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翻译实践

山东轻工业学院外国语学院

翻译理论与实践上机实践

报

告

书

学期 _______

班级英语

课程翻译理论与实践上机实践

姓名 ___

学号

报告书成绩翻译译文成绩总成绩

实践心得

每次的上机实践，都感触颇多，困难多多。但我始终都坚信，每一次付出都会有回报，每一次回报都是对付出的肯定。过程虽然很坎坷，然而收获的喜悦却难以表达。经过了一周的集中上机实践，总结起来还真是受益匪浅。

本学期安排的翻译理论与实践--上机实践课的主要任务利用在线即时翻译功和计算机辅助翻译软件；利用网络时代信息共享的便利条件，通过网络引擎搜索及论坛等方式解决翻译中的一些难点问题；在翻译实践中更好的利用office 办公软件，高效快捷的完成翻译任务，向“职业化”翻译的目标迈进；查阅搜集部分相关翻译网站，了解目前翻译市场基本情况及发展趋势。综合一周来的实践经验和感受，我从以下几个方面对自己的上机实践做一份心得报告：

一、上机实践前期培训：

上机实践前，由崔婧老师为我们讲解了本次实践的主要目的，要求及任务。并针对上机实践中可能用的的office软件应用进行了必要的教学演练。

二、上机实践中遇到的问题

（一）文章的阅读问题

此次上机实践我遇到的第一个大问题是文章的阅读理解能力问题，这其中主要包括三个方面：生词，句式的理解及专业术语的应用。单词对于任何一个人来讲都不会是太大的问题，因为身边的网络资源利用时非常方便的，而句式的理解让我有点难以应付，这个必须辅之以必要的语法知识和固定短语搭配的熟悉和理解，所以翻译起来有点显得捉襟见肘；而专业术语的使用或是俚语约定俗成的用法更给我的理解翻译带来的了很大的挑战。而因此造成的其他方面问题，比如说阅读速度慢，效率不高，翻译不通顺等问题，也给翻译实践带来了很大的麻烦。（二）翻译时语言的组合能力

此次上机实践我遇到的第二个大问题，也是最重要的一个问题，对文本的概括能力和语言的组合能力问题，当然这也是与第一个问题息息相关的。在我的阅读中，除了生词，陌生句式和专业术语问题，还有一个问题就是，单词认得，句式懂得，但翻译依然不能得心应手，翻译的文章也不能让人读起来朗朗上口，翻译中，需要对原文进行反复的，准确地，深刻地理解当然，而我在不具备这种素质的情况下，所做的翻译读起来就像是高中生做题时的病句改错，文本翻译了，

但却表达不出原文的思想。这个问题的出现，一部分是对于单词的陌生度，还有就是翻译的灵活应变性及对翻译文章中所涉及的社会背景，风俗习惯，作者的生活经历等相关知识掌握的广泛性，这是我本身应该加强的素质。

对明显要加强的方面以及解决办法，主要在以下三个方面：

第一，在做翻译的时候，首先应做好知识的积累，特别在基础知识单词方面，应该尽可能全面的理解其含义，并根据内容适当的进行选择，合理的利用网络资源和其他参考书籍，要多向老师和同学进行交流。

第二，在上课学习翻译的过程中用充分理解和把握那些理论上的科学方法和理论概念，切勿生搬硬套，这样只会适得其反，在翻译过程中，要心平气和，不要紧张焦虑，综合考虑上下文之间的关系，做到忠实原文，呈现原文。

第三，要合理的利用网络资源，网上有很多帮助翻译的字典和翻译工具，既要有识别好坏的能力，又要让自己充分的吸收有用的信息，向老是和同学多询问一些好的翻译网站和翻译技巧，这样有目的的充实自己，武装自己，在翻译方面一定会有所进步。

三．自我的剖析以及今后的目标

客观的评价他人对于我们来说是比较公正容易的，然而一个人是否能够客观真实的评价自我往往是最难的，一个人只有真正的了解自我才会进步，也只有接受自我，不断的加以改正和学习，才能一步步的走向成熟。通过这次翻译上机实践，使我受益匪浅，这并非空话。首先因为是用电脑进行操作，所以有关电脑的基本操作就显得非常重要了。平时虽然天天用电脑，但其实并不是在“用”，而是在“玩”。我们只是上网听音乐，看电影，玩游戏等一些低级而又简单的操作，其实真正实用的东西并不多，那些以后在工作中能够用得上的最基本的简单操作我们都不能很好的掌握，试想会有哪个公司会雇用我们这样的员工。通过这次上机实践，我对文档的一些简单的处理以及搜索一些有用东西的方法有了初步的了解，同时也为以后的学习有了方法和明确的目标。对于电脑真正的知识有了兴趣去学。另一方面就是英语翻译方面，首先通过这几天的认真翻译，我觉得我对英语的翻译窍门有了进一步的提高，在翻译的时候，脑子里也能及时的搜索出一些相关信息。以前由于心理比较抵触翻译，既不愿意做而即使做了也又没有效果，而这次强迫自己认真去翻译，更加集中，效率更高。另外我也发现自己词汇量的

严重缺乏，知识面的局限，很多领域的知识根本一无所知，由于平时很少自己去涉猎自己感兴趣以外的知识，对于背单词那种枯燥的事也不愿去背，所以在翻译的时候单词记不清，记不准，许多领域中的专有名词也一无所知，对于句子和文章的理解都造成了一定的困难。通过此次的上机实践，为以后的英语学习找到了一个目标和方向。同时也为自己敲了一个警钟，自己对于英语的学习也不努力，除了老师上课讲的以外的东西，自己很少主动去学。使我觉察到自己知识的匮乏，在以后的学习和生活中一定要加强自己的英语学习，尽量涉猎更多领域的知识，在学好英语的同时，更好的提高自己其他方面的技能和知识，使自己在今后的生活中更加充实，更加有意义。这样才能为自己以后的发展打下一个良好的基础，自己的目标自己定，自己定的目标也一定要努力去实现，少说空话，多付出行动，用实践去证明自己是一个能够实现自己人生的人。

1、扩大自己的生词量

单词的掌握情况是一切理解的基础，这是学习一门语言最基本的问题；当然，这里对自己提出的要求更加严厉，那就是一个单词的使用有多种语境，要明白一个单词在不同的语境里所表示的不同意义。只有文本中的生词少了，才能在翻译中得心应手。

