have_用法小结
have 用法小结
一、have作实意动词。
1.表示“有”的意思。
Look, I have wings, just like you.
He had fair hair and blue eyes.
〔注2〕：在英国口语中常用have got代替have.
Look, can’t you see I've got teeth, too
2.have和一些其他名词连用，表示：
(1)一种活动。
We have no classes on Sunday.（上课）
they’re going to have a volleyball match.（举行比赛）
Are we going to have a meeting this week?（开会）
We are going to have a talk this afternoon.（听报告）
(2)患病。
I have got a headache.
I have a bad cold.
(3)发生的情况。
I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.（跌跤）
(4)生育。
The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.
3.和一与动词同形的名词连用，表示一个动作（have＋a＋由动词转化和名词）。
Are you going to have a swim.(JBⅢL1)
I have a long talk with the teacher.(JBⅣL10)
4.have on sth.或have sth. on，表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。
I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.(SBⅡL6)
At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on.
5.表示“吃”、“喝”。
I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.(JBⅢL10)
Does she have lunch at home?(JBⅡL11)
6.组成复合结构即“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。
(1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.)，表示让、叫某人做某事。
The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.(SBⅠL17)
〔注〕：否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”.
We won't have you blame it on others.
She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.
(2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing)，表示让（使）某人做某事。
…the two men had their lights burning all night long….
(3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done)，表示：
①使（让，请）别人作某事，表示的动作是别人做的。
Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.(SBⅠL10)
…he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.(SBⅠL8)
②遭遇到某事。
Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken.(SBⅠL12)
Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.(SBⅠL12)
二、have与to一起构成情态动词，表示“不得不”、“必
须”，可用于各种时态。
I have to look after her at home.(JBⅢL4)
三、have做助动词与动词的过去分词一起构成现在完成时
和过去完成时。
Great changes have taken place the last two years.(JBⅥL3)
They said that the Arab had stolen their camel.(JBⅤL4)
四、have用于“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的结构，有
推测、假设之意。
1.must＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去时间发生的动作或存在的情况的推测，一般用于肯定句。
Her father thought that she must have met a fairy.(SBⅠL10)
You must have left your bag in the theatre.
2.can(could)＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去发生事情的“不肯定”，常用于否定句和疑问句。
He can't have been to your home, he doesn't know your address.
3.should＋have＋过去分词，表示“某事本该早做而实际未做”，用于肯定句。
You should have been here five minutes ago.(SBⅡL10)
五、have用于某些成语，表示固定的意思。
1.have a word(a few words)with sb.，表示和某人说一（几）句话。
Where's Peter? I want to have a word with him.(SBⅢL13)
2.had better＋不带to的动词不定式，表示“…最好…”。
I'd better go and look for him now.(JBⅢL2)
3.have nothing(something)to do with，表示“和…无（有）”关系。
Most of questions had nothing to do with Edison's lessons.
动词have是中学英语课本中出现频率较高的一个普通单词。它既可以作及物动词，也可以用作助动词，其基本意义是“有、拿、受、取、吃、喝、让……”。大多数同学对have表示某人或某物拥有某物的用法比较熟悉。例如：
I have a new pencil-box.
He has two coats.
A desk has four lezs.
但对have的使役用法却知之甚少，或者说对这种用法掌握得还不太好。下面就让我们通过例句来阐明动词have的使役用法。请看下面的例句：
1.He had me mend his bike.
他请我给他修理自行车。
2.The old man had a small house built, for him.
那位老人让人为他建一个小房子。
3.The naughty boy may have me hit.
那个调皮的男孩可能会让人打我。
4.The teacher had the naughty boy standing outside the classroom.
老师叫那位调皮的男孩站在教室外面。
5.I have my friend waiting for me.
我有朋友在等着我。
6.You should have her here.
你应该要她到这里来。
上述例句中的have表示“使、让、请”等意思。除例6中的have之外，其他例句中的have都失去了它原来的“具有”、“拥有”之慈。便役动词have的这类用法可以大致归纳为如下几种句式：
A.have sb do sth
B.have sth or sb done
C.have sb or sth doing
D.have sb or sth+adv
以上四种句式有一个共同点，就是have后都接了一个复合宾语结构，而不同之处就在这个复合宾语结构的构成上，当然意义是各不相同的。句式A：have sb do sth，其意为“要(请)某人干某事”，宾语是人，宾语补足语是不带to的不定式。句式B：ha ve sth or sb done，其意是：“使某事(由某人)来完成”，或“使某人被……”。宾语一般是物，也可以是人，宾语补足语是过去分词。句式c：have sb or sth doing，其意是“允许某人(物)做某事”，另外一层意思是“有某人(物)在干某事”。宾语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语补足语为现在分词。句式D：have sb or sth+adv，可以看作是句式A、B的变形，只是把动词原形或过去分词省略了。宾语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语补足语是副词(表示地点或方向的)。
句式A和句式B所表达的意思基本相同，只是前者强调的是人(让某人做某事)，后者强调的是物(“使某事由某人来做”)，此时行为者可以不出现。请分析并比较下面的例句：
Please have the boys sweep the road.
Please have the road swept (by the boys).
