口译unit two
Unit Two 招待口译Interpreting for Reception Service
2-1 机场迎宾Greeting at the Airport
A：先生，请问您是从伦敦来的泰莱克教授吗？
Excuse me, sir; is this Prof. Tallack from London?
B：Yes, I'm George Tallack from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. You must be Miss Dai, if I'm not mistaken.
是的，我是伦敦大学亚非学院的乔治·泰莱克。我要是没认错的话，您一定是戴小姐？A：是的，我叫戴嘉佳，海通人力资源部经理。泰莱克教授，我一直在此恭候您的到来。
Yes, I'm Dai Jiajia, manager of Human Resources, the Haitong Group. I have been expecting you, Prof. Tallack.
B：Thank you for coming to meet me at the airport. This is a fantastic airport, absolutely one of the top-notch internation airports.
谢谢您来机场接我。这个机场太美了，绝对是顶尖的国际机场。
A：我很高兴能在我的家乡接待您。人人都说这是个一流的现代化国际机场。欢迎，欢迎。我们非常高兴您能成行啊，非常感激您不辞辛劳，在百忙中抽空来我海通指导。
I'm very glad to have the pleasure of meeting you in my hometown. This is indeed a first-class international airport, as everybody says so. You're welcome. We're very happy that you made it in spite of the tiring trip. We're very grateful that you took time from your busy schedule and came to Haitong to give us advice.
B：I've long been expecting to learn about the famous Haitong Group. I really appreciate this opportunity, which is also an opportunity for me to learn about Chinese enterprises at a close distance.
我一直希望能真正了解赫赫有名的“海通集团”，你们也给了我近距离了解中国企业的机会，我感激不尽。
A：一路可好？十几个小时的飞行很辛苦啊。
How was the trip? It must be very tiring, flying for more than 10 hours.
B：Not too bad. But we were later than expected. Our plane delayed taking off as we ran into a storm. We were held up for several hours at the airport, waiting for the storm to clear up. But we had good flying weather and we enjoyed a good attending service, of course.
还可以，但班机延误了，下了暴雨，我们只得在机场等了几个小时，天气转好后才起飞。但飞行途中的天气还不错，服务也很好。
A：嗯，长途施行之后您一定很累了，您还得倒时差呢。行李都齐了，我们直接回宾馆吧。
Well, you must be very tired after the long trip, and you have to get over the jet-lag. We have got all the luggage, haven't we? Let's drive directly to the hotel.
B：Yes, I'm a bit tired. I'm very bad with a jet-lag. But I'll be all right in a couple of days.
是的，我是有点累了。我倒时差很慢，但两天后自然就恢复了。
A：好的，先回宾馆下榻，好好休息一下。明天不必早起。明天的安排是这样的，我们中午设宴为您洗尘，下午会见集团总裁，晚上我们去看一场杂技表演，典型的中国杂技。不知泰莱克教授意下如何？
Good. We'll take you to the hotel for a good rest. You don't have to get up early tomorrow. Here's the schedule for tomorrow. We'll host a reception lunch in your honor. And then you'll meet with Chairman of the Board in the afternoon. We'll take you to an acrobatic show in the evening, a typical Chinese acrobatic show. How do you like that, Prof. Tallack?
B：I like that. I've heard Chinese people are very friendly and hospitable. You're very considerate,
Miss Dai. I'll soon be spoiled, I'm afraid.
太好了。中国人友善好客，我早有好闻。戴小姐考虑得很周到，过不了几天我便会被宠坏了。
A：我们希望您在这里过得愉快，希望您与我海通集团合作愉快。东西齐了，车已在外面等候，我们走吧。
I hope you'll have a pleasant stay here, and enjoy happy collaboration with the Haitong Group.
I think we've got everything. Our car is waiting outside. Shall we go now?
B：Sure.
好的。
2-2 宾馆入住Hotel Accommodation
A：下午好，欢迎光临和平饭店。需要服务吗，先生？
Good afternoon. Welcome to the Peace Hotel. May I help you, sir?
B：Yes, I'd like to check in, please.
是的，我要登记住宿。
A：好的，先生，请问尊姓大名？您有没有预订房间？
Certainly, sir. May I have your name, please? Do you have a reservation with us, sir?
B：Yes, it's Robert King. I suppose somebody made the reservation for me.
是的，我叫罗伯特·金。我已请人代为预订房间了。
A：请稍等，我查一下预订记录……喔，让您久等了，先生。不过，恐怕这时查不到您的预订记录。您是在哪里预订的？有确认函吗？
Just a moment, please. I'll check our reservation record...Oh, thank you for waiting,sir. But I'm afraid we have no record of your reservation. Where was it made? Do you have a confirmation letter?
B：That's very strange. I made the reservation about 10 days ago, through a travel agency at home. But I don't have the confirmation letter with me. What I have with me is a copy of the itinerary. Is there any problem with the accommodation for just two days?
这就怪了。我是在10天前请国内的一家旅行社代为预订的。我没有带确认函来，我只带了一张复印的行程表。我在这里只住两天行吗？
A：别着急，我查一下有没有空房间。太好了，我们还有一个双人间，另外还有一套豪华套房，都没有人入住。不知您要哪一套？
Just a minute, please. I'll check vacancies. Very good, I got it. We have a double room, and there's deluxe suite available. Which one do you prefer?
B：Thanks a lot. I prefer the double room. How long can I keep it? And is it a regular rate with no extra charge?
太感谢了，我要那个双人间吧。我可以住多久呢？不会加价吧？
A：很好，先生，请登记吧。我们不多收费，人往最后一套豪华套房您还可以享受8折优惠价呢。
Very good, sir. Will you register here, please? No, there's no extra charge. Actually, you would have a good rate with 20% off on the last deluxe suite.
B：The double room is fine. Is there any service that I need to know?
双人间可以了，我想知道酒店提供什么服务。
A：当然啰。请问您有什么要求吗？
Certainly, sir. May I know if you have anything in particular?
B：Yes. I'd like to have a 7 o'clock morning call, breakfast sent up to my room, shirts and pants laundered, some documents photocopied, and express mail sent out, and something like that.
好呀，早上7点钟叫醒，早餐送我房间，衬衫、裤子需要洗熨，文件需要复印，一封邮件需要快递，诸如此类的事情需要帮忙。
A：没问题呀，请分别拨电话给总台、餐饮部、洗熨部、商务中心就可以了。您也可以直接与楼层服务台联系。您还需要什么服务吗？
No problem. Just call our Front Desk, Catering Service, Laundry Service, and Business Center accordingly. Or you may contact the Floor Service Desk. Is there anything else I can do for you? B：Just one more thing-do you have any place for fitness exercises? I go to the gym and exercise every day.
