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习题二及答案(1)

习题二及答案(1)
习题二及答案(1)

Answers

I. Blank filling (10%)(one point for each blank)

1. phatic

2. minimal pair

3. root

4. loan-blending

5. surface

6. deep

7. connotative

8. componential

9. pragmatics 10. sociolinguistics

II. Definition (10%)

1. allomorph: The plural meaning in English can be represented by voiceless/s/, the voiced /z/, the vowel-consonant /iz/, the nasal sound /n/ in /oksn/, and would be said to be an allomorph of the plural morpheme.

2. inflection: Inflection is the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes such as number, case, aspect, which do not change the grammatical class of the stems to which they are attached.

3. redundant features: features which are not necessary. For example: -tion is the suffix to form a noun. So if we see the word “civilization”, the feature “noun”is redundant.

4. implicature: implicature is deduced from the utterances, not from the sentences. It is comparable to illocutionary force in speech act theory in that they are both concerned with the contextual side of meaning.

5. denotative meaning: it is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it denotes, or refers to.

III Indicate the following statements as true or false (50%, one for each question)

1.T F

2. T F

3. T F

4. T F

5. T F

6. T F

7. T F

8. T F 9. T F 10. T F 11. T F 12. T F 13 T F 14. T F

15. T F 16.T F 17. T F 18. T F 19. T F 20. T F 21. T F

22. T F 23. T F 24. T F 25. T F 26. T F 27.T F

28. T F 29. T F 30. T F 31. T F 32. T F 33. T F

34. T F 35. T F 36. T F 37. T F 38. T F 39. T F

40. T F 41. T F 42. T F 43. T F 44. T F 45. T F

46. T F 47. T F 48. T F 49. T F 50. T F

IV. Answer the questions: ten points for each question

1. Language has at least seven functions: phatic, directive, Informative, interrogative, expressive, evocative and

performative. According to Wang Gang (1988,p.11), language has three main functions: a tool of communication, a tool whereby people learn about the world, and a tool by which people learn about the world, and a tool by which people create art . M .A. K.Halliday, representative of the London school, recognizes three “Macro-Functions”: ideational, interpersonal and textual

2. Pragmatics can be simply defined as the study of language in use. It is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader). It has, consequently, more to do with the analysis of what people mean by their utterances than what the words or phrases in those utterances might mean by themselves.

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