请让那些男孩打扫一下马路。
Mr Wang will have his students clean the desks in the classroom.
Mr Warg will have the desks cleaned(by his students)in theclassroom.
王先生要他的学生来擦洗教室里的课桌。
句式A和句式B中的have都可以用get来代替，但是用get代替句式A中的have时，宾语补足语要用带t0的不定式，即
get sb to do sth。例如上面两个例句可写成：
Please get the .boys to fweep the road.
Mr whng will get his students to clean thedesks in the classroom.
但在表示理发时要特别注意，应该是：
You ought to have(get) your hair cut.
根据以上所述，句式C有两层意思：①有人(物)在做某事；②许可某人(物)做某事。即动词have在这种句式中可能有“具有”(own或possess)的意思。这要根据情况而定，不能生搬硬套。
He has his son waiting for the guest.
他让儿子在等客人。
We have some friends waiting for us upstairs.
我们有几位朋友在楼上等着我们。
Tom said that he had lots of friends coming，
汤姆说他有许多朋友要来。
以上各句中的have都有着这个动词的原意“具有”，即有着某种情况的意思，而没有“使做”的意思，所以，严格说起来，不属于使役用法。但在表示第二层意思的时候，动词have有“允许”或“容忍”的意思，则属于使役的用法，一般用在否定句中。这时，动词have往往可以用allow，let等词代替。例如，
His mother can't have him doing anything.=His mother can't allowhim to do anything。
他的母亲不让他做任何事情。(注意宾语补足语的不同形式。)
Miss.Gao frill hot, have her students smoking in the classroom.
高老师不让她的学生在教室里抽烟。
Mr, Li won't have his wife saying such bad things to her col-
李先生不容许他的妻子讲她同事的坏话。
句式D(have sb or sth+adv)其实是句型A、B的变形。例如：
Do remember to have the boy here.=Do remember to have the come here.
记住把那个男孩带到这儿来。
注意，句式B(have sth or sb done)中的have也未必都是主观意志的“被动”的意思，也就是说不一定都表示主语的意志或吩咐，有时只说明主语的“被动”情况，此时具有suffer或be affected in some way的意思。关于这一点可以通过举例来加以论证，虽说下列例句同句式B一样，但动词have不是“使做”而是“被动”的意思。可以通过举例来阐述此层含义。
1.Mr Green had his purse stolen.
格林先生的钱包被窃去了。(被动)
2.James has his bike mended.
詹姆斯请人把自行车修好了。(使做)
3.Mr Wang has his shoes worn out.
王先生的鞋子给穿破了。(被动)
4.He has such long hair,he should have his hair cut.
他的头发那么长了，应该理发了。(使做)
我们要想了解动词have的使役用法。不仅要掌握它的基本词意和[句式，更要在英语学习中结合不同的语境，勤分析，多思考，这样才能达到对hays的熟练使用。
have是英语中一个非常重要的动词，被戏称为“灵魂动词”或“魔鬼动词”。因其在不同的词组中，具有不同的含义，语法上称这类词
为兼类词。现将have的用法简要归纳如下：
一、表示“有” “拥有”的意思时，强调“所属关系”。其主语常为“人或物”。如：
My father has many new books．我爸爸有许多新书。
I have a new computer．我有一台新电脑。
【注】there be句型表示“有”时强调“某处有某人或某物”，其用法此处不再详述。
二、“have＋表示一日三餐的名词”，意为“用餐”。如：have breakfast／lunch／supper吃早饭／午饭／晚饭。
三、“have＋表示食品、饮料等名词”，意为“吃；喝”。如：have (some) bread吃面包，have eggs (for breakfast) (早餐)吃鸡蛋，have
(a cup of) tea 喝(一杯)茶。
四、“have＋表示动作的名词”，没有固定的意思，常与表示动作的名词同义。如：
have a rest 休息一下
have a swim 游泳
have a drink (of．．．)喝一点(……)
have a look (at ．．．)(朝……)看一眼
五、“have＋表示某种活动的名词”，意为“进行，举行”。如：
have a class (学生) 上课
have a birthday party 举行生日聚会
have+宾语+过去分词
A想对I employed someone to do something for me（我雇用了某人为我做事）这一类句子作更简洁的表达时，可以用这种结构：即不说I employed someone to clean my car，而说I had my car cleaned（我叫人擦了车子）。又如不说I got a man to sweep my chimneys（这里got= paid／persuaded等），而说I had my chimneys swept（我叫人通了烟囱）。
注意必须用have+宾语+过去分词，否则意思就变了：
He had his hair cut．
他理了发。相当于：
He employed someone to do it．
他雇人理发。
但是：
He had cut his hair．（过去完成时）
他自己理了发。（在说话之前的某个时刻他自己给自己理了发）
have这样用时，其否定式和疑问式的现在时和过去时都要用
do来构成：
-Do you have your windows cleaned evny month？
-I don’t have them cleaned；I clean them myself．
-你每月都要叫人擦窗户吗？
-我不叫别人擦，我自己擦。