还有一件事。酒店有没有什么地方可以健身？我每天都要去健身房运动。
A：有呀，我们有设施齐全的健身中心，还有教练给辅导呢。我们有许多现代化的健身设备可满足客人的不同需求。能让客人住得称心，我们很高兴。我真的希望你在这里住得愉快，如果还有什么其他要求，请随时告诉我。
Yes, we have a well-equipped fitness center, with coaches available. We have many modern fitness facilities catering to the different needs of our guests. We would be very pleased make their stay enjoyable. I do hope you enjoy your stay here. If you have any other requirements, please let me know at anytime.
B：Very good, thank you very much.
太好了，非常感谢。
A：不用客气
You're welcome.
2-3 宴会招待Banquet Service
A：各位，晚上好，今天我们在此举办晚宴，招待各位亲爱的朋友和敬业的专家，庆贺我们的会谈取得圆满成功，我感到非常高兴。我特别感谢凯兰女士大驾光临。没有凯兰女士的最后努力，还不知道现在会怎样呢，恐怕我们还在谈判之中。
Ladies and gentlemen, good evening. It gives me a great pleasure to host the banquet in honor of our dear friends and dedicated experts, and celebrate the successful conclusion of our talks. In particular, I'd like to thank Ms.Kelland for her coming. Without her last-minute effort, we would still be in the middle of nowhere, probably in the middle of negotiations, I'm afraid.
B：Thank you, President Li. You all did very well. I just contributed my share. We all maneuvered successfully to get our job done, so to speak. Well, ladies and gentlemen, are we carrying out another round of talk over the dinner?
谢谢李总，你们都做得很好，我只是尽了自己的责任。可以说我们每个人都成功地使我们的使命得以完成。怎么样，女士们，先生们，难道我们在晚宴上还得谈判吗？
A：今天不谈生意，我建议今晚我们只叙友情，当然，我们要尽情享受大自然赐予我们的食物。
No more business talks today. We've already put an end to it. I propose we limit our talk to friendship tonight. And of course, we'll delight ourselves completely in the foods that Mother Nature grants us.
B：That's great, the delicious Chinese food! I can't wait to enjoy your food. What are we excepting tonight?
太好了，可口的中国菜，我等不及了。今晚我们有什么好吃的？
A：今晚我们准备了典型的上海餐，希望各位喜欢。
Tonight we have prepared a typical Shanghai meal. I hope you will like it.
B：Yes, eat in Shanghai as Shanghai people eat. But, to be frank, I've heard of the famous Cantonese food, Sichuan food, Shandong food, but not that much of Shanghai food. What's special about Shanghai cuisine?
是的，在上海就应该吃上海人之所吃。不过，恕我直言，我只听说过名声显赫的粤菜、川菜场和鲁菜，对上海菜不太了解。上海菜系有什么特点？
A：上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被称为“本帮菜”，有着400多年的历史。同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色、香、味”三大要素，特点是注重调料的使用、食物的质量和菜的原汁原味。
Shanghai cuisine, usually called Benbang cuisine, is the youngest among the major regional cuisines in China, with a history of more than 400 years. Like all other Chinese regional cuisines, Benbang cuisine takes "color, aroma and taste" as its essential quality elements. It emphasizes in particular the expert use of seasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and original flavors.
B：It sounds very appetizing.
听来很能引起食欲。
A：我推荐一道特色点心“南翔小笼”和一道特色菜“松鼠桂鱼”，“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。松鼠桂鱼色泽黄亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而肉嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。绝对没错，你一定喜欢。
I'd like to recommend a special snack known as Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplings and a special dish called "Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish". Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplings are small in size, with thin and translucent wrappers, filled inside with ground pork and rich tasty soup. The Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish is yellow-colored and squirrel-shaped, with a crispy skin and tender meat, all covered with a sweet and sour source. They are absolutely tasters' choice. I bet you will like them.
B：Oh, I suppose they are the perfect combination of the three elements "color, aroma and taste". Especially the Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish. I can't figure out how the chef makes the dish look like a squirrel. Shall we add "appearance" to your judgement criteria?
噢，我想它们的确是“色、香、味”三要素的完美结合，尤其是松鼠桂鱼，我想不出来厨师是怎样把菜做得像个松鼠的。我们在三大评价标准上再添上“形”吧。
A：完成正确，可以再加上“形”，那我们就有了第四大要素。菜上来了，别客气，请随意。
Absolutely right, plus "appearance"—that makes the fourth element. Ok, here we are. Please help yourself to the dishes.
B：The dinner is so delicious. The dishes are complete with color, aroma, taste and appearance. Thank you very much for your invitation and hospitality. I hope I haven't missed anything, have I?
味道太可口了，这些菜的色、香、味、形都很好。谢谢你们的盛情宴请和款待。我希望没有漏掉什么好吃的吧？
A：很高兴您喜欢这里的菜。晚宴才开场，好戏还在后头呢。女士们、先生们，各位能够赏光来此共度一年中的这个美好时光，我感到非常荣幸。让我们共度一年中的这个美好时光，我感到非常荣幸。让我们共同举杯，敬祝凯兰女士健康。
I'm very glad that you like the dishes. But this is just the beginning of the dinner. We have more surprises to expect. Ladies and gentlemen, I consider it a great honor to have you all here for this wonderful time of the year. Let us drink to the health of Ms. Kelland.
B：And toast to the health of President Li and to the health of everybody here. Cheers!
也祝李总身体健康，祝在座各位身体健康。干杯！
A：为我们永久的友谊与合作，干杯！
To our lasting friendship and cooperation, cheers!
2-4 参观访问Getting Around
A：您好，欢迎光临京河高科技园区。我是园区的业务经理，我很荣幸能带大家参观我们的园区。不知道各位对哪方面比较感兴趣？
Hello, welcome to Jinghe High-Tech Park. I am Operation Manager of the Park. I'm honored to be your guide and take you to tour around the Park. May I know your major interests?
B：I'm interested in the general layout of the Park. Would you please give me some idea of its setup?
我对园区的总布局颇感兴趣，您能简要地介绍一下吗？
A：很好，我们先来鸟瞰一下整个园区吧，然后在园区内各处转悠一下，用我们的话来说是“走马观花”吧。
Very good. First of all, we'll take a bird's-eye view of the Park. And then we'll look around in the Park and, to use a Chinese metaphor, we'll "cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on horseback".
