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牛津英语9AUnit 6 Detective stories语法知识点总结及练习(附答案)

Unit 6 Detective stories(B)

一. 教学内容：

9A Unit 6 Grammar

二. 教学目标：

1. 直接引语和间接引语的基本概念

2. 间接引语中的难点

【具体教学过程】

(一) 间接引语中常用动词辨析

1. take / bring

用“bring” and “take” 填空:

1). When you go to the party, don’t forget to__________ the wine with you.

2). Look at the c loud. It’s going to rain. You’d better_______ an umbrella with you when you go to work.

3). _____________ the empty box away and _________ me a full one.

4). __________________ this present to your uncle’s house.

5). Don’t forget to ___________________ som e CDs when come to visit us on Sunday.

2. listen(to)/ hear

When we listen carefully, we can hear something.

用“hear” and “listen (to)” 填空:

1). I_________________ a strange noise in the midnight yesterday.

2). He was ______________________ to the radio when I came into the room.

3). I _____________ and ____________ , but I could ______________ nothing at all.

4). Can you _______________ the telephone ringing?

5). ________________ to that noise. It sounds like someone is moving further.

6). It was so noisy th at I couldn’t ___________________ the report.

3. look/ see /watch

用“look”, “see” and “watch”填空:

1). ___________________! There are so many people there. What’s happening ?

2). Would you please ___________________the blackboard instead of reading your book?

3).They went to _________________the birds in the forest once a week and make some notes about it.

4). He _______________the paper for a while ,but________________ nothing on it .

5). __________________ at that dog. It’s so fat.

6). I can’t ________________ the dog. Where is it ?

7). If you ____________________ the program tonight, you will see your favorite singer.

4. come / go

用come and go填空:

1). When will your mother ________________ back from Beijing ?

2). My father will ____________ to Shanghai for business next week.

3). There are so many cars and buses _________________and ______________ on the road.

4). Do you want to _______________ to my house ? We can watch TV together.

5). Sorry, I can’t. I have to _______________ to see my uncle in hospital.

（二）直接引语和间接引语的基本概念：

直接引述别人的原话，叫____________;

用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫_________。

直接引语通常都用____________括起来，

间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个_______________。

直接引语:

She said, “I like singing. ”

She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”

She said, “I visited Europe last year.”

She said, “I have never met an American.”

She said, “I will see you next week.”

间接引语：

She said she liked singing.

She said she was waiting for a bus.

She said she had visited Europe the year before.

She said she had never met an American.

She said she would see me the next week.

（三）间接引语Reported Speech

直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话用引号，而间接引语是引述别人的话，不用引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。

1. 直接引语转换成间接引语时应注意几个变化:

1) 不再有逗号,引号

2) 要考虑人称的变化

3) 要考虑时态的变化

4) 要考虑时间状语、地点状语以及指示代词的变化

She said, “I have worked here since 2002. ”

She said that she had worked there since 2002

Mum said, “I will be back tomorrow.”

Mum said that she would be back the next day.

2. 难点概括：

A .人称的变化

主语为第一人称时，转变为间接引语后，人称要做相应的调整。例如：

She said,“I am tired.”

She said that she was tired.

The headmaster said to us,“ You must study hard now.”

The headmaster told us that we had to study hard then。

She said to me ,“They want to help you .”

She told me that they wanted to help me .

由直接引语变为间接引语，代词的人称转换可用“一主，二宾，三不变”来概括．

B.时态的变化：

1. 主句谓语是现在时，从句的时态不变

He often says, “ China is great.”

He often says that China is great.

He asks, “Is Tom an Englishman?”

He asks if/whether Tom is an Englishman.

2. 主句谓语是过去时，从句的时态要相应地降一级

一般现在时（do/does）———一般过去时(did)

一般将来时(will do) ———过去将来时(would do)

现在进行时(is/are doing) ——过去进行时(was /were doing)

现在完成时(have/has done)——过去完成时(had done)

一般过去时(did)———过去完成时(had done)

I have received the letter. Tom said.

Tom said that he had received the letter.