He was talking about having central heating put in．Did he have it put in in the end？
他那会儿总说要找人装暖气。到底装上了没有？
这种结构可以用于进行时态：
I can’t ask you to dinner this week as I am having my house painted at the moment．
这一周我不能请你来吃饭了，因为现在我正让人刷房子呢。
While I was having my hair done the police towed away my car．
我（让人）做头发时，警察把我的汽车拖走了。
The house is too small and he is having a room built on．
房子太小了，他正叫人添盖一个房间。
get能够像have一样用于上述句中，但更口语化。句中提到完成动作的那个人的时候，也可以用get：She got him to dig away the snow．
她让他把雪挖走。（她雇／说服他……）
（have与不带to的不定式连用也能起同样的作用，如She hadhim dig away the snow。但在英国英语中get结构要常用得多。）
B have+宾语+过去分词结构在口语中可以用来代替常表示意外或不幸遭遇的被动态动词。如His fruit was stolen before hehad a chance to pick it（他树上的果子还没来得及摘就被人偷掉了）可由He had his fruit stolen before he had a chance topick it来代替。Two of his teeth were knoceked out in the fight（他的两颗牙在打架中被打掉了）可由He had two of his teethknocked out…来代替。
在本节A中，可以看到主语是命令别人做某事的人，而在这儿，主语则是承受行为结果的人。这里主语也可以是物：
The houses had their roofs ripped off by the gale．
房子被狂风掀掉了屋顶。
这里也可以用get代替have：
The cat got her tail singed through sitting too near the fire．
猫坐得太靠近炉火，尾巴上的毛被烤焦了。
had better+不带to的不定式
这里had是指不真实的过去；其含义是现在或将来时：
I had／I’d better ring him at once／tomorrow．
我最好还是现在／明天就给他打电话。
其否定式是在better之后加上not：
Y ou had better not miss the last bus．
你最好不要误了最后一班公共汽车。（误了这趟车是不明智的或者我劝你／提醒你不要误了这趟车。）had通常在代词后用缩略形式，在口语中有时轻读甚至弱读到将近听不到的地步。
had better通常不用于普通的疑问式，但有时用于否定疑问式，作为一种劝告句式：
Hadn’t you better ask him first？
你先问一下他不更好吗？相当于：
Wouldn’t it be a good thing to ask him first？
是不是先问一下他比较好？
you had better是一种很有用的劝告句式：
Y ou had better fly．
你最好是乘飞机走。（我劝你乘飞机走。）
在间接引语中，had better与第一、第三人称连用时保持不变，与第二人称连用时可以保持不变，或者转述为advise+宾语+不定式：
He said，‘I had better hurry．’
他说：“我最好快一点。”相当于：
He said（that）he’d better hurry．
他说他最好快一点。
He said，‘Ann had better hurry．’
他说：“安最好快一点。”相当于：
He said（that）Ann had better hurry．
他说安最好快一点。
He said，‘Y ou’d better hurry．
他说：“你最好快一点。”相当于：
He said（that）I’d better hurry．
他说我最好快一点。
He advised me to hurry．
他劝我快一点。
have+宾语+现在分词
A这种说法常常和表示将来某段时间的短语连用：
I’ll have you driving in three days．
我将使你在三天之内学会开车。（由于我的努力，过三天你就学会开汽车了。）
但也可以用于过去时和现在时：
He had them all dancing．
他使得他们全都跳起舞来。（他教／说服他们都跳舞。）
I have them all talking to each other．
我使得他们全都相互交谈起来。（我鼓励／说服他们都相互交谈起来。）
这种结构也可以用于疑问式：
Will you really have her driving in three days？
你真的能在三天之内就教会她开车吗？
但通常不用于否定式。
B If you give all－night parties you’ll have the neighbours complaining．
你如果举办通宵晚会，会搞得邻居们都抱怨你的。（邻居们将抱怨你的。）
If film－stars put their numbers in telephone books they’d have everyone ring them up．
电影明星们如果把他们的电话号码列入电话簿，就会招致所有的人给他们打电话。（人人都会／不断地给他们打电话）。
在第一例句中you’ll have表达了这样的意思：“你将遭到这样的事”。同样，在第二句中they’d have含有这样的意思：“他们会遭到这样的事”。
If you don’t put a fence round your garden you’ll have people walking inand stealing your fruit．
如果你不把你的果园用篱笆围起来，人们会走进来偷摘果子。（人们将走进来／不断进来偷摘果子，即：你要遭到这类事。）
这种结构可以用于疑问句或否定句中：
When they move that bus stop you won’t have people sitting on your steps waiting for the bus any more．
那个公共汽车站迁走之后，再不会有人坐在你的台阶上等公共汽车了。
这种结构主要用于对have的主语来说是不愉快的行为，就如以上的例句所表示的那样。但也可用在并非不愉快的场合：