2、积累自己的句型句式，俚语，专业术语词汇

学习语言，除了掌握硬性的知识，还有就是要把自己放在一个外国的文化环境里，身临体会，去了解他们的语言的背景文化，了解外国的文化及心理，从而将自己的从英语学习者的角色转化为英语适应着，去适应他们的文化，他们思想，他们的语言魅力。

3、加强训练

语言不是死的知识，不是分解的，要学以致用，这就要求今后的学习中要加强阅读训练，所谓书读百遍其义自现。在阅读中，我们可以扩大单词量，在一定时间的积累下，理解能力和概括能力会自然的提高，翻译问题也会迎刃而解。当然这也要求我们要涉及各方面的阅读，尤其是对于英美报刊、书籍等原文原著的阅读，更能提高我们的翻译水平，与此同时在阅读中，要抱着一颗积极地心去翻译，而不是为了翻译去翻译而，对于自己，我可以找一些自己感兴趣的话题来进行阅读翻译训练，在快乐中收获知识。

附录：问题类型统计表

英译汉部分（文学文本1篇）

普通生词专有名词词组长难句

序号1,2,3,4,7,8,10,12,14,16,17

18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26

27,28,29,30,37,38,39,42,46

5,9,32,33,35,40,41,

43,44,45,47，48,52

11,31，34 6,13

15,36

百

分

比

63.1% 24.6 % 3.5% 8.8%

汉译英部分（文学文本1篇）

普通生词专有词汇长难句

序号2,3,5，7，8，

12,13，16，

18,21，1,9,10,11，15，4,6，14,17, 19，

20，

百分比47.6% 23.8% 28.6%

翻译实践原文与译文

英译汉

原文：

Although art historians have spent decades demystifying[1]van Gogh's legend, they have done little to diminish[2]his vast popularity. Auction[3]prices still soar, visitors still overpopulate[4]van Gogh exhibitions, and The Starry Night[5]remains ubiquitous on dormitory and kitchen walls. So complete is van Gogh's global apotheosis[7] that Japanese tourists now make pilgrimages[8] to Auvers[9] to sprinkle[10] their relatives' ashes on his grave[6]. What accounts for [11]the endless appeal of the van Gogh myth? It has at least two deep and powerful sources. At the most primitive level, it provides a satisfying and nearly universal revenge fantasy disguised[12] as the story of heroic sacrifice to art. Anyone who has ever felt isolated and unappreciated can identify with van Gogh and hope not only for a spectacular redemption[14] but also to put critics and doubting relatives to shame[13]. At the same time, the myth offers an alluringly[16] simplistic[17]conception[18]of great art as the product, not of particular historical circumstances and the artist's painstaking[19]calculations, but of the naive and spontaneous outpourings[20]of a mad, holy fool.[15]The gaping discrepancy[21] between van Gogh's long-suffering life and his remarkable posthumous[22]fame remains a great and undeniable historical irony. But the notion that he was an artistic idiot savant[23] is quickly dispelled[24] by even the most glancing examination of the artist's letters. It also must be dropped after acquainting oneself with the rudimentary[25]facts of van Gogh's family background, upbringing[26], and early adulthood.

The image of van Gogh as a disturbed[27] and forsaken[28] artist is so strong that one easily reads it back into his childhood and adolescence. But if van Gogh had died at age twenty, no one would have connected him with failure or mental illness. Instead he would have been remembered by those close to him as a competent[29]and dutiful[30] son with a promising career in the family art-dealing business. He was, in

fact, poised to[31] surpass his father and to come closer to living up to the much-esteemed V an Gogh name.

The van Goghs were an old and distinguished Dutch family who could trace their lineage in Holland[33]back to the sixteenth century. Among Vincent’s five uncles, one reached the highest rank of vice-admiral[34] in the Navy and three others prospered as successful art dealers. Van Gogh's grandfather, also named Vincent, had attained an equally illustrous status as an intellectually accomplished Protestant minister. The comparatively modest achievements of the artist's father, Theodorus[35], proved the exception, not the rule. Although Theodorus was the only one of grandfather Vincent's six sons to follow him into the ministry, he faltered as a preacher and could obtain only modest positions in provincial [37]churches.【36】It was for this reason that Theodorus and his new wife, Anna, found themselves in Groot Zundert[38], a small town near the Belgian[39] border. Vincent was born a few years after their arrival.

V an Gogh enjoyed a relatively uneventful [40]childhood save for the birth of five siblings (three by the time he was six and two more by his fourteenth year) and his attendance at two different boarding schools. In rural Zundert he took long walks in the Brabant[41] countryside and developed a naturalist's love of animals and plants. At his two boarding schools, he excelled at his studies and laid down the foundation for his lifelong facility in French and English. The family's decision to apprentice him at sixteen to Uncle Vincent's art gallery in The Hague [42]was far from a nepotistic[43] last resort. Uncle Vincent, called "Cent,[44]" had transformed an art supply store into a prestigious art gallery and had become a senior partner in Goupil [45]et Cie., one of the largest art-dealing firms in Europe. Vincent had not better opportunity for advancement than working at The Hague branch of Goupil's. And it was a testament to Vincent's abilities that the childless [46"Uncle Cent" took a paternal interest in him and arranged for his position as Goupil's youngest employee.

Vincent's duties progressed from record keeping and correspondence [47]chores in the back office[52]to dealing, if only in a subordinate【48】way, with clients.This confronts us with the nearly unthinkable image of the "socially competent" Vincent.

But such was the case at this stage in his life. The same man whose eccentricity 【49】would one day make young girls scream in fright dressed appropriately and charmed customers with his enthusiasm for art. Vincent also ingratiated himself with the local artists of The Hague School and earned his colleagues' respect. Although his status as Uncle Cent's nephew and protégé【50】must have smoothed his way, Vincent appears to have been genuinely dedicated and effective at Goupil’s. His boss, Tersteeg, sent home glowing reports and after four years at The Hague he was promoted to the London branch.