B：Good idea, but we'll cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on your car...in a more comfortable manner.
好主意，不过我们是驱车观花，更舒服一些。
A：先生好幽默！我们言归正传吧。京河高科技园区地理位置十分优越，背靠首都北京，面向辽阔的渤海，东依京津塘高速公路，驱车30分钟可抵达首都国际机场，20分钟即可抵达首都火车货运站，一个小时可抵达天津新港。园区是经国务院批准的国家级开发区，享有项目审批权和优惠政策，是一个与国际管理体制接轨的经济区。
I really like your humor, sir. Now let me come back to our story. Jinghe High-Tech Park enjoys
a superior location, with the Capital Beijing as the backdrop, facing the vast expanse of the Bo Sea, bordered by the Jingjintang Expressway to the east. It takes only 30 minutes to reach the Capital's International Airport, 20 minutes to get to the Beijing Railway Cargo Station, and an hour to arrive at the Tianjin New Harbor. The Park is a national development project approved by the State Council. It is authorized to approve projects with preferential policies, operating under the management system of international standards.
B：When was it put to use? Who fuelled its development?
园区何时启用，园区的开发是由谁投资的？
A：园区建设分两期进行。一期工程占地588公顷，由28个工业地块以及研发、行政和辅助设施构成。二期工程占地525公顷，包括22个工业地块。园区于2000年全面运营，5家国内银行和两家国外银行提供了充足的贷款。
The construction of the Park was undertaken in two phases with the first covering 588 acres comprising 28 industrial lots as well as R&D, administrative and support facilities. And the second phase covers an area of 525 acres with 22 industrial lots. The Park went into its full operation in 2000, supported by the generous loans from 5 Chinese banks and 2 overseas banks.
B：The Park is well planned and arranged in perfect order.
园区规划合理，井井有条。
A：是的，园区的东侧是高尔夫球场，西边是月亮河，北侧为宽达一公里的规划绿地。园区
的东部是工业区，西部是生活区，中部为公共建筑区。
Yes, it is. A golf course lies on its east, the Moon River to its west, and a kilometer-wide green belt to its north. Inside the Park, industries cluster in the east and residences concentrate in the west. In-between you find the public service area.
B：What do you do to attract direct foreign investment?
你们是以什么方式来吸引外商直接投资的？
A：园区采取有力措施改善投资环境，培育新的优势，使其成为华北地区吸纳高新技术产业、跨国公司以及大型骨干企业的乐园。园区的两大主导产业是信息技术和现代生物技术。
The Park Administration takes strong measures to improve the investment environment, to foster new competitive advantages and to make the Park and investment paradise in North China for hi-tech and new-tech companies, multinationals, and large enterprises of pillar industries. The Park's two leading industries are information technology and modern biotechnology.
B：Are there any particular requirements that prospective foreign enterprises must meet?
园区对外企有什么要求吗？
A：园区目标产业的选择标准是：能加强研发功能，能使用本地可用技术资源和材料，能发展相适应的辅助产业，能与各大学和政府研究机构合作。来自美国、日本、韩国、德国、英国、法国、意大利、加拿大、澳大利亚、荷兰、挪威等地的跨国公司已在园区内落户。园区有着强大的政府支持和完备的高技术产业链。园区注重产业、教育和研发的整合，为引入企业提供一条龙服务。
The target industries must meet the Park's selection criteria. That is, they must strengthen research and development function, use locally available technical resources and materials, develop suitable supporting industries, and collaborate with universities and public research institutes. Multinational companies from the United States, Japan, Korea, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Canada, Australia, Holland and Norway have settled down in the Park. The Park enjoys strong government support and has complete high-tech industry, education, and R&D. The Park provides a stream-lined one-stop service for incoming enterprises.
B：The physical environment of the Park is wonderful.
园区的环境真不错！
A：是的，这也是我们引以为豪的一个方面。园区坚持走“生态型开发”和可持续发展的道路。为了确保环境质量，我们始终坚持“以绿引资、以资养绿”的发展战略。园区绿化率达到45%以上，可谓绿草成茵，绿树成林，流水潺潺，鸟儿啁啾，空气清新，四季花香—环境处处素雅幽静。
Yes, it is one of the things that we take so much pride in. The Park Administration has been pursuing the policy of ecological conservation and sustainable development. To ensure the quality of the local environment, we stick steadfastly to our development strategy of "attracting investment with a green environment and maintaining a green environment through investment". As you can see, the Park has a green coverage of more than 45%. It really boasts stretches of green grass, forests of green trees, streams murmuring, birds chirping, air refreshing, fragrant flowers blossoming all year round. The whole environment is enveloped in a peaceful, elegant and relaxing atmosphere.
B：You're a real poet. Do you have independent and complete establishments for water and power supply, and for waste treatment?
你真是一位诗人。你们有独立完备的水电供应设施和垃圾处理设施吗？
A：有，园区有独立运营的技术与安保服务中心，配备有高标准水电测试设施，为企业提供
可靠、稳定、优质的电力、洁净水和网络服务，以及24小时的安保服务。
Yes, the Park has an independent techno-support and security service center, which is equipped with high-standard facilities for water and electricity supply and provides the enterprises with reliable, stable and quality power, clean water, internet maintenance services, as well as 24-hour security service.
B：That's wonderful.
太棒了。
Sentences in Focus
1. This is a fantastic airport, absolutely one of the top-notch international airports.
这个机场太美了，绝对是一个顶尖的国际机场。
2. I'm very bad with a jet-lag. But I'll be all right in a couple of days.
我倒时差很慢，但两天后自然就恢复了。
3. I'd like to have a 7 o'clock morning call, breakfast sent up to my room, laundry done, some documents photocopied, an express mail sent out, and something like that.
我要早上7点钟叫醒，早餐送我房间，衣服要洗熨，文件要复印，邮件要快递，诸如此类的事情需要服务。
4. We all amneuvered successfully to get our job done, so to speak.
可以说我们每个人都成功地使我们的使命得以完成。
5. Let's delight ourselves completely in the foods that Mother Nature grants us.
让我们尽情享受大自然赐予我们的食物吧。
6.我要是没认错的话，您一定是从伦敦来的泰莱克教授吧？
You must be Prof. Tallack from London, if I'm not mistaken.
7.我是海通集团人力资源部经理。
I'm manager of Human Resources, the Haitong Group.