When he became famous，he had people stopping him in the street and asking for his autograph．相当于：
When he became famous，people stopped him in the street and asked forhis autograph．
他成名之后，常有人在街上拦住他要他签名。
但I won’t have＋宾语＋现在分词通常意指“我不能允许或我不允许此事”：
I won’t have him sitting down to dinner in his overalls．I make him change them．
我不允许他穿着工作服就坐下吃饭。我要他换衣服。（我不许他坐下……）
这种用法只限于第一人称。
have意指possess（拥有）
A have的基本含义是“拥有”：
He has a black beard．
他长着黑胡子。
I have had this car for ten years．
这辆车我已经买了十年了。
She will have￡4，000 a year when she retires．
她退休后，每年将得到4，000英镑。
B 形式
注意否定式和疑问式可用两种形式构成。
C 为表示习惯动作，do与have连用：
-Do you have earthquakes in your country？
-Y es，but we don’t have them very often．
-你们国家地震吗？
-有，但不经常。
have没有“习惯”的含义时，在英国更常用have not（got）／haveyou（got）这些形式，虽然其他说英语的国家（特别是美国）在这种场合也用带do的形式。
美国人可能说：
Can you help me now？Do you have time？
你现在能帮我吗？你有时间吗？
而英国人却多半要这么说：
Can you help me now？Have you got time？
因此用do的形式始终是稳妥的，但住在英国的外国学生也应该练习其他的形式。
D 如上所示，got可以加到have／have not／have you等结构中去而不引起含义上的变化，因此用不用它完全是随意的，但通常
还是加got。然而got不能加到简略答语或附加疑问中去：
-Have you got an ice－axe？
-Y es，I have．
-你有破冰斧吗？
-是的，我有。
She’s got a nice voice，hasn’t she？
她的嗓音很美，是吗？
have肯定式）接got时通常可以缩略：
I’ve got my ticket．
我拿到票了。
He’s got a flat in Pimlico．
他在皮姆利科岛有一套房子。
这时句子重音在got上，而’ve或’s通常仅勉强能听到。have（肯定式）不和got连用时，常常不缩略，这时have和has就要读清楚。
have意指take（a meal）（吃<饭>），
give（a party）（举行<聚会>）等
A have也可以用来表示：
take（a meal／food／drink，a bath／a lesson等）（吃<饭>，吃<东西>，喝<东西>，洗<澡>，上<课>等）give（a party）（举行<聚会>），entertain（guests）（招待<客人>）
encounter（difficulties／trouble）（遭受<困难或麻烦>）
experience（体验），enjoy（享受），通常和形容词如good连用：
We have lunch at one．
我们1点钟吃午饭。
They are having a party tomorrow．
他们明天举行聚会。
Did you have trouble with Customs？
你们在海关遇到麻烦没有？
I hope you’ll have a good holiday．
我希望你愉快地度过假期。
B have用于表示上述含义时，遵循普通动词的变化规则，它后面决不能跟got。
它的否定式与疑问式用do／did来构成。
它可以用于进行时态。
We are having breakfast early tomorrow．
我们明天一早吃早饭。（不远的将来）
She is having twenty people to dinner next Monday．
下星期一她要请20个人吃饭。（不远的将来）
I can’t answer the telephone．I am having a bath．
我不能接电话，我正在洗澡。（当前）
How many English lessons do you have a week？I have six．
你一周上几节英语课？我上六节。
Y ou have coffee at eleven，don’t you？
你们一般11点钟喝咖啡，是吗？（习惯）
Ann has breakfast in bed，but Mary doesn’t．
安经常在床上吃早饭，可玛丽不这样。
Will you have some tea／coffee？
请喝杯茶／咖啡好吗？（这是一种邀请，我们可以省略掉Will you，即只说Have some tea等。）
Did you have a good time at the theatre？
你在戏院看戏愉快吗？（你过得愉快吗？）
Have a good time！
好好地玩吧！
I am having a wonderful holiday．
我正在度一个非常愉快的假期。
I didn’t have a very good journey．
我在旅途中不很舒服。
have的这类短语还有很多，只要大家留意，会在以前学习过的课文中发现很多。这种短语还有自己的宾语或其它成分。例如：
What a nice photo! Let me have a look (at it).
Y ou'd better have a talk with him.
have还可以和表示疾病的名词连用，表示正在或曾经生过某种疾病。例如：
have a headache 头痛have a stomachache 胃痛；肚子痛
have a toothache 牙痛have a sore throat 喉咙痛
have a cough 咳嗽have a cold 感冒
have a fever 发烧have a sore back 背痛
如果我们回答医生询问病情时，一般这样来回答：
-What's the matter (with you)?
-I have a sore foot.
-What's the matter (with you)?
-I have a bad cold.