译文：

尽管历史学家花费了几十年的时间去揭开梵高这一历史传奇人物的神秘【1】，然而这对于减少【2】他在人群中受欢迎的程度几乎没有做任何事情。拍卖【3】价依旧在疯涨，参观者们依旧把梵高的展览馆挤的水泄不通【4】，在宿舍和厨房的墙壁上<<星月夜>>【5】这部作品也依旧非常的普遍。梵高是全世界的神话【7】，日本的游客到奥佛【8】进行朝拜【9】，在他的坟前撒下【10】他们亲戚的骨灰。[6]那么对于这么一个受吸引的神话人物到底占有多大的比重【11】那？最初看来，在英雄为艺术而牺牲的伪装【12】下，他想我们呈现了一个令人满意而又普遍的复仇的幻想。任何曾经感到孤独而又不受赏识他至少有两方面深远而又强大的源泉的人都和梵高一样都希望一方面有一个场面宏大的救赎【14】，另一方面总是把批评和质疑与羞耻相关联。[13]与此同时，这个神话又把一个诱人的【16】而又过分单纯的【17】伟大的艺术设想【18】当作是一种产品，并不是其特殊的历史环境和艺术家的辛勤【19】付出，而是近乎愚蠢而又疯狂的那种天真自然的流露【20】。[15]这是梵高生前长期的痛楚折磨和他逝后【22】令人瞩目的名声之间的矛盾【21】隔阂才成就了一个伟大而又无可否认的历史讽刺。但是关于他是一个疯狂的艺术学者【23】这一事实早已经通过无数双艺术家的眼睛得以检验和证实，最终这一事实也迅速的烟消云散【24】了。在了解梵高家庭背景，成长经历【26】以及他早期的【25】成人生活之后也会得到这一事实。

梵是一个的错乱【27】而又孤独凄凉的【28】艺术家形象，他是如此的强大，任何人读了之后都会很容易回到他的童年和青春时代。但是如果梵高在二十岁去世，没有人会把他和失败或精神疾病联系在一起。而是通过那些他所亲近的人而被人铭记的，那是一个出生在以艺术经营为生家庭的儿子，他是一个有能力【29】又尽职【44】又有前途的人。事实上，他准备【45】超过他的父亲，而对于他实现梵高这个非常自负的名字越来越近了。

梵高的家族是一个古老而又显赫的荷兰家庭，可以追溯到十六世纪的荷兰【42】。在维森特家的五个叔叔中，一个获得到了海军中将【43】的最高荣誉，其他三个也是有名成功的艺术经营商。梵高的祖父也叫维森特，同样也是一名作为有学识又有作为的抗议家【34】而得到了很好的声望的人。相对而言，赛德洛斯【45】—这

个有艺术成就的父亲，并非是一个惯例，而是一个特例。尽管赛德洛斯是六个儿子中唯一一个追随他父亲脚步而进入政府部门【47】，但作为一个传道士他说话支支吾吾【44】，所以只能获得一个在乡下【46】教堂的卑微职务。[36]也就是因为这个原因赛德洛斯和他的妻子安娜在格罗特【40】的一个离比利时【41】边界很近的一个村镇上相互认识发现彼此的。在五年后维森特出生了。

相对于他的五个兄弟姐妹（三个在他六岁的时候去世，另外两个也在他十四岁的时候远离人间）以及他去两个不同的寄宿学校【43】上学来说，梵高有一个相对来说比较平凡的[42]童年生活。在格罗特的乡村布拉邦特【44】的郊区他要走很长的一段路程，也就是在那他培养了对于动物和植物的那种特殊的爱。在他的两个寄宿学校里，他努力学习，用法语和英语为他以后的人生便利奠定了基础。在十六岁时由于家庭的决定让他到海牙【45】的一个有亲戚关系的【46】维森特叔叔家的画廊里当学徒。维森特叔叔，也叫“维森【47】”，已经把原来的画作供给商店转型为一个有声望的画廊，并且已经在古比尔【48】公司中成为了一位年长的合作经营者，而古比尔公司是欧洲化作交易公司中最大的公司之一。维森特没有什么能比得上在海牙古比尔公司的工作中获得更好的机会了，而无子女的【49】维森特叔叔对他的兴趣也是对于他自己能力的一种考验和测试，并且作为最年轻的雇佣者为他在古比尔公司中安排了职位。

维森特的职责从开始的记录员升职到后勤部门462]中与客户进行联系的通信员【51】，后勤部门是一个从属部门【47】。[50]如此一来，者展现在我们面前的是一个无法想象的拥有“社交能力”的维森特形象。但这只是这一时期内的一段经历。同样一个人，他的古怪【48】在有一天会使穿着得体的年轻女孩子害怕的尖叫，还有那些被他对于艺术热情感染的顾客。维森特也迎合【49】海亚学校当地的艺术家并且得到了通知的尊重。尽管他的声望是作为维森特叔叔的侄子以及像他这种被保护的人【50】一样得来的，他的前途一路平坦，维森特在古比尔一直以来都是一个乐于奉献，专注有效率的人，在海牙生活四年他被提职到伦敦的分公司，他的老板也把热情洋溢的报告送到他的家乡。

汉译英：

原文：

民族烈士墓地是一个民族的精神家园。置身“航空烈士公墓1]”[我获得一个印象：鹰巢。沿紫金山北坡拾级而上，产生飞机升空的庄严感[2]。二百六十座坟墓,托举二百六十方石板。是墓碑，但象征停机坪，一方停机坪等待一只鹰。

36号墓前那块石板上刻有如下文字：

曹芳震烈士(亦名芳镇)，湖南省湘乡县人，生于1913年5月10日。中央航空学校第六期毕业，任空军第五大队第二十四队少尉本级飞行员。1937年10月12日南京空战中阵亡。追赠中尉[3]。遗妻李氏。

陵园很静，我听得出自己抚摸碑文的沙沙声。触及最后四个字，似有雷电涌动[4]。过分冗长使人厌倦，过分简洁使人震惊。“遗妻李氏”，仅仅四个字。不乏四个字的欢乐，不乏四个字的痛苦，可四个字如何描写一只鹰呢？

这位烈士的遗妻李兑承和曹芳震同乡。在长沙举行的婚礼上新郎说：“我此生只有三个纪念日[5]——一是航校毕业，一是今天结婚，第三当是抗击日寇、血洒长空那一天了。”一语既出，满座骇异[6]。新娘颤颤[7]举杯，连酒带泪一口喝了下去。假满归队，新郎在自己的名片上写下“亲爱的，珍重，你的芳震”，再把名片悄悄放进新娘的梳妆盒[8]。谁知一言竞成凿语，夫妻一场，仅共五天。