8.感激您不辞辛劳，从百忙中抽空来我公司指导。
We're very grateful that you took time from your busy schedule and came to our company to give us advice.
9.今晚我们设宴为您洗尘。
We'll host a reception dinner in your honor this evening.
10.我在你们的酒店预订了一间双人间，有确认函。
I have made a reservation for a double room with your hotel. And here's the confirmation letter.
11.提前10天预订房间可以享受8折优惠价。
You will have a good rate with 20% off when you make a reservation 10 days in advance.
12.我们有许多现代化的健身设备可满足客人的不同需求。
We have many modern fitness facilities catering to the different needs of our guests.
13.没有凯兰女士的最后努力，现在还不知道怎样呢，恐怕我们还在谈判之中呢。
Without Ms. Kelland's last-minute effort, we would still be in the middle of nowhere, probably in the middle of negotiations, I'm afraid.
14.同中国其它菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色、香、味”三大要素，特点是注重调料的使用、食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。
Like all other Chinese regional cuisines, Benbang cuisine takes "color, aroma and taste" as its essential quality elements. It emphasizes in particular the expert use of seasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and original flavors.
15.这些菜绝对是首选，你一定喜欢。别客气，请随意。
These dishes are absolutely tasters' choice. I bet you will like them. Please help yourself to the dishes.
16.各位能够赏光来此共度一年中的这个美好时光，我感到非常荣幸。让我们共同举杯，祝各位身体健康、事业有成、阖家幸福。
I consider it a great honor to have you all here for this wonderful time of the year. Let us drink to the health, great career and happy family of everyone present.
17.我们先来鸟瞰一下整个园区吧，然后在园区内各处转悠一下，用我们的话来说是“走马观花”。
First of all, we'll take a bird's-eye view of the Park. And then we'll look around in the Park and, to use a Chinese metaphor, we'll "cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on horseback". 18.高科技园区享有国家授予的项目审批权和优惠政策，是一个与国际管理体制接轨的经济区域。
The High-tech Park is authorized by the state government to approve projects with preferential policies, operating under the management system of international standards.
19.园区注重产业、教育和研发的整合，为引入企业提供一条龙服务。
The Park focuses on the integration of industry, education, and R&D and provides a stream-lined one-stop service for incoming enterprises.
20.为了确保环境质量，我们始终坚持“以绿引资、以资养绿”的发展战略，园区绿化率达到45%以上。
To ensure the quality of the environment, we stick steadfastly to our development strategy of "attracting investment with a green environment and maintaining a green environment through investment". As a result, the Park has a green coverage of more than 45%.
如何做口译笔记范文
如何做口译笔记范文 记笔记并不是把讲话者的原话一字不落地全部记下来。做交传笔记的目的不是用文字记录口头表达的话。翻译不是在做听写，也不能像读本科的学生那样记课堂笔记。本科学生的课堂笔记虽然忽略了很多东西，但还是用完整的句子记下了一些内容，可供以后查阅。译员记笔记也不像为某些会议做记录的速记员。速记员为了使自己的记录具有一定的真实性，要在记录中保留一定数量的原话。 一、口译笔记的性质 交传笔记是记忆的辅助手段，其作用是帮助译员把精神集中在讲话的内容上，并在翻译的时候起到提醒的作用。所谓对记忆的帮助，就像在手帕上打个结，提醒自己别忘了某件事一样，仅供个人使用。笔记只供在讲话之后的几分钟内使用。译员在听讲话的时候，主要靠脑子记，而不是靠笔记，笔记的目的不是再现讲话的原文，只是提示记忆。笔记只供个人使用，只能在当时唤起某种联想，几天之后，记笔记的本人也未必明白记的是什么了。换句话说，笔记从性质上具有个性特点，只在短时间内起作用。 埃德蒙?加里(1985)曾写文章说： 译员一边听会议代表讲话，一边在笔记本上简短记下几笔，所表示的不是声音(不是讲话者的原话)，而是意思。这是基本的原则，如果不这样做，那就不可能做好翻译。 所有的译员都会同意这种说法，但为了让学生明白这一点，我们还必须说明两点：第一，意思本身是无法记录的，我们能够记的，
只能是几个简单的词，或者符号，只能由这些词或符号向我们提示某个意思;第二，所有的讲话，从结构上说，都是用句法组织起来的表达意思的语音，以及一些指示固定事物的名称。 有些东西可以像代码一样从一种语言转到另一种语言，这些东西需要记在笔记中(虽然这一规则有例外)，而有的东西则根据每个人的性格、知识、思想方法等等的不同，需要选择一些标志性的符号，到时候这些符号会向我们提示某一段话的内容。 二、口译笔记记什么? 口译笔记到底应该记什么?首先就是要将听到的话语按照意思 记下来。 记意思 意思是讲话的组成部分，从数量上是笔记的主要内容。所谓记笔记，就是通过一个字符记住有关的意思，不管是什么样的字符(文字、符号、图形等等)，一个字符的提示作用，可以使人回想起一系列意思之间的联系。从这种意义上说，笔记所对应的不是按照语法规则组织起来的语音形式，笔记所代表的意思，可以用与讲话的原文不同的文字来表达。 笔记中还有表示各个意思之间的联系，比如因果、推论等等，以及各个意思之间的时间关系，这种联系和关系是意思表达的组成部分。 可以作为代码直接过渡到另一种语言(直译)的字词。
口译笔记的具体例子
林超伦实战口译笔记实例详解 时间:2008-10-06 16:02来源:实战口译网站作者:林超伦点击:5367次 在这里，我将举实例介绍我的笔记方法，以及我如何以笔记与大脑短期记忆互动的方式保证译文的精确度。 由于口译条件的限制，其精确度不能以笔译的尺度衡量，也没有必要这样做。口译的听众与笔译的读者，需求不同，预期也不同。 由于使用实例讲解，无法把口译要点分门别类地举例。我将顺着例子讲下去。讲完之后，各项要点也就都包括其中了。 人脑思维速度极快，一闪而过的念头，解说起来会显得繁杂。不过，我希望你能在开始时，多一点耐心。很快你就会发现，我的讲解读起来似乎繁杂，但背后的思路，也就是说一旦使用起来，要明快得多。 开始前，提醒一下，不要忘了笔记是必需和记忆互动的。二者缺一不可。以下的实例解说，均以此为基础。 讲话原文 Following the 1997 election, in which the Labour Party came to power, the macroeconomic policy framework has been reformed. 第一层次：一个箭头，加97，再加"选"，足以帮助短期记忆，说出译文："1997年大选之后"。 第二层次：一个"工"加圆圈，提醒"工"字后面还有话。另外，一条垂直线体现出第二层与第一层有关联。此后一个箭头，再加"权"，足以帮助短期记忆，说出译文："工党上台掌权"。