have的用法还有很多，由于大家尚未接触到，这里就不讲解了。
keep 的用法
Keep的用法： keep vt., vi. kept, keeping 保留；保守 I keep old letters.我保存旧信。 I'll keep the original copy of your report on file. 我会把你报告的原件归档的。 It's an interesting suggestion and we'll keep it on ice." 这是一项有趣的建议,我们将留待以后考虑采用。" 保持；继续 We will keep on trying and, if we get anything done, will notify you. 我们将继续努力，有结果将通知你。 Leaders shouldn't keep themselves aloof from the masses. 领导人决不应该脱离群众。 Keep calm!安静! You shouldn't keep chopping and changing like this; you'd better make up your mind right now! "你不能再这样变化无常了,最好现在就拿定主意!" 遵守 He keeps to his promise.他守约。 "Everyone should keep discipline, and you, officers are no exception." "每个人都应该遵守纪律,你们军官也不例外。" 保卫；保护 Keep the baby warm.别把婴儿冻着。（常与from连用）防止；抑制 Keep one's temper。抑制住不发脾气。 Keep a curb on your anger.请抑制住怒气。 扣留；留下 Please keep me a place in the queue.请在队里给我留个位置。 赡养；饲养 to keep a dog养狗 Farmers usually keep chickens in their backyard. 农民们通常在自己的后院养鸡。 经营；经销；管理 to keep a shop开商店 to keep house治家 （常与from连用）远离；不接触 Keep away from the scene of the accident.勿靠近事故现场。 Their dog looked dangerous, we decided to keep our distance from it. 他们家那条狗样子很凶恶,因此我们决定离它远一点。 But the stone walls keep the farmer's cows from joining his neighbor's cows. 但是石头墙使这家农民的母牛不会加入到邻居的牛群中去。
by的用法总结
by的用法小结： 1、介词prep. 在…旁；靠近 · Our teacher was sitting by the window. 我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。 · Stand by me! 站到我的身旁来！ · We spent our holiday by the sea. 我们在海边度假。 2、介词prep. 经过 · He walked by me without speaking. 他走过我的身旁，没有说话。 · My brother goes by the building every day. 我弟弟每天从这楼旁走过。 3、介词prep. 用；靠；通过 using (showing who or what did something) · I know it by heart. 我把它记在心头。 · They can read by touch. 他们可以通过手摸来阅读。 · By getting up early, I can have an hour for reading English in the morning. 靠起得早，我每天早晨有一小时时间阅读英语。 4、介词prep. 不迟于 not later than · I shall be back by 5 o'clock. 最迟五点我一定回来。 · How many English parties had you had by the end of last term? 到上学期末，你们举行了几次英语晚会？ 5、介词prep. 通过；沿着 through; along; over
· We came through the fields, not by the road. 我们是穿过田野而不是沿那条路来的。· to send a letter by post 通过邮局寄信 6、介词prep. （表示作者）被；由 word that shows the author, painter, etc. · Thirty divided by two is fifteen. 三十除以二得十五。 · The child was saved by a PLA man. 这孩子是由一位解放军战士救活的。 · This bridge was built by the soldiers. 这座桥是士兵们造的。 7、介词prep. （指交通等）乘；用 word that shows what kind of transport, etc. · The man came by bus. 那人是坐公共汽车来的。 · They went to Shanghai by air. 他们坐飞机去上海。 8、介词prep. 在…情况下；在…时间during · Do you prefer travelling by day or by night? 你喜欢在白天还是在夜晚旅行？ 9、介词prep. （表示部分）在…部位word that shows which part · She led the child by the hand. 她拉着孩子的手往前走。 10、副词adv. 在旁边
With的用法全解
With的用法全解 with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、 with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下： 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词； 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词； 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语； 4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式； 5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。 下面分别举例： 1、 She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）
2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语） 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语） 5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语） Without anything left in the with结构是许多英 语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 二、with结构的用法 with是介词，其意义颇多，一时难掌握。为帮助大家理清头绪，以教材中的句子为例，进行分类，并配以简单的解释。在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。 1.带着，牵着…… (表动作特征)。如： Run with the kite like this.
keep的用法
1.keep +形容词 2.keep+sth/sb +形容词 3.keep +doing 一直做某事 4.keep ... from doing ... 阻止做某事。。。 5.keep a pet 饲养一个宠物 6.How long may I keep this book ？ keep指借。 keep的用法小结 keep是高考常考词汇之一，其含义丰富，与其搭配的短语也很多，其主要用法如下： A、用作及物动词 （1）保留、保存、保持、留下 e.g. We'd better keep a seat for him. 我们最好给他留个座位。 He kept all the money in the bank. 他把所有的钱都存入了银行。 （2）履行（诺言）遵守 e.g. One should keep one's promise. 一个人应当遵守自己的诺言。 Everybody must keep the law. 人人都必须守法。 （3）赡养，养活，饲养 e.g. He has a large family to keep. 他有一大家人要养活。 The old man kept many animals like dogs, pigs and cats. 这位老人养了许多动物，像狗、猪、还有猫等。 （4）经营，管理
e.g. He kept a hotel in this city. 在这座城市里，他开了一家旅店。 She is good at keeping house. 她擅长管理家务。 （5）保守（秘密），记（日记、帐） e.g. All of the people keep the Spring Festival in our country. 我国所有的人都庆祝春节。 Some of them keep birthdays. 他们中有些人庆祝生日。 （7）使……处于某种状态（情况） 在这种情况下，keep常跟复合结构（keep＋宾语＋补语）。用作宾语补足语常见的词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。 e.g. He kept me waiting for half an hour. 他让我等了半个小时。 Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. 少说话，多观察。 The doctor kept me in for a week. 医生一周没让我出去。 He always keeps his books in good order. 他总是把书放得整整齐齐。 B、用作不及物动词 （1）保持、继续（处于某种状态）（keep为连系动词）