1937年10月12日下午，日寇以九架三菱重轰炸机[9]、六架同式驱逐机[10]配以水上侦察机[11]自北而南奔袭石城。四大队大队长高志航、廿四队队长刘粹刚率领驱逐机八架迎敌于龙潭一万五千英尺高空。是役，我军三比一胜。而“三比一”的这个“一”，恰是年仅二十四岁的曹芳震。兀鹰身中十七弹，折翅笆斗山麓。

身置军营，面对国殇[12]，李兑承缄口垂泪守灵七日。临行，她一把抱住血衣，颤颤巍巍[13]从军装口袋里掏出一支浸血的枪。殷红，炽热，枪身的血仿佛是从枪膛里喷涌出来的[14]。双手捧枪，失声恸哭。良久，她向队长刘粹刚硬咽求告:“作为遗属[15]我什么都不要，请把这支手枪给我吧。”一听这话东北大汉刘粹刚声泪俱下[16]，他说:“嫂子，你要什么都可以，独独这支枪我不能给你呀……”说完，

他向李兑承，也向那支枪庄严敬礼。手触帽沿他想:世间什么力量能够战胜一个敢以复仇作为遗物的民族呢[17]?

五日新婚，七日守灵，阴间阳界，聚首十二天。两月后南京沦陷——魂归故里，遗骸[18]何置？就在李兑承面向北方伸出双臂的瞬间，她的一头黑发猛地全白了。

为纪念抗战爆发五十周年，也是中国空军首战告捷五十周年，1987年11月21日，李兑承来到航空烈士公墓。脊背俯伏，目光迟滞，步履瞒姗[19]。哒，哒，哒，哒，竹杖敲击墓道像苍天滴泪。行至36号墓，天地禁声。漫漫半个世纪，对于鹰的寻觅终于走到鹰巢近边[20]。老人的手掌本应抚摸孩子面颊，她却抚摸石头。陵园很静，听得出她抚摸碑文的沙沙声。触及最后四个字，老人晕倒[21]了。倒下还摩挲石板——石板下面，埋着那支枪吗?

寂静中飞起一只鹰，鹰以双翅抚摸天空。

译文：

T he national martyrs grave is the spiritual home of a nation. We’ll get the impression: eagle nest when I’m in the “aviation martrys grave [1]”, and we may have the sense of solemn[2]when the aircraft’s taking off along with the steps of the northern slope. Two hundred and sixty graves, two hundred and sixty square stone lifts. It is not only a tombstone, but a symbol of the apron, which waiting for only one eagle.

The grave NO.36 engraved the letter as follow:

Cao Fangzhen Martyrs (also known as Fang town), Xiangxiang County of Hunan Province, was born May 10, 1913.He was a graduate of the Sixth Central Aviation School, serving as a second lieutenant pilot in Team 24, the Fifth Brigade in air force. He sacrified in the Nanjing air fight on the October 12, 1937, posthumously honored with Lieutenant[3], leaving his wife, Lee, alone.

The Cemetery was so quiet that I could hear the rustle of touch the tablet. When touched the last four words, it seems that there be thunder and lightning surge[4]. Over-long to tired, over-simple to shocking. "The Widow Named Lee", just four words. It contained not only joy, but also pain. But how can words describe an eagle ?

Cao Fangzhen and his wife, Lee (Li Yuecheng) were from the same place. On their wedding which was held in Changsha, the bridegroom said: "there are only three anniversaries [5] in my life—the first is graduated from aviation school; the second is marriage; and the third is fighting against Japanese invaders and sacrificing in the battle in sky." All the people in the wedding were shocked as soon as he said that out[6]. The bride raised the glass in tremble [7]and drank the wine with tears in her eyes. The holiday is ending, before returning to army, the bridegroom wrote on his calling card, "My dear, take good care of yourself. Yours, Fang Zhen", and then quietly put the card into the bride's vanity box [8]. No one could image that the words written on the card became Cao’s last words. The couples only stayed with each other for five days.

On the afternoon of October 12, 1937, nine Japanese Mitsubishi heavy bombers [9] and six pursuit planes [10] in the same type, accompanied by water reconnaissance airplanes[11]made a long-range raid from north to south. The captain of the Forth Brigade, Gao Zhihang and The captain of the Twenty-forth Brigade, Liu Cui Gang led eight pursuit planes. They were fighting against the enemy above fifteen thousand feet in altitude in Longtan. In this battle, our army won by three to one. While the "one" mentioned in "three to one" exactly was Cao Zhen Fang, the twenty-four-year-old pilot. His plane was hit 17 bullets then crashed at the foot of a hill [7] called BaDou.

When in the barracks, facing of the national tragedy [12], Li Duicheng kept vigil beside the coffin for seven days, tearing but without any word. Before leaving, she clasped the bloodstained garment, quivered [13]and pulled out the blood soaked gun from a uniform pocket. The blood on the gun liked as if it spewed out from the barrel [14]. Holding the gun with hands, Li Yue Cheng lost control herself and cried out loudly. After a long time, she sobbed and implied to Captain Liu Cuigang: "As a surviving dependant [15], I want nothing but this gun." Hearing this words, the Northeastern big fellow, Liu Cuigang, said in a tearful voice [16]: "Lady, you can ask for everything except this gun.couldn’t give it to you." Then, he saluted solemnly to Li Yuecheng and that gun. Touching the edge of cap, he thought that what kind of power could defeat the nation which dared to make revenge as relics [17].

Five days for wedding, seven days for keeping vigil beside the coffin. It totaled twelve days for Li Yuecheng to gather together with his husband, then they were spparated in two worlds. Two months later, Nanjing was occupied—his soul had gone back home but where should the remains [18]? Li Duicheng’s black hair completely became white all of a sudden when she stretched out her arms to north.

In order to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, also to the 50th anniversary of victory in the first battle of Chinese Air Force, Li Duicheng came to the Aviation Martyrs Cemetery on November 21, 1987. She came, with her crooked back, slow-moving eyesight and stumbling paces [19]. The sound that her bamboo stick knocked at the tomb passage just like the sky’s tearing . When she got to Grave 36, the whole world was silent.

After seeking for the eagle for about half a century, she finally got close to the eagle nest[20]. The hands of a old lady should have touched a child’s cheek, but at this moment she touched the slate instead. The Cemetery was so quiet that I could hear the rustle of touch the tablet. Reaching the last four words, the old lady fell in a faint [21]. Her hands still touched on the stone, thought that the gun was still buried below the stone?

An eagle flied up in this silent grave.with its wings touched the sky.

