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九年级前十单元语法知识总结

九年级第一单元到第十单元语法知识归纳

感叹句

感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。

一、由"what"引导的感叹句："what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语.

如：① What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！

② What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！

③ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！

④ What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀！

⑤ What deli cious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！

⑥ What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！

二、由"how"引导的感叹句："how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语.

如：① How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！

② How nice the pictur es are! 多么漂亮的图画呀！

③ How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！

④ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！

⑤ How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀！

三、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。

如：① What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！

② What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀！

③ What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀！

④ How cool! 好凉快呀！

⑤ How wonderful! 精彩极了！

一、由 what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：

1. 可用句型：“ What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：

What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！

What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！

2. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：

What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！

What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊！

3. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！”。如：

What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！

What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊！

二、由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：

1. 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语！”。如：

How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！

How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！

2. 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词＋ a/an ＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：

How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！

3. 可用句型：“ How ＋主语＋谓语！”。如：

How time flies! 光阴似箭！

由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如：

How beautiful a girl she is! ＝ What a beautiful girl she is!

What delicious cakes these are! ＝ How delicious these cakes are!

三、有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。

如： Good idea! （好主意！） wonderful! （太精彩了！） Thank goodness! （谢天谢地！）

1) 就用what a/an；是不可数名词或可数名

词复数，只用what。

2a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom’s等等乱七八糟的东西，想都不用想，直接用how就OK了。如：

例句1：What a boy he is! 他是个多么好的男孩啊！

/ \

单数名词

例句2：boys they are! 他们是多么好的男孩啊！

/ \

复数名词

例句3：weather it is! 多么冷的天气啊！

/ \

不可数名词

例句4：the boy is! 这男孩多好啊！

/ \

乱糟糟

★★★若没有形容词，而出现副词或是句子，直接用how.

例：How well he plays the guitar! 他吉他弹得多好啊！

副词（what不可以修饰副词，看到副词直接用how）

How time flies!

How fast Liu Xiang runs

打油诗一首: 感叹句往后看

就用what a或what an

形后若是不可数或名复数

只用what就可以

形容词后乱糟糟

只写how就OK了

专项练习

一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。

1).________ difficult homework we had yesterday!

2).________cute dog it is!

3).________ interesting the story is!

4).________ bad the weather in England is!

5).________ honest boy Tom is ！

6).________ tasty smell the cake gave off!

7).________ good time we had on the beach yesterday!

8).________ exciting news you've brought us!

9).________cool your new car is!

10).________ scary these tigers are!

二、选择填空。

1. _______ fast the boy ran!

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!

A. How, how

B. What, what

C. How, what

D. What, how

3. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said.

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

6. _______ difficult questions they are! I can’t answer them.

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

7. I miss my friend very much. _______ I want to see her!

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

8. _______ lovely weather we are having these days!

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

9. _______ beautiful your new dress is!

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

10. _______ interesting work it is to teach children!

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

宾语从句

一、考点、热点回顾

（一）宾语从句的种类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体

中可以省略。例如：

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导

的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?

He asked whose handwriting was the best.

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

I don’t know why the train is late.

3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：

I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

（二）宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：

I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.

I think (that) you will like this school soon.

Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?

Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.

（三）宾语从句的时态

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。

如：I don’t think (that) you are right.

Please tell us where he is.

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过

去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

He asked what time it was.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.

He asked if you had written to Peter.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

二、典型例题【中考链接】

1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ________?

A. where you buy it

B. where do you buy it

C. where you bought it

D. where did you buy it

2 --Maybe 900 yuan. I’m not quite sure.

A.how much she paid for

B. how much will she pay for

C. how much did she pay for

3. I want to know ________.

A. when we should arrive at the airport

B. when should we arrive at the airport

C. when the airport we should arrive at

D. when the airport should we arrive at

4. --Would you please tell me __________?

--At 10:00 this evening.

A. when will the train leave

B. when the train will leave

C. when does the train leave

5.—Could you tell me________?

--Fill in this form and I will give you a card.

A. how I can meet Cathy

B. where I can meet Cathy

C. when I can meet Cathy

6. -Tommy, do you know if Frank ________ to the zoo this Sunday if it ________?

-Sorry, I have no idea.

A. will go; is fine

B. goes; is fine

C. will go; is going to be fine

D. goes; will be fine

7. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _________.

A. how much it cost

B. how much did it cost

C. how much it costs

D. how much does it cost

8. -When do you think _________?

-About half past five. I will pick him up at the airport.

A. he will come

B. will he come

C. did he come

D. he came

9. Our teacher told us the sun ________ in the east.

A. rise

B. rose

C. rising

D. rises

10. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?

-Sorry. I don’t know ________.