with用法归纳
with用法归纳 （1）“用……”表示使用工具，手段等。例如： ①We can walk with our legs and feet. 我们用腿脚行走。 ②He writes with a pencil. 他用铅笔写。 （2）“和……在一起”，表示伴随。例如： ①Can you go to a movie with me? 你能和我一起去看电影'>电影吗？ ②He often goes to the library with Jenny. 他常和詹妮一起去图书馆。 （3）“与……”。例如： I’d like to have a talk with you. 我很想和你说句话。 （4）“关于，对于”，表示一种关系或适应范围。例如： What’s wrong with your watch? 你的手表怎么了？ （5）“带有，具有”。例如： ①He’s a tall kid with short hair. 他是个长着一头短发的高个子小孩。 ②They have no money with them. 他们没带钱。 （6）“在……方面”。例如： Kate helps me with my English. 凯特帮我学英语。 （7）“随着，与……同时”。例如： With these words, he left the room. 说完这些话，他离开了房间。 [解题过程] with结构也称为with复合结构。是由with+复合宾语组成。常在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形： 1.with+名词(或代词)+现在分词 此时，现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。 例如:1)With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。（原因状语） 2)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。（伴随情况） 2.with+名词(或代词)+过去分词 此时，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
keep的用法
用作动词(v.) keep about〔around〕1( v.+adv. ) 1. 继续履行职责go on with one's duties keep about〔around〕 She is very ill, but she still keeps about. 她虽然病得很重,但仍然继续工作。 2. 使手边常有have sth always present keep sth ? about〔around〕 I like to keep a few envelopes around in case I need them.我喜欢手边常有几个信封,以应不时之需。 keep about〔around〕2 ( v.+prep. ) keep abreast of( v.+adv.+prep. ) keep after( v.+prep. ) keep aloof( v.+adv. )
keep apart( v.+adv. ) keep at( v.+prep. ) keep away( v.+adv. ) keep away from( v.+adv.+prep. ) keep back( v.+adv. ) keep behind1( v.+adv. ) keep behind2 ( v.+prep. ) keep by1( v.+adv. ) keep by2( v.+prep. ) keep down( v.+adv. ) keep for( v.+prep. ) keep from( v.+prep. ) keep going( v.+adj. ) keep in1( v.+adv. ) keep in2( v.+prep. )
(完整版)time的用法总结
一. time的短语 from time to time 有时 on time 准时寸,in time 及时寸; all the time 始终，一直; at the same time 同时, ahead of time 提前 at no time 绝不 some time 一段时间 sometime在某一时候”可用来指过去或将来 sometimes （at times, from time to time）有时，不时” at a time （a time）
at one time （once） at times ( sometimes) in no time (immediately ) 立刻，马上; have a good/nice time (enjoy on eself) 过的愉快 for the time being 暂时” “ Many a time/many times 多次 take one ' s time容 kill time消磨时间 【活学活用】选出与画线部分意思相同或相近的选项 1. Jim comes to visit us from time to time. That' always the happiest time for the family. A. on time B. sometime
C. at times D. some times 2．At no time ______ study though __ ___great progress. A. should we give up; we have made B. shouldn 'w t e give up; we have made C. we should give up; we have made D. we shouldn 'g t ive up; have we made 3. ---When shall we visit the Science Museum?” --- ________ next week. ” A. Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Sometimes 答案：1. C2.A 3A 二．time 相关从属连词高考常考点 1. every time / each time 每次Every time I call on him, he is out.
with用法小结
with用法小结 一、with表拥有某物 Mary married a man with a lot of money . 马莉嫁给了一个有着很多钱的男人。 I often dream of a big house with a nice garden . 我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子。 The old man lived with a little dog on the lonely island . 这个老人和一条小狗住在荒岛上。 二、with表用某种工具或手段 I cut the apple with a sharp knife . 我用一把锋利的刀削平果。 Tom drew the picture with a pencil . 汤母用铅笔画画。 三、with表人与人之间的协同关系 make friends with sb talk with sb quarrel with sb struggle with sb fight with sb play with sb work with sb cooperate with sb I have been friends with Tom for ten years since we worked with each other, and I have never quarreled with him . 自从我们一起工作以来，我和汤姆已经是十年的朋友了，我们从没有吵过架。 四、with 表原因或理由 John was in bed with high fever . 约翰因发烧卧床。 He jumped up with joy . 他因高兴跳起来。 Father is often excited with wine . 父亲常因白酒变的兴奋。 五、with 表“带来”，或“带有,具有”，在…身上，在…身边之意
have has的用法
have和has的用法有哪些 1、谓语动词have表示“有”,有两种形式:have和has,前者用于第一人称(I,we),第二人称(you)和第三人称复数(they),后者用于第三人称单数(he,she,it)或单数名词。 如：I have an apple and he has two bananas.我有一个苹果,他有两个香蕉。 2、have/has句型与there be句型的比较:两者都表示“有”,但用法不同。前者表示所属关系,即表示“某人或某物有什么”,而后者表示存在,表示“某地有什么”。 如：They have some new books.他们有一些新书。 3、have/ has的否定句,一般要加助动词do/does,再加not构成,即do not have (don’t have)/does not have (doesn’t have) 如：We don’t have any classes on Saturday.我们星期六没有课。 4、一般疑问句由“助动词Do/ Does + 主语+ have + 宾语”构成,回答用Yes, … do/ does.或者No, … don’t/ doesn’t. 如：--Do you have a big house?他们的房子大吗? 5、特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词+助动词do/does+have(+状语)构成。 如：What do they have?他们有什么? 2have和has的区别 have一般在主语是I,you或主语是复数的时候用，而has在主语是he,she 的时候用，但have都表示“有”。have用于主语是非第三人称单数，如：we/they/you/I等。如：I have a pen.