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皆生，而不知其所以生；同然皆生，而不知其所以得”系庄子所云，“自营为私”是韩非所言，“人之性恶”出自《荀子》。译文中多用单音节词，双音节词很少。而且他的翻译话语中有很多词类活用的范例。 1. 辨物穷微，明揭天道必不可知说。（《天演论·论六》） 2.不见夫业真者乎？（《原富》）微是形容词，在句1中活用为动词。句2的业本来为名词，但在句中担任动词职务。同时，严复话语中疑问代词宾语前置，否定句中代词宾语前置的例子也不少。如：何以明之？（《天演论·人群》）人弗之觉也，觉亦弗之异也。（《天演论·能实》）其少见的被动句主要采用先秦的“见”字句结构，如：特在人者，每为气禀所拘。（《天演论·论八》）而为是幻且虚者之所主。（《天演论·论九》) 若是物特为天下只所厚而择焉以存也者，夫是之谓天择。（《天演论·导言一》）为了追求群内达旨，他用了很多排偶句：小之极于跂行倒生，大之放乎日星天地；隐之则神思智识之所以圣狂，显之则政俗文章之所以沿革。（《天演论·导言二·广义》）人，动物之灵者也，与不灵之禽兽鱼鳖昆虫对；动物者，生类之有知觉运动者也，与无知觉之指植物对；生类者，有质之物而具支体官理者也，与无支体官理之金石对。（《天演论·导言三·趋异》）严复的翻译使用最多的策略当推意译，为了启发民智，在翻译过程中

(完整word版)英语专业翻译实践报告

实践报告这周是英语专业的翻译实践周，这次的专业实习让我受益匪浅，收获颇多。专业实习的主要目的是要培养我们理论联系实际，综合运用所学基础知识、基本理论和技能，独立分析、解决问题的能力。在大学的第三学年，实习是一个很重要的环节，对我们以后的工作实习也有一定的帮助。所以，我们要端正态度，认真对待这次的专业实习。我们的主要任务是进行英译汉和汉译英的翻译实践，为此在实践的过程中，我总结了四种必备的翻译工具：一是灵格斯翻译工具，里面可安装各式的词典；二是百度搜索工具；三是有道词典；四是英汉词典；五是汉英词典。翻译的过程如下：首先可以现在灵格斯里查询不懂的单词和词组，寻找最符合原文的解释。然后采取同时在百度和有道词典搜索的做法，并对同种搜索工具搜索结果进行比较。他们有着各自的优缺点。所以我们最后用到的就是英汉和汉英辞典，可以对我们翻译之中的词汇，进行最后的确认，确定出最最准确的译法。在翻译过程中也遇到到了一些困难，这说明在漫漫的英语学习过程中我还要继续努力。学如逆水行舟，不进则退，只要每天我认真学习，那就是一种进步。人生总归会有许多挫折，但我们若不跨过这道坎，就不会有进步，滞留不前。我们要用有限的生命创造无限的价值，勇敢面对每一个挑战。翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地表达出来的语言行为。当然纸上谈兵是无稽之谈，光有理论知识而不实践操作也是没有用的。有位翻译家这么说过，“学翻译犹如学游泳。只在岸边看别人游，或只听教练讲解，是学不会的。”所以要想提高自己的翻译能力，一定要通过实践。实践可以分为两类，直接的实践和间接的实践。所谓直接的实践，就是自己亲身参加的实践，也就是自己动手翻译。一回生，二回熟，日积月累，第一手经验多了，做起来得心应手，翻译能力有所提高。所谓“熟能生巧”，就是这个道理。但自己能译的东西是有限的，从这种实践中得出的经验也是有限的。因此，还需要借助于间接的实践。所谓间接的实践，就是研究别人的译文。比如，一篇文章在手，准备翻译，这时先找一些有关的资料或同类文章的译文看一看，在词语和风格方面定会有所借鉴。别人的译文是别人直接实践的产物，看了别人的译文，就是从事间接实践。

燕山大学翻译技巧与实践整理版翻译资料

第一单元翻译概论 1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style. 2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译 Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”. 例如：paper tiger—纸老虎 Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech. 例如：Adam’s apple—喉结；at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟 It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱 3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译（Foreignization）和归化翻译（Domestication ）归化的例子： as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠 at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥 wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡 as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪 5 傅雷：1951年在《高老头重译本序》中提出“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。” 6. 钱钟书：1964年在《林纾的翻译》一文中提到“文学翻译的最高理想可以说是“化”，把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原作的风味，那就算得入与“化境”。 7 But I hated Sakamoto, and I had a feeling he’d surely lead us both to our ancestors. 但是我恨坂田，并预感到他肯定会领着咱们去见祖先。 8 Don’t cross the br idge till you get to it. 不必担心太早。（不必自寻烦恼） 9 Do you see any green in my eyes? 你以为我是好欺骗的吗？ 10 Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her the door. 鲁斯一直在扰乱别的孩子，我就把他撵了出去。第二单元英汉对比 1汉语和英语的对比研究，始于100年多前《马氏文通》，这是我国第一部汉语语法书，是在比较和模仿拉丁文法的基础上写成的。 2中国传统哲学主张“天人合一”、“万物与我为一”，反映在语言上就是施事主体可以蕴含在行为事件的主观表现中。 3因此在句子构造中，汉语并不把主语看成必要的成分。正如王力所说：“就句子结构而论，西洋语言是法治的，中国语言是人治的。法治的不管主语用得着用不着，总要呆板地求句子形式的一律，人治的用得着就用，用不着就不用，只要能使人听懂说话人的意思，就算了。” 4正因为汉语缺乏主语，语言学家从语言类型学的角度出发，认为汉语是主题显著(topic-prominent)的语言。 5 A dialect is known by every linguist in this room. 一种方言被这间屋子里的每一个语言学家所懂得。有一种方言这间屋子里的每一个语言学家都懂得。

英语篇翻译实践

二．语篇翻译实践篇：在翻译的过程中，我们要把握整个语篇的特点（即文体类型及风格）认真清理文章发展的脉络，层次及句与句之间的衔接、连贯关系，同时还要注意一个词或一个词组与上下文或特定的语境中的关系。（一）介绍篇章翻译的几种技巧： 1．按时间顺序 1）She found herself minus the leg one week after consulting a doctor about a persistent swelling she attributed to hard work and play in New York city---it was an inoperable bone tumor. While it saved her life, an ensuing year of chemotherapy reduced the once stunning model to a bald shadow of her former self.