3. 直接引语改为间接引语时时态不变的情况

(1) 当表示的是客观事实或真理的时候,时态不变。

The teacher told us , “The sun rises in the east.”

The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.

（2）强调的动作或状态现在仍然存在, 时态不变。

Yesterday Jack said to me, “My cousin is still alive.”

Yesterday Jack told me that his cousin is still alive.

（3）当直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间作状语时，间接引语中保持原来的一般过去时。

He said, “ I joined the army in 1934.”

He said he joined the army in 1934.

C.句子类型的变化

1. 被引用的句子是陈述句, 只需要在句子前面加that ,在口语中及非正式用语中常常省略,如:

Dad said to me, “I enjoy cartoons very much.”

Dad told me (that) he enjoys cartoons very much.

2. 如果被引用的句子是一般疑问句，否定疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，这个时候要用if / whether 引导从句。如:

He asked, “Do you like Chinese tea?”

He asked me if/ whether I liked Chinese tea.

She said, “Don’t you know his name?”

She asked whether/if I knew his name .

“ You are reading, aren’t you?” he said to me.

He asked me whether I was reading or not.

whether/ if 之异同：

(1) 强调两方面的选择，特别是句中有or not时。如：

Let me know whether you can come or not.

(2) 宾语从句前置时。如：

Whether this is true, I can’t say.

(3) 引导主语、表语、同位语从句时。如：

Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. （主语从句）

The question is whether he can do it. （表语从句）

The question whether we should go with them must be decided at once. （同位语从句）

(4) 在介词之后作介词的宾语时。如：

I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.

(5) 在不定式前与不定式一起组成词组时。如：

Whether to go or stay is still a question.

(6) 在discuss, decide 等动词后作宾语时。如：

We discussed whether we should go there by plane.

if引导条件状语从句，是“假如；如果”之意，

whether引导让步状语从句，是“不管；无论” 之意。

If you ask him, he will help you.

I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home.

3. 当被引用的句子是特殊疑问句时, 要把特殊疑问句改为以特殊疑问词开头, 并且用陈述句语序,如:

Lily asked me, “Who is that man?”

Lily asked me who that man was.

Tina wondered, “How long have they stayed in Japan?”

Tina wondered how long they had stayed in Japan.

4. 当被引用的句子是祈使句时,改为间接引语时要把祈使句中的动作用动词不定式to do的形式表示,而主句中的动词根据句子意思可以用ask, want , tell , order等表示，如:

Tommy said to Linda, “Go to close the door.”

Tommy asked Linda to go to close the door.

The man said to the children, “Don’t play with fire.”

The man told / ordered the children not to play with fire.

句子类型变化表格：

He said that he would go there the next day .

E .时间状语的变化

巩固练习：

把下列句子改成间接引语:

1. Jones said, “I will visit Australia next year.”

Jones said _______________ ___________ __________Australia the next year.

2. Shirley asked Mary, “Are you from America?”

Shirley asked Mary ____________ _____________ ____________from America. 3. He said to me ,“What are you doing over here?”

He asked me ____________ ____________ _____________doing over___________.

4. I asked her, “How long have you had this new bicycle?”

I asked her how long ____________ ___________ ____________ this new bicycle.

5. “I like apples”, he said.

He said that _______ ___________apples.

【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）

一、用间接引语完成下列句子

*1. “I am doing some important work,” Mr Smith said.

Mr Smith said ____________ some important work.

**2. “Who are you looking for?” Tom asked Sandy.

Tom asked Sandy ______________________ .

*3. “Do you want me to help you with your English?” asked he.

He asked _________________ help me with ___ English.

4. “I want to know if you can learn it by yourselves,” the teacher said.

The teacher said _____________ to know if we ___________ it by _________. 5. “Do you know the answer?” our teacher asked.

Our teacher asked_______________ the answer.

*6. Millie asked, “Where is my book?”

Millie asked where ______________.

7. She said, “I’m doing my homework. ”

She said that______ _______ doing __________homework.

*8. “I have received the letter,” said Tom.

Tom said that _________ __________received the letter.

9. “I don’t see the cat,” he said.

He said that _____ _________see the cat.

10. “I will be late for school,” said Kate.