Keep_用法
Keep 用法知多少 keep 是英语中用法灵活的动词之一，用法归纳如下： 一、用作系动词，意为“保持（某种状态）”，其后常接形容词作表语。如： Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静！ After the accident, he still kept alive. 这次事故之后，他仍然活着。 二、用作实义动词，可表示： 1. 保管；保存；保留。如： Keep the change. 零钱不用找了。 Please keep these things for me while I am away. 在我离开期间，请你替我保管这些东西。 2. 赡养；饲养。如： Does he earn enough to keep himself and his family? 他的收入够养活他自己和他的家人吗？ I used to keep sheep in my childhood. 我在孩提时常常养羊。 3. 经营。如： Her father kept a grocer's shop for a number of years. 她父亲开了几年杂货店。 4. 坚持；继续。后面如接动词，要用V-ing 形式作宾语。如： If you keep (on) practising your spoken English, you'll soon make great progress. 如果你坚持练习英语口语，你很快就会取得很大的进步。 5. 阻止；阻碍。常用于keep sb/sth from doing sth 结构中，其中介词from 不能省略。如： The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match. 大雨没能阻止他们观看足球赛。 6. 保持。其后常接复合宾语，表示使（某人或某物）保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。 ①keep + sb/sth + 介词。如：
(完整版)havesth.done等四种句型用法差异最全面总结
havesth.done等四种句型用法差异最全面总结 have sth. done，have sb. do , have sb./sth. doing与have sth. to do 等四种句型的区别 Thanks to: 许氏英语教学暨研究工作室 一、Have sth. done可表示四种不同的语法意义 （1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事。 例：①I had(=got) that door painted last week.上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。 ②I had(=got) my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我请人补了牙。 （2）（主语）完成某事（可能参与）。 例：①they are going to have (=got) some threes planted.他们打算植些树。 ②we must have (=got) the work finished by Tuesday.我们必 须在星期二以前完成此项工作。 （3）（主语）遭受某种不幸的情况。 例：①I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被（风）吹掉了。 ②I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.下车时我的腿子摔断了。
(4) 用于否定句中，表示“不允许….”“不让”。 例：①I won’t have anything said against her.我不会允许有任何反对她的言论。 ②I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.不不会让我的房子变成一个旅馆。 二、have sb. do表示四种含意 （1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事。可以用“get sb. to do”结构来替换。 例：①I had him repair my bike. （=I got him to repair my bike.）我请他修理自行车。 ②Don’t forget to have him come.别忘了叫他来。 （2）表示主语无意识的行为，这时“have”作“有”解。例：These small animals seem glad to have people visit them. （3）表示主语“经历”某事。 例：He had his mother die.他遭丧母。 （4）在否定句中作“容忍”“允许”解。 例：I won’t have you say such things about her.我不允许你说她这样的话。 三、have sb./sth. doing 表示两种含意或者说一种含意。（1）在肯定句中常表示“让某人做某事”，“让某情况发生”之意，含有动作正在进行之意。 例：①he soon had them all laughing. 他很快让他们都笑了起
中考英语keep用法归纳
Keep用法归纳 在人教版初中英语教材中，keep是要求学生必须掌握的四会词之一，现将其多见用法归纳小结如下，以利于大家正确地使用该词。 一、用作及物动词 1.意为“保存；保留；保持；保守“。如： Could you keep these letters for me, please?你能替我保存这些信吗？ I“ll keep a seat for you.我给你留个座位。 It can help to keep vegetables, fruit and meat for a long time in hot summer.在炎夏的夏天，它有助于蔬菜、水果和肉类长时间保鲜。 Can you keep a secret?你能保守秘密吗？ 2.意为“照顾；养活“等。如： She kept her sister for a week while her sister was ill.她妹妹有病时，她照看她了一个星期。 I have a family to keep.我得养活一家人。 3.意为“留下；不必还“。如： You can keep the pen if you like it.你要是喜欢就把钢笔留下吧。 Keep the change.不用找零钱了。 4.意为“遵守；维护“。如： Everyone must keep the rules.人人必须遵守规章制度。 The teacher is keeping order in class.老师正在课堂上维持秩序。 5.意为“售；卖“。如： The shop keeps everything you need.那家商店里出售的东西应有尽有。
to 用法总结
be/get/become used to 习惯于 be related to 与…有关系 be addicted to 沉溺于；对…上瘾 be opposed to 反对 devote oneself to献身于；专心于 be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于 be admitted to 被…录取；准进入 be reduced to 沦为 reduce…to…使…沦为 be attached to附属于；喜欢；依恋 be adjusted to 适应 be sentenced to被判处 be exposed to 暴露于；遭受 be/become/ get accustomed to//accustomed to 惯于；有…习惯be engaged to 与…订婚 get down to 着手做 lead to 导致 object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成 give rise to 引起 stick to 坚持； see to 负责；注意 contribute to对…作贡献；有助于 make contributions to对…作贡献 apply oneself to 致力于 in addition to除…之外 turn to转向；求助于 look up to 尊敬 belong to 属于 take to 喜爱；开始 respond to 回答；对…作出回应 amount to等于 refer to 谈到；参考；查阅 turn a blind eye to对…视而不见 turn a deaf ear to 对…充耳不闻 show honour to向…表示敬意 propose a toast to 提议…… set fire to 放火烧…… occur to sb. 想起；想到 hold to 坚持；抓住 help oneself to 随便用…… hold on to 抓住；固守
With复合结构的用法小结