她腿上出现了一个持续不消的肿块。原以为是在纽约又工作又游玩累的，看医生之后才知道是个骨瘤，而且不能手术切除。一周后，她便截了那条腿。虽然手术挽救了她的生命，但接踵而来的长达一年的化疗使这位一度艳丽销魂的时装模特儿秀发脱落，骨瘦如柴，失尽昔日风采。 2）She (Florence) was determined to pluck out of Hardy’s mind the things said in the derogatory diary that Emma had kept about her husband (Hardy), and which he (Hardy) destroyed after her (Emma’s) death. 埃玛生前记过一本诋毁丈夫声誉的日记，她死后哈代已把日记毁掉。弗洛伦斯决定要把日记内容也从哈代头脑中清除掉。（Emma 和Florence分别为Hardy的第一任和第二任

翻译心得及翻译实践

翻译心得及翻译实践 Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】

翻译心得及翻译实践摘要本文旨在对两篇材料进行翻译，并从翻译实践中获得经验并撰写翻译心得。其中材料《敬畏生命——生态批评视域下的<白鲸>》为中译英，而材料《生态批评视角下的当代美国小说》为英译中。《敬畏生命——生态批评视域下的<白鲸>》一文从生态批评的角度对小说《白鲸》做了新的解读。批判了人类中心主义的思想及由此产生的人类行为。从小说主角亚哈和白鲸莫比·迪克的争斗关系造成的生态悲剧中得到启示。即人类必须遏制自己的欲望，并学会尊重其他的生命从而与自然世界和谐相处。只有这样才避免生态悲剧的发生和人类与自然共同灭亡的悲惨结局。《生态批评视角下的当代美国小说》则主要从生态批评和生态女权主义两方面对当代美国小说进行了探讨。分析了美国生态学和对小说的研究方法的发展，以及生态批评和生态女权主义的历史发展情况。同时强调了生态批评和生态女权主义的重要地位。在结束了对以上材料的翻译实践后，得出了一些有关于英汉翻译的心得。而翻译心得主要从对翻译材料的描述、寻找背景信息、句子的处理、对词和词组的处理、结论这五个方面来进行总结。分别针对翻译中篇、句、词等方面容易出现的问题和难点进行分析，从而寻找有效的解决方法。对今后的翻译工作起到积累和指导的作用。关键词：翻译生态批评生态女权主义

Abstract The main purpose of the article is to summarize the gains and experience after translating two materials. The material Hold Life in Awe and Veneration—Moby Dick under the View of Ecological Criticism has been translated from Chinese to English while the material Nature in the Contemporary American Novel has been translated from English to Chinese. The article Hold Life in Awe and Veneration—Moby Dick under the View of Ecological Criticism analyses the novel Moby Dick under new view from aspect of ecocriticism. It criticizes the idea of anthropocen trism and human’s behavior com ing from anthropocentrism. This article also gets inspiration from conflict between Ahab and Moby Dick and the tragedy caused by this kind of conflict. Human must limit their desire and must learn to respect other livers and to live with natural word harmoniously. Only in this way, can the ecological tragedy and the death of both human and nature be avoided. As for Nature in the Contemporary American Novel, it discusses contemporary American novel from aspects of ecocriticism and ecofeminism. It analyses the development of ecology in America and of methods used to analyze America novel, and also analyzes the history of ecocriticism and ecofeminism. At the same time, the article emphasizes the importance of ecocriticism and ecofeminism. Having translated these two materials, I gain lot about the translation between Chinese and English. This article has been written from five parts which are “the description of the material for translating”, “searching for background informatio n”, “d ealing with sentences”,“words and phrases”, and “conclusion”. This article means to analyze problems and difficulties, which may happen in translating, on aspects such as passages, sentences, words and than to find out methods to solve those problems and difficulties. In this way, this article can be used as a kind of guide and accumulation in future translation works. Key words: Translation ecocriticism ecofeminism

