2. Thomas Nashe Spring ?Read the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearing words, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images. There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!” The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit，”impressions me most because of the harmony of the people?s relationship. ?Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poem? In the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a spring breeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V , R , L , and θconsonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow. Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [ i : ]. 3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning ?What is a “valediction” any way? Is the speaker in the poem about to die? Why does the speaker forbid mourning? No, it is about the lover s?separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife?s love is sacred, he didn?t hope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the ordinary and mundane.

自考英美文学选读要点总结第一章

Chapter I The Renaissance Period Definitions of the Literary Terms: 文艺复兴时期的界定 1. The Renaissance: The Renaissance marks a transition from the medie val to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14 th & 17th centuries. 历史文化背景It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture & literature. From Italy the movement went to emb race the rest of Europe. The Renaissance, which means "rebirth" or "reviva l," is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the re-discovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture, the new discoverie s in geography & astrology, the religious reformation & the economic expa nsion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence is a historical period in whic h the European humanist thinkers & scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that e xpressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, & to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. 2. 文艺复兴到英国比较晚的原因The Renaissance was slow in reaching Englan d not only becaus e o f England?s separation from the Continent but also be cause of its domestic unrest. It was not until the reign of Henry VIII that the Renaissance really began to show its effect in England. With Henry VII I?s encouragement the Oxford reformers, scholars and humanists introduc ed classical literature to England. 15th century, began the English Renaissa nce, which was perhaps England?s Golden Age, especially in literature. 人文主义H umanism: Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient author s and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its consci ous, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on s uch a conception that man is the measure of all things. Through the new l earning, humanists not only saw the arts of splendor and enlightenment, b ut the human values represented in the works. Renaissance humanists fou nd in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see th at human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfections, and that the world they inhabited was thei rs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizin g the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the bea uty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wond ers. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the b est representatives of the English humanists. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimi lation.

英美文学史期末考试资料

Comment on Walden In 1845, Thoreau decided to conduct an experiment of self-sufficiency by building his own house on the shores of Walden Pond and living off the food he grew on his farm. He sought to reduce his physical needs to a minimum, in order to free himself for study, thought, and observation of nature, himself. Walden can be many things and can be read on more than one level. But it is, first and foremost, a book about man, what he is, and what he should be and must be. Considered one of the all-time great books, Walden is a record of Thoreau's two year experiment of living at Walden Pond. The writer's chief emphasis is on the simplifications and enjoyment of life now. It is regarded as 1. a nature book.2. a do-it-yourself guide to simple life. 3. a satirical criticism of modern life and living. 4. a belletristic achievement 5. a spiritual book. The Scarlet Letter Symbolic meaning of the letter “A” :1.The scarlet letter “A” is the central symbol of the novel. At the beginning it symbolized the sin of Hester—“adultery”, 2.then gradually when Hester became accepted by the community, it stands for Hester’s intelligence and diligence—“able”. 3.At the end of the novel the symbol has evolved to represent the high virtues of Hester Prynne—“angel”. Comments on The Scarlet Letter:1.The theme of the story should be the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin on people. 2.Scarlet Letter is a cultural allegory, in which the author indirectly tells the future of Puritanism.3.Scarlet Letter is a sample in which American Romanticism adapted itself to American Puritanism.(Because of the strong influence of Puritanism in American society, Hawthorne only expressed his ideas on the sin indirectly by employing symbolism.) Symbolism in the novel Moby Dick A. the voyage itself is a metaphor for “search and discovery, the search for the ultimate truth of experience.” B. the Pequod is the ship of the American soul and consciousness. C. Moby Dick is a symbol of evil to some, of goodness to others, and of both to still others. D. The whiteness of Moby Dick is a paradoxical color, signifying death and corruption as well as purity, innocence and youth; it represents the final mystery of the universe. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Setting: unpopulated wildness an a dense forest along Mississippi River Characters:1.Ignorant uneducated black slave Jim2.Uneducated outcast white boy Huck Finn。Theme: Huck’s inner waving struggle between what he was taught and what he thought out of good-heart and humanity.Its Features：1.Profound portrait of Huckleberry Finn 2.Magic power with language, the use of vernacular. 3. Humor In a Station of the Metro1 by Ezra Pound The apparition of these faces in the crowd: Petals on a wet, black bough. Note: 1。a Paris subway station Analysis of this poem The poem’s form is similar to Japanese haiku, with considering its title as a verse-line. The word “apparition” has double meaning:1. “appearance”, something which can be clearly observed;2. something which seems real but perhaps is not real; something ghostly which cannot be clearly observed. Petals may refer to the faces in the crowd, while bough may refer to the railway in the Metro.

英美文学欣赏知识点

英美文学欣赏知识点100句 1.The work that presented,for the first time in English literature,a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales. 首次在英国文学，中世纪英国社会的全面逼真的画面，创造了从各行各业生动的人物整体画廊是杰弗里·乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集。 2. Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry. 乔叟被看作是英国诗歌之父。 3. The verse form of heroic couplet was introduced into English poetry and employed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature by Geoffrey Chaucer. 3.英雄对联的诗体被引入英国诗歌和诗与真正的轻松和魅力，第一次在英国文学的杰弗里·乔叟的历史就业。 4. The Canterbury Tales presents a whole gallery of vivid characters,the team of pilgrims,people from all walks of life,including 31 members altogether. 4.坎特伯雷故事呈现生动的人物整体画廊，朝圣者的队伍，来自各行各业，其中包括31名成员共有人。 5. Generally,Renaissance refers to the intellectual movement during the period between 14th and mid-17th centuries,its essence was humanism. 5.一般来说，文艺复兴是指智力运动在14和中17世纪之间的时期，它的本质是人文精神。 6. English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama.

