April 1

To Helen

? 1. For whom did Poe write this poem?

? 2. Who is Helen?

? 3. What are the images that Helen’s beauty is compared to?

? 4. What effect does this supernal beauty produce in the poet’s mind?

? 5. What is the theme of the poem?

? 6. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?

?7. What are the major rhetorical devices used in the poem?

1．For whom did Poe write this poem?

?Jane Stith Stanard, the mother of his childhood friend Rob, who died in 1831.

?Through his writing, Poe sought to thank her for acting as a second mother to him.

2. Who is Helen?

-- Queen of Sparta

-- The most beautiful woman in the world

-- The direct cause of Trojan War

3. What are the images that Helen’s beauty is compared to?

?Nicean barks of yore

?Statue with an agate lamp in her hand

4. What effect does this supernal（神圣的、超自然的）beauty produce in the poet’s mind?

?peace, restfulness (from sorrows and worries)

?warmth

?Admiration of the sacred beauty

5. What is the theme of the poem?

–Beauty of women, both in body and in soul

–the nurturing power of woman

6. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?

?ABABB

?CDCDC

?EFFEF

The meters: irregular but musical

7. What are the major rhetorical devices used in the poem?

–Allusion (典故）

–Imagery (意象）

?Allusion 典故

An indirect or explicit reference to some event, people, place, or artistic work, the nature and relevance of which is not explained by the writer but relies on the reader’s familiarity with what is thus mentioned

?致海伦

海伦啊，你的美貌对于我

就象那古老的尼赛安帆船，

在芬芳的海面上它悠悠荡漾，

载着风尘仆仆疲惫的流浪汉，

驶往故乡的海岸。

你兰紫色的柔发，古典的脸，

久久浮现在波涛汹涌的海面上,

你女神般的风姿，

将我带回往昔希腊的荣耀，

和古罗马的辉煌。

看，神龛金碧，你婷婷玉立，

俨然一尊雕像，

手提玛瑙明灯，

啊，普赛克，

你是来自那神圣的地方！

Poe’s Short Stories

Story-telling (5 m in C/E):

“The Fall of the House of Usher”

“William Wilson”

“Ligeia”

“The Tell-Tale Heart ”

“The Black Cat”

“The Cask of Amontillado”

Moments in these poems and stories – what and how

Poe as a Short Story Master

1. Major theme:

disintegration （崩溃）and annihilation （歼灭、毁灭）of a human mind

→to investigate people’s subconscious and unconscious mental activity

→ Every mind is half mad or capable of slipping into insanity

2. Major characters:

Isolated heroes

→ with no sense of their identity, no name, no place nor parentage, dislocated, alienated from society

3. Brevity to ensure the totality of impression:

?The very first sentence→ bring out the single effect of the story;

?The very end→reveal some logical truth with the fullest satisfaction and leave a sense of finality with the reader.

Opening and Ending of “The Black Cat”

“For the most wild yet most homely narrative which I am about to pen, I neither expect nor solicit belief. Mad indeed would I be to expect it, in a case where my very senses reject their own evidence. Yet, mad am I not –and very surely do I not dream.”

“I had walled the monster up within the tomb.”

4. Detective stories/Ratiocination stories:

the most important element: logic

Poe’s Detective Stories

?1840s: Poe introduced the detective story to the US—featuring the Parisian crime solver C. Auguste Dupin

→Result from Poe’s interest in puzzles, word games, and secret codes, which he loved to present and decode

Major works:

“The Gold Bug” (1843) –破译密码模式

“The Murders in the Rue Morgue” (1841) –密室杀人案模式

“The Mystery of Marie Rogêt” (1842-1843)

“The Purloined Letter” (1844) –心理盲区模式

Influences:

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes

Agatha Christie’s Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple

Poe’s Gothic Stories

1. Theme:

to dramatize a culture plagued by poverty and slavery through characters afflicted with various forms of insanity and melancholy.

2. Characteristics:

unique grotesque inventiveness and superb plot construction.

Poe’s Gothic Tales: “Poe’s Gothic is a potent brew, best served in small doses.”

? 1. Poe’s Gothic tales→ brief flashes of chaos that flare up within lonely narrators living at the fringes of society.

? 2. Poe’s short stories are considered masterpieces worldwide.

* Poe’s longest work, novel Arthur Gordon Pym(1838): loosely-connected episodes of horrors and mysteries, not as well written.

Major Works of Gothic Story

?MS. Found in a Bottle(1832 it won a contest sponsored by the Baltimore Saturday Visitor. )

?Ligeia(1838) ,

?The Fall of the House of Usher (1839),

?William Wilson (1839),

?The Tell-Tale Heart (1843) ,

?The Black Cat (1843) ,

?The Masque of the Red Death (1845) , The Cask of Amontillado (1846)

Themes

?Love and hate

?Self vs. Alter Ego

?The Power of the Dead over the Living

?Motifs :death, love, animals

?Symbol: Eye→I(identity)

?The fantastic: the real and the supernatural, the rational and irrational

Other Features

?Insane Narrator / unnamed narrator

?Tone: confession

?Tense: present→(flashback)past tense

Assignment

?Preview poems by Walt Whitman

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英语翻译作业1

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