大学英语六级综合改错精析

大学英语六级综合改错精析

大学英语六级考试不单独考察语法知识，而是在综合改错中，即在语篇上考察考生对语法知识的综合熟练运用程度。

改错是较高级的考试中常见的题型，无论语法、词汇还是惯用法都是改错的对象，这就要求考生具备相当高的英语综合运用能力。

因此，在某种程度上，它反映了应试者的总体水平。

短文形式的改错不仅要求考生有较高的阅读理解能力，而且要求以一种连贯的眼光和思路去处理这一部分的内容。

短文通常200字左右，有十处语法或词汇方面的错误。主要包括：

主谓一致、语态、连接词（并列句和从句）、形容词、副词（及其比较级和最高级）、非谓语动词（-ing分词，-ed分词和不定式）、代词、倒装、赘述、易混淆的词等。

有的错误在某一短句或句子中一眼能辨别，有的错误则必须在充分理解上下文的基础上才能识别。考生在答题前一定要认真阅读并理解短文，答题时要参考和琢磨上下文。

为了能使考生较为彻底地把握识别错误和解决错误的途径，以下我从典型的错误类型归类入手，总结归纳易错的原因，再通过单句改错的形式举例分析具体的应试技巧。

一主谓一致、名词单复数

A)解析

英语中，谓语动词必须和主语保持一致，即主语的人称和数决定动词的形式，即主谓一致关系。这一错误类型在错误各类型的排列中处于首位，是因为在表达中非常常见。出现错误的原因大致有以下几种：1）主语的单复数没有搞清楚或无法确定；2）对主谓一致的原则不熟练；3）主语、谓语间插入了其他成分，如定语、同位语，这些成分往往构成了干扰因素。

B)做这类的题应注意的几点：1）从形式上判断。规则名词看字形，不规则名词要熟记，

单复数同形的可借助句中的其他线索，如从句或并列句中的主动词是单数还是复数。

2）从含义上判断。有些集合名词既可表示单数概念，也可表示复数概念，因此谓语动词的数要根据上下文的含义来判定。要保证概念上一致。

3）熟练掌握主谓一致方面的语法知识可习惯用法。如either of；neither of等词组做主语时，谓语动词应用单数。主谓一致不仅存在于主句，也从句中动词和先行词的一致。

C)1）名词前有neither，every，each，much，little，a little等修饰语，名词做主语

时，谓语动词用单数；

2）主语由neither…nor，either…or，not only… but also连接两个名词或代词时，要运用“就近原则”。在there be句型中，也是如此，以neither和either后面的词为依据。由or连接两个主语时，位于谓语动词的数应与or后面的词保持一致；

3）as well as要运用“就远原则”；

4）表示金钱、价格、距离、时间、重量的词做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数；

5）“名词+and+名词”结构指同一人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数；、由kind (form, part, piece, portion, section, sort, type 等) + of +名词时，谓语动词的单复数由这些词本身的单复数决定，与后面的名词无关；

6）单个-ing分词，单个不定式，that从句以及wh-从句做主语，谓语动词用单数；7）many a + 单数可数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。More than one也用单数。

Two hundred pounds are too unreasonable a price for such a shabby bicycle.

(is)

● A large part of the laboratory’s costly new equipments had been removed.

(equipment)

●Neither of the colors are acceptable to him. (is)

●He was the only one of the candidates who were able to carry out his campaign

pledges. (was)

●Many a woman feel entitled to more in life than just housework. (feels)

●On the other side of the issue was the English iron manufacturers who desired

more iron to make into nails, tools and other iron wares. (were)

●You may feel very much irritated when you buy a costly new book and find

that one or more pages is missing. (are)

二语态：（主动和被动）

A)解析：被动语态的形式较复杂。其基本构成为be + ed分词。被动语态不仅出现在谓语

动词的位置上，还延伸到动词出现的一切位置上，包括动词的不定式，-ing分词和情态动词后。所以考生在审视考题时，要注意以上各方面，以防疏漏。

B)错误主要归纳为三种：1）混淆了主动和被动语态；2）没有掌握被动语态的结构（各个

时态的被动语态）：记住被动的基本结构，及在be上的各种时态变化；需小心除谓语动词以外的其他位置上的被动语态等；3）被动语态中过去分词的错误；4）约定俗成的习惯用法。如：“be to blame”

*The crop has harvested in the fall of the year after it had been planted. (was) 在做被动语态题时，要兼顾时态、数等各因素.

*The benefit of goat’s milk lies in the fact that it is more easily to digest by infants. (to be digested)

*The female employees were made work over 16 hours everyday in that factory.

(to work)

三连接词（并列句和从句）

A)解析：六级考试改错题型中常出现大量的并列句和复合句，因此连接词就很容易出题，

而且这类错误较隐蔽，难度较大。连接词包括：并列连词、从属连词和关系词等。对于连词要注意一些并列的连词词组，要注意其搭配关系。

B)1）so that和such that都是从属连词，意义一样，功能也一样，但so后面必须放形

容词或副词，如加名词，则该名词必须是单数可数名词；such是修饰名词的，其后可跟可数或不可数名词，这些名词前可有修饰语；2）注意固定搭配：no sooner… than, ha rdly (scarcely, barely)… when等, 并要倒装。强调结构，It + be + 被强调部分+ that …。

3）定语从句中关系代词，关系副词的用法； 4）that引导表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句时不可省略，引导宾语从句和在限制性定语从句中做宾语，可省略。5）neither，nor的区别，neither一般只做副词，不做连词，而nor都可。…, nor …（原则：副词不能做连接词）

*There is no agreement as to goals, neither is there any systematic approach or integrated program. (nor)

*The Smiths are so interesting people that every time we meet, we can’t seem to stop talking. (such)

*I don’t think it’ll rain but I’ll take an umbrella as if it does. (in case,

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