英语翻译技巧与实践句子翻译备考整理

A ll the inventors have a restless mind. 所有的发明家都有一个活跃的头脑。 A nd he knew how ashamed he would have been if she had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born. 他有着这样的母亲，出生在这样的地方和这样一类人中间。他很清楚，如果这些让她全知道的话，他该多么丢面子！ A fter the basketball match, he still has an important conference. 篮球比赛结束后，他仍然有一个重要的会议。 A s luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion occurred. 幸运的是当爆炸发生时，没有人在这。 A s luck would have it, there was rain on the day of the picnic. 幸运的是，野餐那天下雨了。 A lthough he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work.虽然他很年轻，但他在研究工作中很有雄心。 A n acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current. 了解世界历史，有助于当前的研究。 A s to the precise value of this initial fund of knowledge, this depends to a great degree on how it has been acquired and on who has been imparting it. 至于这种最初积累起来的知识有多少确切的价值，这在很大程度上取决于获得知识的方法和传授知识的人。 A t reserves are 1ike bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food suppliers are limited and some times difficult to reach because of deep snow. 脂肪储备如同银行账户里的存款，供冬天食物来源有限以及有时由于大雪深得难以获得时支取使用。 A n expensive failure can be made into an asset if you’ve learnt from it。失败的代价虽然昂贵，但是只要你能从中吸取教训，它就能化为一笔财富。 A ll that sleepless night I replayed the moment those black gloves came up to the car window. 如当晚我彻夜难眠，眼前不时重现出那副黑手套伸向车窗的那一瞬间。 A t present, the super powers are armed to the teeth with nuclear weapons, placing the people of the whole world under their nuclear threat.目前，超级大国用核武器武装到了牙齿，把全世界人民都置于他们的威胁之下。 A red sun rising slowly on the horizon. 地平线上的一个红太阳冉冉升起。 All the world is a stage, and all the men and women merely players. 整个世界是一座舞台，所有的男人和女人只不过是演员而已。 A body in motion remains in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. 没有外力的作用，运动的物体就连续做匀速直线运动。 A ny discourtesy shown to Chinese persons by any official of the Government will be cause for immediate dismissal. 任何政府官员，如果对中国人有任何粗暴行为，必须立即予以开除。 1. A son, a job and housekeeping forced romance out. 有了儿子，又要工作，又要做家务，就不能卿卿我我了。 American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson. 托马斯·杰佛逊对美国的教育事业作出了巨大的贡献。 2. An idea suddenly struck me. 我突然想到了一个主意。 As soon as I have finished it, I’ll give you a call. 我一做完就给你电话 3. A merican English owes a great deal to Noah Webster, an American lexicographer and writer. 美国词典编纂家及作家诺阿·韦伯斯特对美国英语做出了巨大的贡献。 9. Anger and bitterness covered upon me for weeks. 几周来我一直感到生气和伤心。 A ll the inventors have a restless mind. 所有的发明家都有一个思想活跃的头脑。 A nd since Washington’s budget alchemy permits the current generation to spend whatever it wants on retiree income and health programs and pass the tab on to their children, who wants to pay more? 既然美国政府所耍的预算法术容许这一代在退休金和医疗计划方面随意花钱，而把账单推给他们的孩子来付，那谁还愿意多缴税? 2.A dialect is known by every linguist in this room. 有一种方言这间屋子里的每一个语言学家都懂得。 1. Admittance Free免票入场 ·A seaman knows that the sea is all-powerful and can, under certain circumstances, destroy man and the product of his brain and hand, the ship. 水手们都知道，大海的威力是势不可挡的；在某些情况下，它能把人及人所制造的船只统统摧毁掉。 And I will lay you ten to one that after you have answered the questions, and explained how to find the information, and why you want it, the clerk will go off and get one of the other clerks to help him try to find Garcia - and then come back and tell you there is no such man. 当你回答完这些问题，当你说明了怎样查以及你为什么要查之后，我敢跟你打个十赔一的赌，这个职员会离去并找其他职员协助他找加西亚—然后回来时他会说，你要了解的这个人根本不存在。 8. A study of that letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it. 研究一下那封信，就使我们毫不怀疑该信是别有用心的。 1. As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain. （由于）天气很好，我们决定去爬山。 ·as wise as an owl这里把猫头鹰比作智慧的象征 B ut there had been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨、人人皆知了。 B ehaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行为主义者的看法是,如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里成长, 而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应的能力, 这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。 B ut you have not seen my Corots. They are in the music room. 可是你还没有看见我收藏的科罗特的风景画，它们挂在我的音乐室里。 C opper prices, which reached record highs last week, fell back yesterday after China’s State Reserve Bureau failed to sell all of the metal it put up for auction this week. 铜价在上周创下历史新高，但中国国家物资储备局本周拿出拍卖的铜未能全部售出导致铜价昨天回挫。 C areful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs as directed. 周密的调查已经表明：多达50%的病人没有按照医嘱服药。 D on’t get angry. I am just having a joke with you. 不要生气。我只是和你开个玩笑。E ven if I were to be beaten to death, I will not tell. 打死我也不说。 E ven if the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately. 即便计算是正确的，科学家们也无法肯定他们已经把所有的变量都包括进去并精确地模拟了它们。 E very life has its roses and thorns.人生自有甘苦。 E very tree and every branch was encrusted with bright and delicate hoarfrost, white and pure as snow, delicate and defined as carved ivory. 每棵树，每一根树枝都包上一层明亮、精美的白霜，像雪花般洁白和纯净，如象牙雕一般精致优美。 E ven more interesting is the probability that life on other planets may be in a more advanced stage of evolution. 更为有趣的是，其他行星上的生命可能已经处于更先进的进化阶段。 E very man can not be an artist. 不是人人都可以当演员 E ven his critics say the Ames test –his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure that helps determine whether a substance might cause cancer – is a remarkable achievement. 甚至他的批评者们也承认，爱姆兹试验是一项突出的成就。这种试验是在实验室里进行的一种简便、廉价的操作方法，有助于检测出一种物质是否能引起癌症。 E ven if the monk can run away, his temple cannot run with him. 跑得了和尚，跑不了庙。 F or she was beautiful--her beauty made the bright world dim, and everything beside seemed like the fleeting image of shade. 因为她太漂亮了——她的美使光灿的世界黯然失色，她身边的一切都像是瞬间而逝的烟云。（恰如其分地道出她的美） F uture does not wait. It becomes present and past with every second that ticks. You have barely time to turn around and already the coming has met the going…what will be is entirely in what has been, and no matter how fast you run, tomorrow is behind you – never ahead. 未来是不等人的。随着每秒钟的流逝，未来变成了现实，继而又成了往昔。你几乎来不及转身顾盼，来者就变成了逝者。……未来的一切全都蕴育于现实之中。不论你跑得多快，明天总落在你的身后，绝不会跑到你的前头。 F or the man sound in body and serene of mind there is no such thing as bad weather; every sky has its beauty, and storms which whip the blood do but make it pulse more vigorously. 对于一个身体健全、神志安详的人来说，根本不存在什么坏天气；在他看来，无论什么样的天气都有其美好的一面，譬如说暴风雨，它可以激荡血液的流淌，振奋一个人的精神。 H e threw off his coat because he felt hot. 他觉得很热，把上衣脱掉了。 H e is the best singer. 唱歌，他是最棒的。 H e is no more than a puppet. 他只不过是一个傀儡。 H e is no less guilty than you.他和你同样有罪。 H ans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen. 