A. when did he go abroad

B. why he is going abroad

C. how soon will he be back

D. how long he will stay abroad

练习题：

1. She _______ to have long curly hair a year ago.

A. use

B. uses

C. used

D. is used

2. She used to ________ ice cream when she was a child.

A. liked

B. liking

C. likes

D. like

3. Mario, you used to be short, _______ you?

A.aren’t

B. weren’t

C. don’t

D. didn’t

4.He used to _______ in the sun, but now he is used to _______at night.

A. read; read

B. reading; reading

C. read; reading

D. reading; reading

被动语态

（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.

谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。

（二）被动语态的构成

be 的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken

一般过去时：was／were＋spoken

一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken

现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken

过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken

现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken

过去完成时：had been + spoken

（三）被动语态的用法

（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道是谁偷的）

This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。

（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法

（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：

All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.

He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.

（五）含有情态动词的被动语态

We can repair this watch in two days.

→This watch can be repaired in two days.

They should do it at once.

→It should be done at once.

Ⅱ.选择填空:

1.The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon.

A. cleaned

B. is cleaned

C. was cleaning

D. was cleaned

2.The workers were made ________ ten hours a day.

A. work

B. to work

C. working

D. worked

3.Food ________ in a cool place in summer.

A. must keep

B. mustn’t keep

C. must be kept

D. mustn’t be kept

4.His father ________ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.

A. sent

B. was sent

C. has sent

D. has been sent

5.The pen ________ well.

A. writes

B. is written

C. was written

D. writing

6.Great changes ________ in the town since 1988.

A. have taken place

B. have been taken place

C. has taken place

D. has been taken place

7.Our compositions must ________ next Monday.

A. be hand in

B. be handed in

C. handed in

D. be handing in

8.The child will ________ back to his parents next month.

A. sent

B. send

C. be sent

D. be sending

9.________ his work ________ yet?

A. have…been finished

B. has …been finished

C. has …finished

D. have…finished

10.The classroom ________ now

A. is cleaning

B. is being cleaning

C. is being cleaned

D. is cleaned

情态动词表推测：语气+时态

（一）情态动词表推测的三种语气

1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might / could（也许，或许）。

He must/may/might know the answer to this question?他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。

2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。

It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.这不可能是校长，他去美国了。

3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。

Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？

（注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can 的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。

（二）情态动词表推测的三种时态

1.对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词+ 动词原形”。

She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。

2.对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词+ be”，“情态动词+be doing”或“情态动词+ 动词原形”

（1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.

（2）He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.

（3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？

3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词+ have +过去分词”。

（1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.

（2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .

门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。

（3）Can / Could he have gotten the book？难道他找到书了吗？

总结：对某一次的推测句型有两部分：语气和时态

语气部分：（以下情态动词语气由强至弱）

肯定句：must、may、might（=could）

否定句：can’t（=couldn’t）、mayn’t、mightn’t

疑问句：can、could（语气更加委婉不确定）

时态部分：

be表示对现在的推测

have done表示对过去的推测

be doing表示对正在进行的推测

语气部分写在前时态部分写在后，组合在一起就是推测

There be 句型表推测

There+情态动词＋be/do sth

There+情态动词＋be doing sth

There+情态动词＋have done sth

练习题：

1、— Where are you going this month?

— We______ go to Xiamen, but we're not sure.

A. needn’t

B. must

C. might

D. mustn't

2、— Excuse me, whose book is this?

—It ________ be John’s. It has his name on it.

A. must

B. need

C. can’t

3、The man ______be my English teacher. He has gone to Canada.

A. might

B. must

C. can’t

4、—Are you in a hurry?

—NO, I’ve got plenty of time I ______wait.

A. can

B. can’t

C. must

D. mustn’t

5、— Have you decided where to go for your summer vacation?

—Not yet. We _______go to Qingdao . It's a good place for vacation.

A. may

B. need

C. must

6、You mustn’t go off on your own, because you _______get lost in the mountains.

A. should

B. must

C. need

D. might

7、----Oh, it's raining hard.

----Be careful! The road _______be wet.

A. could

B. must

C. might

8、— Whose T-shirt is this?

—It ________ be John’s. It’s ________ small for him.

A. can’t; much too

B. can’t; too much

C. mustn’t; too much

9、—Who’s the man over there? Is it Mr. Black?

—It ______ be him. He’s much taller.

A. may not

B. can’t

C. will not

D. mustn’t

10、The woman who is talking with Mr. Brown ______ be Miss Li. She has gone to England.

A. can’t

B. must

C. may

D. mustn’t

11、— Look at the boy playing basketball on the ground. Is it George?

—It ______ be him. He told me he would play basketball after class, but he’s not sure.

A. mustn’t

B. must

C. can’t

D. may

12、—Difficulties always go with me!