Kate said that _______ ___________ ________late for school.

11. George said , “I like maths very much.”

George said that _____ ______ maths very much.

*12. Lucy said , “ I’ll come here tomorrow .”

Lucy said that ______________________________.

13. Peter said , “ I can answer this question.”

Peter said (that) ______________________________.

14. They said , “ We are cleaning the classroom.”

They said ______________________________.

15. Tom said , “ I will go to the park tomorrow.”

Tom said ______________________________.

16. Tony said to the teacher , “ I’m sorry I haven’t brought my maths exercises-book.”

Tom told the teacher ______________________________.

17. The teacher asked , “ How did you repair it?”

The teacher asked ______________________________.

**18. Mother said , “ Wash your hands before meals.”

Mother told ______________________________.

**19. He said t o Dr. Bethune , “Don’t go on operating any more.”

He told Dr. Bethune ______________________________.

**20. The policeman said to the children , “ Don’t play in the street.”

The policeman told the children ______________________________.

* 二、将下列间接引语转换成直接引语：

1. Betty asked me if I had been at home the day before.

Betty asked me，“___ ___ at home ___?”

2. She said that she had been back for a week.

She said，“___ ___ ___ for a week.”

3. Mr. Smith said that John had told him all about it three weeks before.

Mr. Smith said，“John ___ ___ all about it three weeks ___.”

4. The teacher asked his student why she had made so many mistakes in the test that time.

The teacher asked his student，“Why __ __ __ so many mistakes in the test __ time?”

5. The teacher asked us whether we were ready.

The teacher asked us，“___ ___ ___?”

6. The teacher told her not to be late any more.

The teacher ___ ___ her，“___ ___ late any more!”

7. My doctor told me not to read in bed.

My doctor ___ ___ me，“___ ___ in bed.”

8. Liu Ying told me that she would help me with my English.

Liu Ying said to me，“___ ___ help ___ with ___ English.”

9. Do you know what factory his father works in?

What factory ___ his father ___ in? Do you know?

10. The monitor told us that we were going to have a meeting the next day.

The monitor said, “We ___ ___ to have a meeting ___.”

三、单项选择

1. Mr Wu said he ________ us to the zoo that week.

A. would take

B. will take

C. take

D. takes

2. The witness said he _____ under the table at that time.

A. hide

B. have hidden

C. was hiding

D. hidden

3. The police asked if anyone ____ tell him some information.

A. could

B. can

C. is able to

D. will

*4. Can you tell me _____?

A. how far is it

B. how can I get there

C. how can I get to there

D. how I can get there

5. Sandy said she ________ all the work.

A. finished

B. had finished

C. has finished

D. will finish

6. He said he ________ his book at your home.

A. leave

B. leaves

C. had left

D. was leaving

四、阅读理解

We know that many animals do not stay in the same place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more easily, but some move to get away from places that are too crowded.

When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration is probably the migration of one kind of fish, which is called “salmon”. This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many mil es to salt water. There it spends most of its life. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies there. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain home when it becomes too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea.

Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster(龙虾). Every year, when the season of the bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the bottom of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go.

So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other times we don’t. Maybe living things just like to travel.

**( )1. The main reason why animals move from one place to another is ________.

A. to find food more easily

B. that they are afraid of humans

C. that they feel too crowded

D. that they don’t like the same pla ce

( )2. The salmon is born in ________ and live in ________ most of the time.

A. warm water; fresh water

B. cold water; salt water

C. fresh water; salt water

D. warm water; cold water

*( )3. The underlined word “migration” in the second paragraph means “______” in Chinese.

A. 撤退

B. 迁徙

C. 活动

D. 游动

( )4. The lobsters usually move when ________.