第三层次：一个"M"加圆圈，提醒"M"字后面还有话。从短期记忆中回顾出"宏观经济框架"。 接着，一条横线体现关联，线后一个"改"字，于是补齐译文："对宏观经济框架进行了改革"。 最后划圈，带横杆，表示本段讲话到此结束。 备注：使用的4个汉字都经过"理顺"。其中2个是一笔成字。 The aim of this reform is to help provide a framework for improved macroeconomic stability and economic growth. 承上启下：一划从上段的"改"字左斜拉下来，接着往右一拐弯。足以从短期记忆中回顾出："改革的目的"。 第一层次：写一个"框"字。从短期记忆中顺着上文，不难说出："是为了提供一个框架"。 届此，听到"improved"，随之划一条上行箭头，再补一个"M"加圈，提醒"M"字后面还有话。这样就不难说出："以改善宏观经济稳定"。 若担心"M"不够，则可以加"稳"字，或一条水平横线代表之。 第二层次：此时，已听到"and economic growth"，于是在"M"之下写"经"字，或"E"外带上弧线。这就不难说出："促进经济增长"。 最后划个圈，顺手一横杆，表示本段讲话到此结束。 备注：采用了同传里的断句和变通技巧，在"框架"后断句，"improved"翻做"改善"；加"经济增长"前加"促进"两字完句。
英译中笔记方法
英译中笔记方法 我历年的实践，发现学友们在学习口译上最大的难点在于笔记问题。因此我整理了一条实用的（E-C）英译中笔记方法，提供初涉口译的众学友学习。 首先，这里需要指出的是，大多数同学并没有意识到口译笔记的基本类型。在此为大家简述一番，其实口译笔记可以按照“源语和目标语”分为两类，在此以英语(论坛)和汉语为例。比如：“E-C”和“C-E”是两个不同的体系。（E-C即英译中；C-E即中译英）。 关于“C-E模式”的笔记，在中译英时口译者并没有听力上的挑战，所以在记录笔记时我们大都可从容应对；把握脉络、大意、关键词，并选择性的记录；而且还能保证主要意思都能记在脑中；即使没有系统训练过笔记法的学友，也可以通过强记和速写，把信息记全。 所以说，中高级口译考试时的“C-E模式”的句子或段落的笔记可以是挑选性的（selective）; 也可以做得“面面俱到”（every single point），而这时的要求就是你手写速度，清晰度（legibility）, 合理逻辑的布局和排列。 在这样的背景下，C-E模式的笔记体系就引入了大量的“符号”以简化速记的强度，提高速记的质量，使译者有更多的时间脑记。 比如这段符号：“中 e ↗+” 表示“中国经济的强劲增长。” 笔者纵观了各种专业课程、比较了热门的口译笔记法书籍，口译论坛和网站上的有关信息，发现对于这些“符号”并没有一个有明确的、规范的统一写法。完全是不同专家和从业者的各种个性化的笔记，加上一些共性的元素。比如：“全球”这个概念, 有时会写“w”；有时也写成“⊙” 。写法各异，但都属于认知常识范畴。 对于这一情况，我也反复告诫学友，口译上常见的表达和词汇，要用符号，因为用熟悉的“固定符号”更加容易想象到这些信息，所以大家就得掌握熟记这些符号，这样才可以在考试中赢得更多翻译和口译的时间。
口译案例分析
Interculture Awareness Plays an Important Role in Translation Interculture awareness, a basic talent of an interpreter, is very important. It directly influences the translation’s quality and it can be a measure of a wonderful interpreter. An interpreter with a sensitive interculture awareness can interpret more correctly and be understood more easily. At the press conference held on the March 14, 2010, the Prime Minister Wen quoted the classic Chinese poetries which are in short form but in deep meaning more than ten times in answer to foreign journalists’questions. It was rather hard to interpret those poetries, but Wen’s interpreter, Zhang Lu, translated them into English calmly, quickly and fluently, which reflected her wonderful interculture awareness. Zhang’s translation will be discussed as follows: Case: the Premier Wen said in a opening remark: “今后几年，道路依然不平坦，甚至充满荆棘。但是我们应该记住这样一条古训:行百里者半九十。不可有任何松懈麻痹和动摇。”And then he expressed that he wanted to do his best in the next three years with words quoted from《离骚》:“亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔。” Translation by Zhang: The road ahead is not a smooth one, it maybe full of twists and turns. But we should always re-member this important thing: that is half of the people who have embarked on the one hundred miles journey may fall by the way side，this means we must not slacken our efforts in the slightest, and we must not waive r in our resolve … For the ideal I hold dear to my heart，I would not regret a thousand times to die. With this strong commitment, I will continue to devote my-self to my work in the next three years. “亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔”,quoted by the Premier from 《离骚》, is familiar to most Chinese. The “九死”was translated into “a thousand times to die”is very idiomatic because Chinese always use the “三”or “九”to express “a lot of times”and Zhang translated it into a form that is familiar to foreigners. The translation of “行百里者半九十”, by contrast, is not so exact. The phrase quoted from 《战国策·秦策五》means that if one has finished 90 km in 100km-road, it is considered as that one has finished half of the road because the last 10 km is more harder than the former 90km, that is to say, one should work harder or one will fail. That phrase is often used to urge people to start well and end well. The Chinese interpreter can not translate the Chinese poetry into English very exactly in a hurry but if the interculture awareness is made most of in the translation, the interpreter will perform better. For example, the phrase can be translated into “Ninety miles is only half of a hundred miles journey”. In conclusion, interculture awareness plays an important role in translation. It can help the translator to understand the speaker better and interpret more exactly. Therefore, the interpreters should cultivate sensitive intervculture awareness to improve translation quality.