—Cheer up! If God closes a door in front of you, there ______ be a window opened for you.

A. would

B. must D. could D. can

13、—Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs. King?

—No. It _____ be her. She is wearing a white dress today.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. can’t

14、—Two hundred years for such a T-shirt! You _____________ be joking!

—I’m not joking. It’s made of silk.

A. can’t

B. can

C. need

D. must

15、—Whose book is this?

—It ______our geography teacher’s. You see, his name is on it.

A. can’t be

B. can be

C. mustn’t be

D. must be

中考定语从句讲解

定语从句

请看下面的句子：

（一）概念:

定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

（二）定语从句的分类

Ⅰ、限定性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。

e.g:This is the book that/which I want.

Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。从句一般用逗号同主句分开。

e.g:Mr. Green，who is watching TV，is my uncle.

（三）(限定性)定语从句的结构

Mary is a girl who has long hair.

先行词关系词定语从句

关系代词关系副词

which, who, whom,

whose, that where, when, why

（四）定语从句的实质：二句合一

（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）

Mary is a girl.

合并为一个句子

She has long hair.

思路：留（保留先行词）-----舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）----替（用关系词代替舍去部分）Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.

请把下列句子二句合一

1. I saw the man.He closed the door

2.The girl is happy. She won the race

3.The man called the police . His wallet was stolen.

（五）定语从句关系词的确定:

● a.先行词的分类

● b.先行词在从句中充当的成分

1.先行词做主语人：who/that

物：which/that

2.先行词做宾语人：who/whom/that

物：which/that

3.先行词做定语人：whose

物：whose/of which 4.先行词做状语：w h e n,w h e r e,w h y

●who, whom, whose, that用法区别.

●who /that作定语从句的主语或宾语.

The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker. 做题思路：先分解——分析——再合并

●Whom /that作定语从句的宾语

The woman（whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.

分解The woman is a teacher.

注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.

●whose 作定语从句的定语.

I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.

分解I know the girl.

小结：

关系词判断步骤

●首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who, that whom, whose。

如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that

巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空

1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.

2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her.

3. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.

（六）只能用that,不能用which的情况：

(1)先行词为all, everything，anything，nothing, something, nothing ,few, little, much, the one 等不定代词时；

(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only, the very, the last, any, few, little , no, all, one of 等修饰时：

(3)先行词为数词或被序数词（含last)修饰时。

（4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。

(5)在以who, which开头的句子中为了避免重复。

口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错

先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.

请在以下例句中体会以上规则：

1. Here is something that I will tell you.

2.We haven’t got much that we can offer you.

3. Is it the one that you want ?

4.This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.

5. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see.

6.Which is the bike that you lost?

7.Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?

（七）只能使用w h i c h的情况

●1.关系代词前有介词时；

●2.先行词本身是t h a t时；

●3.非限定定语从句

●口诀:要有w h i c h别着急，

●介词提前逗隔离。

●e.g:1.T h i s i s t h e c l a s s r o o m i n w h i c h w e s t u d i e d f o r t w o y e a r.

●2.S h e h a s t w o d o l l s，w h i c h a r e f r o m h e r p a r e n t s

单项选择：

● 1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.

● A. that B. who C. whom D. this

● 2. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.

● A. that B. whose C. which D. as

● 3. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?

● A. the one B. which C. who D. whom

●※4.Is this factory a lot of students visited ?

A. the one

B. which

C. who

D. who

● 5. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.

● A. which B. that C. / D. it

● 6. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.

● A. which B. in which C. that D. all

●※7. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.

● A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who

●注意：

●①当关系词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一

致。

②若句中无先行词，先补出先行词再判断用法。（4,7题）

完成下列句子：

1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.

who saved the boy’ s life

This is the doctor

2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.

who is running

The man is my uncle.

3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。

I saw a woman

whose bag was stolen /whose bag was lost.

4. 住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.

The young man is a teacher.

who lives next door

注意：定语从句的时态不受主句影响。1.(哈尔滨中考)Everyone has his aim in life. However, you can't get fat on one mouthful.Start with the easiest thing______ you can control

A. who

B. that

C. which

2.(绥化中考) The story book_________ you lent me is very interesting.

A. which

B. it

C. what

3.(龙东中考)Shirley is the girl_______ taught me how to use Wechat(微信).

A. whom

B. which

C. who

4.(咸宁中考)-Have you seen the documentary named A Bite of China(舌尖上的中国))? -Yeah! It's the most funny one__________ I have ever seen.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. where

5.(枣庄中考)He is unlikely to find the school________ he taught 50 years ago.

A. where

B. when

C. how

D. why 【6.(山东德州中考)Yesterday Li Ming went to the village_________ his family lived ten years ago。

A. when

B. which

C. where

D. that

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