A. the place is crowded

B. winter comes

C. the bad weather arrives

D. they give birth

**( )5. What’s the main idea of this passage?

A. The migration of some animals.

B. Why living things like to travel.

C. Some interesting fishes.

D. Some interesting animals

【试题答案】

一、用间接引语完成下列句子

1. he was doing

2. who she was looking for

3. if I wanted him to, my

4. he/she wanted, could learn, ourselves

5. if we knew

6. her book was

7. she was, her

8. he had

9. he didn’t

10. she would be

11. he liked/ likes

12. she would go there the next day

13. he could answer that question

14. they were cleaning the classroom

15. he would go to the park the next day

16. he was sorry he hadn’t take n his maths exercises-book

17. how I had repaired it

18. me to wash my hands before meals

19. not to go on operating any more

20. not to play in the street

二、将下列间接引语转换成直接引语：

1. Were you, yesterday

2. I was back

3. told him, ago

4. did you make, this

5. Are you ready

6. said to, Don’t be

7. said to, Don’t read

8. I will, you, your

9. does, work

10. are going, tomorrow

三、单项选择

A C A D

B C

四、阅读理解

A C

C A

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六年级下册英语重点语法 1、现在进行时（表示现在正在进行的或不断重复的动作，句子中常出现now,look,listen 等标志性词语；表示目前这个阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻不一定正在进行。）句型：主语+be(am/is/are)+动词ing形式+其他例如：He is reading a newspaper now.他现在正在看报纸。 Mr Green is teaching English in our school.格林先生在我们学校教英语。 2、一般过去时（表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。标志词：yesterday/last week等）句型：主语+动词的过去式+其他例句：I played football last weekend.上周末，我踢足球了。 3、含有will的一般将来时（表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。）句型：主语+will+动词原形+其他例句：I will go to a summer camp this year.今年我将要去参加一个夏令营。 4、一般现在时的一般疑问句含有实意动词的一般疑问句：在一般现在时的肯定句前加 Do/Does构成，句末用问号。如果是第三人称单数形式，动词要恢复原形。例句：Do you get up at six o’clock in the morning你早上六点起床吗 Does she go to bed at nine o’clock in the evening她晚上九点上床睡觉吗含有be动词的一般现在时变一般疑问句就是把be动词提前到主语前，句末用问号。例句：Are you a student你是一名学生吗 Is she ten她十岁了吗 5、比较级句子(含有than的比较句表达的是两者之间的比较) 句型：A+be+比较级+than+B（A比B……）than后边可以加主格也可以加宾格。例句：John is shorter than Mike.约翰比麦克高。 He is stronger than she/her.他比她强壮。 6、介词的用法 (一)表示时间的（at 、on、in、at、before ,after） (1)at:用于表示时刻，时间的某一点。 at noon在午时 at night在夜间 at present目前 (2)on:用于星期，某天，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时，一律用) on Sunday 在星期天 on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on march 8 在3月8日 (3)in:用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。 in 1999 在1999年 in November 在11月份 in summer 在夏季 in the afternoon在下午过……后(未来时间) I think he will be back in an hour .我想他一小时后就会回来。 I heard that she would be back in a month.我听说她一个月后回来的。 (4)before：在……之前 /after：在……之后/during：在……期间（二）表示地点（at、in、on 、under、over、above、below、near、by、between、among、around、around、in front of、behind、in 、into、out of、along、across、,through、to、for、from) (1) at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所) at home在家 at 320 Xinfu district 在新抚区320号 at the station 在火车站 (2)in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所) She will arrive in shanghai at ten .10点她将到达上海。 (3)表示地点方向的on ,under ,over ,above ,below on:在……上面，有接触面：on the table 在桌子上面 (4)above:在……上方 /under：在……下面，在……之内/ between:在两者之间 /among:在三者或者更多的之中 /around:环绕，在…..的周围，在……的四周/ in 2