口译笔记常用符号
4.3.2 口译笔记常用符号 在学会了对原语进行逻辑和思维路线再现之后，用适当的符号替换逻辑或者思维再现图中的部分文字，实际上就是口译笔记了，当然在真实的口译实践中，笔记还可以更进一步地简化。相当多的口译初学者觉得口译员使用的符号很神秘，看起来像天书一样，进而“神话”口译员的工作。其实口译员使用的符号主要来自于原语、译入语，小部分借用了速记符号。现在我们看看口译员常用的符号来源： 4.3.2.1 汉字、汉字偏旁部首、古汉语、简化汉字、拼音 大university, adult, generous, open-minded, large-size… 中middle school, medium-sized, intermediate, in the middle of, neutral,… 小primary (elementary), kid, children, mean, petty,… 凝聚ningju或者nju 饕餮taotie或者ttie “戈”可以用来代替“武器” 偏旁部首举例： 简化汉字举例： 4.3.2.2 英语、英语字母 英语单词的缩写规律：保留单词的辅音，去除元音，当然首字母是元音必须保留。一般保留三至五个辅音就可以帮助回忆整个单词，例如： impoverishment: impvr
debility: dblt rejuvenate: rjvn department: dpt standard: std reference: rfr 口译学习者还需要记住常用国际组织、专用名词、国家名及其首都名的缩写，例如： UN, UNESCO, NATO, APEC, OPEC, … Intellectual property protection: IPP NK, SK, CN, US, UK… 口译学习者还可以自己开动脑筋，充分发挥自己的创造性和想象力，开发出简介实用的笔记符号，下面以英文大写字母为例，看看如何创造性地在笔记中使用这些大写字母： A: first, top, excellent, extraordinary, outstanding, remarkable, unusual E: eyesight, economy, economic, economical, electronic, East F: failure, false, wrong, not true, full, flag G: government, God H: health, help, support, connect, bridge, cross, Hour I: I / we, my (our) party, eye L: long, lengthen, prolong M: money, mail, mother, mountain, movement, McDonald, man, May, Member (ship), mm… N: nose, nation, name, nothing, no, negation, deny, need, necessary, North O: zero, circle, old, orange, our, one, empty, world, all, success, complete P: pm, peace, park, pay, politics, people, perfect, president, prime minister, head, flagship Q: quality, quantity, quarter, question, cute, balloon, head, suspect, doubt, unknown, difficulty R: respect, representative, request, about, relations, return S: smile, snake, turns and twists, society, social, silence, curve, slim T: time, tea, cross-disciplinary, compound, T-shirt, T-stage, disagreement, dispute, disapproval U: you (your party), pitfall, trap, recycle, cycle, return, valley V: victory, triumph, vs, valley, bottom, tip W: west, western, wave, fluctuate, ups and downs X: X-ray, XL, wrong, negation, cross, times, execute, kill Y: why, year, yes, approve, agree, young, deviate, tree, servant Z: zero, zoo, last, zigzag, turns and twists, dream, sleep (comic strip) 从以上例子可以看出，我们可以从拼写、发音以及字母的结构等方面来进行联想，在笔记中创造性地使用这些符号。 4.3.2.3 箭头 箭头在口译笔记中的使用可以毫不夸张地说“占了半壁江山”，首先动词的位置往往由右箭头代替。下面看看箭头的用法：
口译中的逻辑分析
口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析，纵向分析是指分清关键信息和辅助信息，即找出逻辑的层次；横向分析则是明确各信息点之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比对照、举例说明等。逻辑分析的目的是为了透彻地理解原语讲话的内容，对信息的点（具体的信息内容）、线（各点之间的联系）和面（即整体概念）进行全面的把握，以便于记忆和表达。信息经过分析加工，便能在记忆中留下更深的印象。 逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析练习。纵向分析的训练方法和概述练习有些类似，但侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求进行逻辑分层训练，即在听完一篇讲话后首先用一句话概括出讲话的中心内容，这是逻辑的最上层；围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面的内容，这是第二层关系；而每个方面又具体谈了些什么，这是逻辑的下一个层次。将信息一层一层地剖析下去，形成一个清晰的逻辑线路图，然后按照逻辑线路对原语讲话进行复述，复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结构。 横向分析的练习则要求我们找出信息之间的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构都遵从一定的逻辑关系模式，如：概括（generalization）、分类（classification）、因果（cause-effect）、对比对照（compare & contrast）、按照时间、空间、步骤、重要性的顺序排列（sequencing）、列举（simple listing）、提出问题-解决问题（problem-solution）等。找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇，如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇有：to sum up, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, on the whole等；表示顺序的词汇有：first, second, furthermore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile 等；表示对比的词汇有：likewise, as well as, in common with, both, similarly，compared to等；表示对照的有：on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, instead, still, yet, whereas, differently等；表示因果的则有：so, since, because, as a result, consequently, lead to等等。 逻辑分析要求在听取信息时不是被动地接收，而是在全神贯注地收听的同时，结合自己对口译情境和讲话人背景的了解，进行合理的分析和预测，这样才能更好地跟上讲话人的思路，缓解“听”的压力，使口译理解更轻松更准确。
林超伦讲解实战口译笔记要点精解
林超伦讲解实战口译笔记要点 笔记是高级口译的关键。使用笔记，是为了补充大脑短期记忆和耐久力的不足，以保证译文的精确度，并保证其不受讲话人持续时间的影响。 如果完全依赖记忆，又没有异常的天赋，即使精力充沛的年青人，也不能胜任高级口译对精确度和耐久力的要求。实际例子，我在工作中多次碰到过。高级口译员没有不靠笔记的。但是，高级口译使用的笔记与一般的概念，风马牛不相及。 请注意，每个人的记忆，思维，和反应都有各自的特点。没有必要全部照搬我的方法。最好用的笔记方式是你自己发展出来的，适合自己的系统。我的介绍是为了给你开个头，起个指点方向，打开思路的作用。 比如，笔记越简单，记录就越迅速。但笔记简单了，对短期记忆的要求就相对提高了。所以，笔记多少为最佳，因人而易，需要摸索出适合于自己的平衡。 要点是： 1. 少写多划。划线条比写文字快。线条形象，相当于翻译的"半成品"，有助译员眼看笔记，口出译文。两种情况下应该尽量用线条： 表示动作和动态的词句。比如，以上升的斜线代表"发展"，"增加"，"进步","进一步"；以下降的斜线代表"减少"，"下降"，"恶化"等等。 表示因果或前后关系的词句。比如，用一条线代表"因为/所以"，"…之后"，"在…之前"，以体现出上下前后之间的关联关系。 2. 少字多意。养成一个词的笔记不超过一个字的习惯。中文里有大量的词汇是由两个，或两个以上的字组成。只要看到其中一个，你的短期记忆就应该能够补齐其余的字。不必多写。比如，"中国"最多写个"中"。"北京"最多写个"北"。英文词也同理处理。"politics" 最多写"poli"，"government"最多写"gov"，等等。另外，需要培养以笔记与记忆互动；看到一个字能说出几个字，甚至一串词的能力。在有上下文的情况下，这不难。比如，谈中国的近况，听到"改革，开放"记一个"改"字，不难从短期记忆中说出原文。听到"British Prime Minister Tony Blair"，记"PM"，也同样能说出原文。 3. 少线多指。通用一小组线条/标记。否则在自己本来熟悉的中英文之外，又编出一套自己不熟悉的文码使用，会导致需要想一想用哪个符号的情况，适得其反。 4. 少横多竖。采取从上往下的阶梯结构记录，尽量少用通常书写时的横向记录。阶梯结构形象地体现出上下文的逻辑结构，简化了译员的思维过程，方便出译文。 5. 快速书写。必须发展自己的汉字快速书写系统。口译笔记完全是自己看，而且只需要几分钟之内能看懂就行。很多汉字笔划减少后，并不影响确认。我这里讲的不是潦草，而是除了实际口译经常不得不潦草之外，花一些时间，把练习中或口译工作中常用的字琢磨一下，看看可以怎样减少笔划，或理顺笔划，一笔成字。