自考英美文学选读第一章文艺复兴时期(英国)(课文翻译)

英美文学选读翻译（英语专业自考）第一部分：英国文学第一章文艺复兴时期文艺复兴标志着一个过渡时期,即中世纪的结束和现代社会的开始。一般来说,文艺复兴时期是从十四世纪到十七世纪中叶。它从意大利兴起,伴随着绘画、雕塑和文学领域的百花齐放,而后文艺复兴浪潮席卷了整个欧洲。文艺复兴,顾名思义即重生、复苏,是由一系列历史事件激发推动的,其中包括对古希腊罗马文化的重新发现。地理天文领域的新发现,宗教改革及经济发展。因此,文艺复兴从本质上是欧洲人文主义者竭力摒弃中世纪欧洲的封建主义,推行代表新兴城市资产阶级利益的新思想,并恢复早期宗教的纯洁性,远离腐败的罗马天主教廷的一场运动。文艺复兴浪潮影响到英国的速度比较慢,不仅因为英国远离欧洲大陆,而且还因为其国内的动荡不安。乔叟去世后的一个半世纪是英国历史上最动荡不安的时期。好战的贵族篡取了王位,使英国走上自我毁灭之路。著名的玫瑰之战就是极好的例子。后来理查三世的恐怖统治标志着内战的结束,在都铎王朝的统治下英国的民族情感又成长起来。然而直到亨利八世统治期间(1509-1547),文艺复兴的春风才吹入英国。在亨利八世的鼓励下,牛津的改革派学者和人文主义者们将古典文学引入英国。基于古典文学作品及《圣经》的教育重获生机,而十五世纪就被广泛传阅的文学作品则更加流行了。自此,英国的文艺复兴开始了。英国,尤其是英国文学进入了黄金时代。这个时期涌现出莎士比亚、斯宾塞、约翰逊、锡德尼、马洛、培根及邓恩等一大批文学巨匠。但英国的文艺复兴并未使新文学与旧时代彻底决裂,带有十四、十五世纪特点的创作态度与情感依然贯穿在人文主义与改革时代。人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。它源于努力恢复中世纪产生的对古希腊罗马文化的尊崇。人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以"人"为中心,人是万物之灵。通过这些对古代文化崭新的研究,人文主义者不仅看到了光彩夺目的艺术启明星,还在那古典作品中寻求到了人的价值。在中世纪的社会中,个人完全隶属于封建统治,没有独立和自由可言;在中世纪的神学理论中,人与周围世界的关系仅仅是人消极适应或消极遁世,不允许追求快乐,以备死后灵魂得以超脱。然而人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到了充足的论据,来赞美人性,并开始注意到人类是光荣的生命,人自己可以不断发展,至善至美,而且人们生存的世界是属于他们的,供他们怀疑、探索以及享受。由此,人文主义者通过强调人类的尊严、强调今生今世的重要性,喊出了他们的信仰,即人类不仅有权利在今生今世美好生活,而且还有能力完善自我,创造奇迹。人文主义遍布英国思想领域的。标志是荷兰学者伊拉斯谟先后到牛津大学与剑桥大学讲授古典文化研究。托马斯·漠尔、克利斯朵夫·马洛和威廉·莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。

英美文学史及选读期末考试常用名词解释

1.Alliteration：Alliteration is the repetition of a speech sound in a sequence of nearby words. The term is usually applied only to consonants, and only when the recurrent sound begins a word or a stressed syllable within a word. In old English alliteration is the principle organizing device of the verse line. 2.Romance：Romance is a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventure of a noble hero. Romance was characteristic of the early feudal age, as it reflected the spirit of chivalry. The content of romance was usually about love, chivalry, and religion. 3.Soliloquy is a dramatic speech delivered by one character speaking aloud while under the impression of being alone. The soliloquist thus reveals his inner thoughts and feelings to the audience. It is also known as interior monologue. 4.sonnet: A sonnet is a short song in the original meaning of the word. Later it became a poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter with various rhyming schemes. 5.Conceit--- a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startling different things. A conceit may strike the readers weird at first glance, but proves appropriate in the end. 6.The name applied to an intellectual movement which developed in Western Europe during the seventeenth century and reached its height in the eighteenth. The common element was a trust in human reason as adequate to solve the crucial problems and to establish the essential norms in life, together with the belief that the application of reason was rapidly dissipating the remaining feudal traditions. It influenced lots of famous English writers especially those neoclassic writers, such as Alexander Pope, Samuel Johnson etc.. 7.Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It makes a transition from the medieval to the modern world. It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. The term Renaissance means rebirth or revival. The Renaissance period was marked by a reawakening of interest in learning, in the individual and in the world of nature. The revival of learning led scholars back to the culture of Greece and Rome. The rebirth of interest in the individual gave rise to a new appreciation of beauty, to a desire for self-expression in varied activities and to the creation of art. The renewal of curiosity about the nature word ultimately drew men to discover new lands and new scientific truths.