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人教版七年级（上册）英语知识点第一块国际音标国际音标是一种工具，其作用是标记英语字母和单词的读音。 1、20个元音单元音：／i:／Ee、／з:／her ／u:／do ／I／it ／?／about ／u／book ／ɑ:／are ／／or ／?／any ／／us ／／off ／e／at 双元音：／／Ii ／／out ／／ear ／／Aa，／／Oo ／／air ／／boy ／／sure 2、28辅音：成对的清浊辅音：／p／map ／t／it ／k／book ／f／off ／θ／math ／s／yes ／b／club ／d／dad ／g／big ／v／have ／e／this ／z／zoo ／／fish ／／watch ／tr／tree ／ts／its ／／usually ／／orange ／dr／dress ／dz／beds 其他辅音：／m／am ／n／and ／／English ／l／like ／h／hello ／r／red ／w／what ／j／yes 3、国际音标拼读规则：辅见元，碰一碰。／l／在前，发本音；音节后面卷下舌。／p／、／t／、／k／、／tr ／清辅音，／s／后读成浊辅音。本块词汇: speak说讲start开始school学校 s trict严格的out外面club俱乐部usually通常 dress化妆about关于大约us我们her她的ear耳朵English英语sure当然可以air空气or或者any一些boy男孩orange橙子,桔子map地图tree树math数学 off离开watch观看手表do做 like喜欢 beds床what什么hello喂是的red红色的yes是的 book书its它的 zoo动物园fish鱼dad爸爸big大的have有this这it它 Starter unit1-3 一、文化常识 1、英语文化区域，熟人之间见面，常要互相问好。早上用语Good morning ! 下午用语Good afternoon ! 晚上用语Good evening ! 例如：

牛津上海版英语四年级上语法全)

英语笔记
（四、五年级）
目录
1. 音标……………………………………………………………………(P1-6) 2. 反义词…………………………………………………………………(P7) 3. 人称代词………………………………………………………………(P8) 4. 动名词…………………………………………………………………(P9) 5. 可数名词的复数变化形式……………………………………………(P10)
6. 《 7. 星期和月份的词汇……………………………………………………(P11) 8. 基数词和序数词的用法………………………………………………(P12) 9. to be 句型……………………………………………………………(P13) 10. 含有 have/has 的句型…………………………………………………(P14) 11. can 句型…………………………………………………………………(P15) 12. there be 句型……………………………………………………………(P16) 13. 祈使句……………………………………………………………………(P17) 14. to do 句型………………………………………………………………(P18)
15. 。 16. 改写句子 1-----否定句……………………………………………………(P19) 17. 改写句子 2-----一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答…………………………(P20) 18. 改写句子 3----特殊疑问句………………………………………………(P21)
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(完整版)六年级英语语法知识点汇总

六年级语法总复习亠、词汇（一）一般过去时态一般过去时态表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如 yesterday, last weeke nd ,last Saturday , 等连用。基本句型：主语+动词的过去式+其他。例句---------- What did you do last weekend? 你上周做什么了？ ---- I played football last weeke nd. 我踢足球了。 ★规则动词过去式的构成 1. 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。例如：play —played 2. 词尾是e的动词直接加-d。例如：dance —da need 3. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。例如stop （停止）--stopped 4. 结尾是“辅音字母+y ”的动词，变“ y”为“ i”，再加-ed，例如：study-studied ★ 一些不规则变化的动词过去式 am/is —was are —were go -—went swim -— swam fly —flew do —did have —had say —-said see—sawtake —took come —came become —became get—got draw —drew hurt — -hurt read —read tell —told will —would eat — ate take —took make —made drink —drank sleep （睡觉）—slept cut （切）--cut sit（坐）—sat begin（开始）—began th ink —thought find —found run（跑）---ra n buy —bought win -— won give（给）—gave sing —sang leave —left hear （听）--heart wear ——wore （二）一般现在时态一般现在时态表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态，表示习惯性或客观存在的事实和真理。常与ofte n ,always ,usually ‘sometimes ,every day等连用。基本句型分为两种情况： ?主语（非第三人称）+ 动词原形+ 其他。例句：----What do you usually do on the weeke nd? --------------- I usually do my homework on the weeke nd. ?主语（第三人称）+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他。例句： ---- What does Sarah usually do on the weeke nd? 萨拉通常在周末干什么？ ---- She usually does her homework on the weeke nd. 她通常在周末做她的家庭作业。 ★动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则 1 一般直接在动词词尾加-s.例如：play —plays 2. 以s ,x ,ch,sh 结尾的动词加-es。例如：watch —watches 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加es,例如：fly —flies 4. 个别不规则变化动词，需单独记忆，例如：do —does go —goes （三）现在进行时态

初三英语语法知识点

1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用

should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。

3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与Which...? 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：