英语即兴演讲稿与英语口译中的演讲技巧分析汇编
英语即兴演讲稿范文 i like to look into the mirror. i remember when i was a little girl, i often stood on my toes, trying to find my face in the mirror of the dressing table, which was nearly as high as i was. now i still like to look into the mirror. only now, the dressing table is too low for me. as i bend down, i see the face of a young woman, glowing with maturity, confident in her future and fascinated with her own reflection. the fact that i like to look into the mirror has to do with my granny with whom i spent most of my childhood. i remember clearly that one night i heard her murmuring, "women can't be seen. women can't be seen." i was so confused as to look into the mirror the next morning to check if i could indeed see myself. only now as a young woman myself, can i understand that it was not physical visibility that granny had on her mind. granny spent all her life taking care of the family, day in and day out. she cooked for her husband and 10 children. but whenever guests came, she and other female family members had to eat by the stove in the small kitchen. at family discussions, she was never asked for her opinion. after grandpa passed away, she had to listen to my uncle, her eldest son, fulfilled her duty as daughter, wife, and mother; yet as a person, she remained little noticed. even though she could see herself in the mirror of the dressing table, she was never visible in the mirror of society. i have been living a different life. at home, i make decisions together with the rest of the family. in school, i often take charge of various activities the same as other boys and girls. not only that, i can see something granny could not have dreamed of─making decisions for my own future. my life has been a series of decisions. i could choose from several universities as i came out of high school. at university, i could choose from a range of subjects from english literature to business law. and now upon graduation, i am again faced with decisions─to further my study or to go to work; to stay in china or to go abroad; to get married right away or to remain single for a bit longer. it does not matter whether or not i will bee famous or rich, but i will treasure the chance to demonstrate my potential and to help other women demonstrate theirs as full members of society, fully visible in the mirror of history. i will treasure it because the abundance of choice that i enjoy came only after decades of efforts made by my granny, my mum, and millions of other chinese women. however, the choices to be made by me and others of my generation are a great challenge. the misconception that men are superior to women is still dominating many people's minds. while men are encouraged to pete and to assert themselves, we are expected to be quiet, loyal 第1 页共5 页
英语口译笔记方法(3)
口译中的笔记 一、缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如 IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。熟练掌握缩略词，大有裨益。 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式： 拿掉所有元音 MKT:market MGR:manager MSG:message STD:standard RCV:receive 保留前几个字母 INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU I/O In stead of 保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK week RM room PL people 根据发音 R are
THO though THRU through 口译听力常用英语缩略词表 缩略词原词 APT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT Accept AD Advertisement ADS Address ADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount APV Approve ASAP As soon as possible BAL Balance BLDG Building CERT Certificate CFM Conform CNCL Cancel CNF Conference CMI Commission CMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitive CMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned
口译中的逻辑分析
口译中的逻辑分析 口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析，纵向分析是指分清关键信息和辅助信息，即找出逻辑的层次；横向分析则是明确各信息点之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比对照、举例说明等。逻辑分析的目的是为了透彻地理解原语讲话的内容，对信息的点（具体的信息内容）、线（各点之间的联系）和面（即整体概念）进行全面的把握，以便于记忆和表达。信息经过分析加工，便能在记忆中留下更深的印象。 逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析练习。纵向分析的训练方法和概述练习有些类似，但侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求进行逻辑分层训练，即在听完一篇讲话后首先用一句话概括出讲话的中心内容，这是逻辑的最上层；围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面的内容，这是第二层关系；而每个方面又具体谈了些什么，这是逻辑的下一个层次。将信息一层一层地剖析下去，形成一个清晰的逻辑线路图，然后按照逻辑线路对原语讲话进行复述，复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结构。 横向分析的练习则要求我们找出信息之间的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构都遵从一定的逻辑关系模式，如：概括（generalization）、分类（classification）、因果（cause-effect）、对比对照（compare & contrast）、按照时间、空间、步骤、重要性的顺序排列（sequencing）、列举（simple listing）、提出问题-解决问题（problem-solution）等。找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇，如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇有：to sum up, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, on the whole 等；表示顺序的词汇有：first, second, furthermore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile等；表示对比的词汇有：likewise, as well as, in common with, both, similarly，compared to等；表示对照的有：on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, instead, still, yet, whereas, differently等；表示因果的则有：so, since, because, as a result, consequently, lead to等等。 逻辑分析要求在听取信息时不是被动地接收，而是在全神贯注地收听的同时，结合自己对口译情境和讲话人背景的了解，进行合理的分析和预测，这样才能更好地跟上讲话人的思路，缓解“听”的压力，使口译理解更轻松更准确。