汉斯说他是他见过的最勇敢的人，他显然在讨好那个绅士。 H e had the kindness to show me the way. 他好心地给我指了路。 H eat can be converted to energy and energy can be converted to heat. 热可以被转换成能量，能量也可以被转换成热。 H e was not displeased with her honesty…it took a certain amount of experience in life, an courage, to want to do it quite that way. 他对于她的直率没有感到不快……有点生活经验、又有点胆量的人才敢这么做。 (H ave I put the matter too strongly?) Possibly I have; but when all the world has gone a-slumming I wish to speak a word of sympathy for the man who succeeds, the man who, against great odds, has directed the efforts of others, and having succeeded, finds there’s nothing in it: nothing but bare board and clothes. （我是不是有点言过其实？）或许吧。然而在整个世界走下坡路的时候，有些人顶住了指挥下属的种种麻烦和压力，结果他成功了，成功后却发现：不过是一场虚无，下属们为公司干活不过只为衣食住行而已。让我们为这样的人士说句公道话吧！ 5. H e is always saying the usual polite nothings. 他老是在说那些寻常客套话。 2. H e lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds. 他欺骗了我，使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。 1. H e was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved. 他是一个正直的人，但不幸有某种坏名声。我相信他这种坏名声是不该有的。 H e swallowed bread and butter and a spasm of emotion. 他吞下奶油面包，也咽下一阵激动。 During the next year, a young widow and a fortune fell in love with him. 接下来的一年里，一位年轻的寡妇爱上他，一大笔财产也跟着爱上了他。 H ow time flies! 时光飞逝！ H is suggestion is that we should set out before 8 o’clock. 他的建议是我们应该在八点前出发。 H e wants to write an article, which will attract public attention to the air pollution in this city. 他想写一篇文章，用来引起公众对该城市空气污染的关注。 8. H e wanted to learn, to know, to teach. 他想学习，增长知识，也愿意把知识教给别人。 4. H er good work and obedience have pleased her teacher. . 她学业优良、性情温顺，深得老师喜欢。 H e had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy phrases. 他感到习语是语言的主要支柱，因此特别主张用生动的短语，他的想法非常正确的。 H e is so absorbed in the work that he hasn’t had a bite since morning. 他在工作中如此专心，以至于他早上没有吃过一口。 H ydrogen burns in air of oxygen, forming water. 氢气在氧气中燃烧，形成水。 H e was not entirely happy. 他并不是很高兴。 H e is not who he was thought to be. 他不是人们过去所想的那种人。 H ow can anyone hope to be a qualified teacher, who doesn’t know what the students are thinking and demanding? 一个人如果不知道他的学生在想什么，需要什么，怎么能指望自己成为一个合格的教师呢？ H e walked around the house with a gun. 他拿着枪，绕着屋子走。 I have read your articles, but I expect to meet an older man. 我读过你的文章，但没料想你会这样年轻。 8. I t seems that a very difficult decision now faces him. 他好像面临着困难的抉择。 I am very happy to receive your message of greetings. 接到你的贺信，我十分愿意。 I f I were you, I would not go. 我要是你我就不去。 I f punished, they will not cooperate. 他们如果受到损害，将不予合作。 I've already told you that I'm going to buy it, however much it costs。已经告诉过你了，不管花多少钱，我都打算买它。 I was advised to arrange for insurance in case I needed medical treatment. 有人劝我投保，以防治病之需。 I was looking for a temporary job so that I could save up some money to go traveling. 我在找一份临时工作，以便积攒些钱去旅游。 In the course of a day, students do far more than just attend classes. 在一天的学习生活中，学生所做的远不止听课。 I t can be seen that precleaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to level anywhere near the standards. 可以看出，这4种煤的总含硫量仅靠预洗是不能降低到接近标准规定的水平的。 I t doesn’t matter whether we st art now or later. 我们现在开始还是以后开始都没有关系。 I t happened that I had bought the book. 我碰巧买了这本书。 I don’t remember whether I cried at that moment, but my sister did. 我不记得当时我究竟哭没哭，但我妹妹的确哭了。 I would not believe what he said. 他的话，我可不信。 5. I t was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 他无权签订这种同。 I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London. 我把那幅画像摆在每天能看得见的地方，因为他总是让我想起在伦敦上大学的那些日子。 2. I ncidentally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can possibly get here in the United States. 顺便提一下，与我在美国所能得到的治疗相比，我希望能在这些国家得到更好的治疗。 I t's a crime to stay inside on such a beautiful day. 今天阳光明媚，躲在家中，实在是罪过。 I could feel her pain as she must have felt mine on a thousand occasions when I had sought comfort in her arms. 在小男孩的心目中，妈妈一直是那么的坚强、勇敢，但是当小男孩第一次看见妈妈哭泣的时候，他突然感觉到了妈妈也和他一样有失败、有痛苦，就像妈妈过去千百次体会到他的痛苦一样。 I'd give the world to see you.我十分想见你。 I have told you forty times that if you touched that jam I'd skin you. 你要是偷吃果酱，我就剥你的皮。我跟你已经讲过不下一百遍了。 I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done. 我就希望能在工作时死去。在弥留之际知道自己已经功德圆满并且自己的未竟之业已后继有人，就可以心满意足地离开人间了。 I t is not a question how much a man knows, but what use he can make of what he knows; not a question of what he has acquired, and how he has been trained, but of what he is, and what he can do. 问题不在一个人知道多少，而在于他能否运用他的知识；问题不在他学的是什么，受怎样的教育，而在于他的人品以及他的能力。 I desired nothing but to go home.我只希望回家。 I worked and worked, and I didn't know how much I had not done. 我夜以继日地工作，不知道干了多少活。 I f you would know the value of money, go and try to borrow some; for he that goes a borrowing goes a suffering. 要想知道钱的价值，就得体会一下借钱的滋味，因为那个去借钱的人会吃苦头。 I f we were not too proud to explain ourselves or to ask explanations of others, most of the misunderstandings of life would disappear. 只要我们不持傲慢态度，凡事多加解释说明，同时也请求别人进行解释，那么生活中的大部分误会将会消除。 I don’t suppose you need my help any more. 我看你不再需要我的帮助了。 2.I did not remember a single point discussed at the meeting. 2.会上讲了什么，我一点没记住。 I had read too many novels and had learned too much at school not to know a good deal about love, but I thought it was a matter that only concerned young people. I could not conceive that a man with a beard, who had sons as old as I, could have any feelings of that sort. 我阅读过许多小说，在学校也学到了不少东西，所以对于恋爱的事不会不懂，但我想这只是年轻人的玩意。我认为一个于思老翁是不会有那种情感的，因为他的几个儿子都像我这样的年纪了。 I had the fortune to become a teacher. 我有幸成为一名教师。 I f you learn to read the signs, you can tell whether what a person says is what he really means, or whether, like the man whose stomach does not move when he laughs, he is trying to deceive you. 如果你学会理解这些姿势，你就能分辨出一个人所说的话是否是他真正要表达的东西，是否是那种“笑里藏刀”的人试图蒙蔽你。 I f you have wide and keen interests and activities in which you can still be effective, you will have no reason to think about the merely statistical fact of the number of years you have already lived, still less of the probable brevity of your future. 你要是具有广泛的爱好和强烈的兴趣，而且还有能力参加一些活动，你就没有理由去考虑自己已经活了多少岁这样的具体数字，更没有理由去考虑自己的余年大概是很有限的了。 3.I know Mr. Wang. 王先生我认识。 4. I f winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ K eep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see your shadow. 你要是面对阳光，那就看不到自己的影子。 L ong-range guns aimed at the position of the enemy. 瞄准敌人阵地的远程炮。 L et the other people of the rest of the world know China. Let China make close contact with the rest of the world. 让世界了解中国，让中国走向世界。