口译笔记文献综述汇编
国内外口译笔记研究综述 口译，是通过口译员在极其有限的时间内，听辨原语，进行理解和解码（即建立意义单位，脱离语言外壳，从整体上把握信息），然后进行信息储存（脑记辅以笔记），再在头脑中转换信息，进行信息编码，最后创造性地用目标语“复述”给受众的一个过程。口译的时间性和加工过程的复杂性，要求译员熟练的掌握各种专业技能，而口译笔记就是即席传译（交替传译）中必须掌握的一种（吴钟明，2008：1）。 口译笔记法是口译员在紧张的会场气氛中，在不干扰听辨源语的情况下，迅速地以简便的符号、文字等记录讲话重点内容信息的一种笔记方法。他只需要记录重点语义信息点和语言逻辑结构。简单来说，它是由符号、文字加上斜线以及并列符、连接符和趋向符等来体现句与句之间的逻辑关系（吴钟明，2008：1）。口译笔记能对大脑短时记忆起到很好的辅助作用和提示作用。其重要性主要体现在，它能有效地减轻译员大脑的负担，弥补其短时记忆的不足。另外，口译中做笔记的过程也是一个很好的思维整理过程，有助于译员把被动记忆转化为主动记忆，提高口译记忆的效率（王斌华，2006：26）。 Danica Seleskovitch在对比“字面直译”和“反思性翻译”的基础上提出了“脱离语言外壳”的理念，成为巴黎学派的“释意理论”的源头（仲伟合，2012：28）。他和Marianne Lederer于20世纪70年代提出了释意理论，构建了一个“口译三角模型”，强调译员在理解的过程中应“脱离语言外壳”，抓住意义（仲伟合，2012：30，77）。20世纪90年代以来，以Gile（1990；1994a,1994b）为代表的不少学者开始质疑释意理论，认为其研究方法缺乏实证性的检验，研究路径缺乏与相关学科的互动交流，术语界定过于模糊（仲伟合，2012：35）。Gile(1995/2011)构建了交替传译和同声传译“认知负荷模型”假说，指出了两个可能导致口译过程中出现认知处理问题的触发原因：一个事单个任务的精力分配不够；二是任务总和的认知负荷接近饱和水平。从理论的经验层面来看，该假说可以用于解释一些口译的策略，如笔记要力求精简，记录过程尽量自动化，以求单个任务所占用的精力少一些（仲伟合，2012：36-37）。 根据在CNKI和web of science上搜索得到的数据，1995年至2014年间，国内共发表口译（英汉）笔记研究方面的论文125篇，国外共发表论文8篇（目前图书馆资源只有这么多），研究内容主要集中在以下4个方面：口译笔记技巧与策略，口译笔记教学，口译笔记理论和口译笔记发在其他英语教学领域的中的应用。这里主要叙述口译笔记技巧与策略和笔记教学。 1.笔记技巧与策略主要归纳和总结了笔记的语言，格式，方法，工具，符号和缩略语
口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析
口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析
Module 2 Logical analysis I Theory and skills 口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析，纵向分析是指分清关键信息和辅助信息，即找出逻辑的层次；横向分析则是明确各信息点之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比对照、举例说明等。逻辑分析的目的是为了透彻地理解原语讲话的内容，对信息的点（具体的信息内容）、线（各点之间的联系）和面（即整体概念）进行全面的把握，以便于记忆和表达。信息经过分析加工，便能在记忆中留下更深的印象。 逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析练习。纵向分析的训练方法和第一课介绍的概述练习有些类似，但侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求进行逻辑分层训练，即在听完一篇讲话后首先用一句话概括出讲话的中心内容，这是逻辑的最上层；围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面的内容，这是第二层关系；而每个方面又具体谈了些什么，这是逻辑的下一个层次。例如第一课的
练习1.1介绍了三种错误的饭后习惯，这三种习惯分别是：饭后立即吃水果、喝茶和散步；针对每一种错误习惯，分析了其原因，提出了正确的做法；在原因里又提到几种原因，分别是……。就这样将信息一层一层地剖析下去，形成一个清晰的逻辑线路图，然后按照逻辑线路对原语讲话进行复述，复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结构。 横向分析的练习则要求我们找出信息之间的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构都遵从一定的逻辑关系模式，如：概括（generalization）、分类（classification）、因果（cause-effect）、对比对照（compare & contrast）、按照时间、空间、步骤、重要性的顺序排列（sequencing）、列举（simple listing）、提出问题-解决问题（problem-solution）等。找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇，如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇有：to sum up, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, on the whole等；表示顺序的词汇有：first, second, furthermore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile 等；表示对比的词汇有：likewise, as well as, in
口译笔记符号
口译记录的常用符号 a.图标符号: ↑ : 上升, 发展, 扩大, 加强等(grow, develop, expand, strengthen, etc.) ↓ :下降, 减少, 恶化, 裁减(drop to, reduce, deteriorate, cut down ) → ：导致，输出，派遣, 进入, 结论(result in, export to, send to, enter, draw a conclusion） ：来自，源于，追溯至, 进口，收到(come from, originate from, date back, import from, receive from）：国家(country, state, nation） ：国内(domestic, internal, home） ：国外(external, overseas, abroad） ⊙：开会,会议,研讨会,讨论,谈判(meeting, conference, seminar, discussion, negotiation）（图像表示“圆桌”） ∪：协议,协定,条约,合同(agreement, accord, treaty, contract) （图像表示“酒杯”，含有庆祝的意思）如: 双边条约(bilateral treaty)可写成: ; 三边协定(trilateral agreement )可写成: ; °：人, 人们(person, people) （图像表示“人头”） 如: 美国人可写成: “US°” ; 中国人可写成: “中°” ; ♂：男性,男人(male, man） ♀：女性,女人(female, woman） Δ：代表(on behalf of） ：对立,冲突(confrontation, conflict） ~ ：交流,交换, 相互(exchange, replace, each other） ?：疑问,问题,提问(doubt , problem, question, ask） : ：说,告诉,认为,声明,例如(say, speak, tell, think, declare, such as, like）( )：包括,在…之中/内,封闭(including, within, among, inside, seclusion）∈：属于,归于,归属(belong to ,be part of, fall into, pertain to) // ：停顿,停止,终止(stop, halt） & ：和,与…一起(and, together with） …：等等(and so on, and so forth, and the like, etc.) √：正确,好,肯定的,积极的,同意(correct, good, affirmative, certain, positive, agree） ×：不/非,错误的,坏的,不好的, 否定的(not, no, wrong, incorrect, bad, notorious, negative) ☆：杰出的,优秀的,最佳的,重要的,榜样(outstanding, excellent, best, important, model）（星光璀璨，表示“优秀,突出”） ：高兴,开心,愉快,兴奋(happy, pleased, delightful, joyful, excited）（这是个脸谱图像符号，嘴巴向上翘，表示“开心”） ：不满,生气,不开心,郁闷(unsatisfied, angry, unhappy, gloomy)（嘴巴向 下 撇，表示“不高兴”） ：惊讶,惊奇,吃惊,震惊(surprised , astonished , amazed, shocked )（嘴巴张大，表示“吃惊”） ：害怕,恐惧,恐慌(scared , frightened, panic ) （两只眼睛张大，表示“恐