With复合结构的用法小结 with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二 部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下： 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词； 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词； 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语； 4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式； 5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。 下面分别举例： 1、She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语） 2、With the meal over ，we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语） 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。）The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词+不定式，作条件状语） 5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）Without anything left in the cupboard，shewent out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语） 二、with结构的用法 在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。 With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如： 1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs. 2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. 3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. 三、with结构的特点 1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。例如：With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.（欣慰）→（He was taken good care of.）She fell asleep with the light burning. →（The light was burning.）With her hair gone，there could be no use for them. →（Her hair was gone.） 2. 在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词。例如：He could not finish it without me to help him. 四、几点说明： 1. with结构在句子中的位置：with 结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在
have和has-用法
have与has都是“有”的意思,但二者用法是有区别的. 在陈述句中,当主语是单数第三人称（he、she、it）时,句子的谓语是“有”时,用has；当主语是其他人称（I、you、we、they）时,句子的谓语是“有”时,用have. 例句：I \ You have an apple . We\They have some apples . He\She has a pen . 但是,在疑问句中,当主语是就单数第三人称提问或否定句时用助动词does 和does not (doesn't),然后把has 变成have 如果不是第三人称,助动词就是do ,否定式do not (don't).特殊疑问句回答照样,该是has 还是has 该是have 还是have 但是当一般疑问句以do 或does开头的时候,只能回答do dont 或者does doesn't 例句： Do you have a book yes ,I do /No ,I don't What does a cat have the cat has a , He doesnt have any coffee. 就是第二种：have本身也可以作为助动词,(作为完成时里的助动词)本身无词义,和do 一样,has 就相当于does 在单三情况下用,主要用于构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构.（那此时的have还是has就要看具体的人称而定）完成时态是have/had + done (过去分词的形式) I have finished my work,she has finished her work have you finished your work?has she finished her work?在一般疑问句里回答直接用have/has yes,i have/ No ,i haven't Yes,she has/ No,she hasn't(因为这里have/has是助动词) have 是动词原形i have,we have,you have,they have,to have...
keep用法
?keep at 1.坚持做…：继续某项工作或行为 ?keep down 1.压制，镇压：阻止…成长、完成或成功 Keep down prices; keep the revolutionaries down. 控制物价；镇压革命 ?keep off 躲开，避开 ?keep to 1.坚持，信守Keep to the original purpose.遵守原定宗旨 ?keep up 1.保持良好状态Kept up the property保存财产 2.保持；继续We asked her to stop talking, but she kept up. 我们请她别再说话了，但她依旧说下去 3.并行：按相同的水平或步伐继续下去 4.不落后，赶得上：赶上对手、同事或邻居，指在成就或生活方式上 Unsuccessfully tried to keep up with his associates.没能赶上他的同事们 ?you can't keep a good man (或woman) down (非正式)有能力的人是不会被挫折或问题吓倒 ?keep one's feet 站稳，不倒 ?keep goal (主英足)守球门 ?keep going (困难时）努力维持正常生活 ?keep open house 好客 ?keep to oneself 避开与人接触，独处 ?keep something to oneself 守口如瓶 ?keep up with the Joneses 与人攀比 ?keep wicket (板球)守板球门 ?keep someone after (美)（作为对小学生的惩罚）放学后留校
的用法总结
I t的用法总结 一. 代词: 1)指代上文 2)指代this/that 3)指代未知性别的婴儿或孩子或身份不明的人 4）指代时间/地点/天气/温度/距离/环境 1.It gets dark very early in the winter. 2.What will you call it if it’s a boy 3.I love spring---It’s a wonderful time of the year. 4.It’s less than 100 kilometres from here to Jinan. 5.When the factory closes, it will mean 500 people losing their jobs. 6.What’s this It’s a cat. 7.It has snowed much this year. (1)The book in your bag is very interesting. Can I borrow (2) The book in your bag is more interesting than ______ on the desk. (3) The weather here is much colder than____ in Nanjing. (4) The books are free. You can take____ free of charge. (5) The books in the bag are better than _____ on the desk.
have 的用法小结
专题之have 的用法小结 have作实意动词。一、 1.表示“有”的意思。 Look, I have wings, just like you. He had fair hair and blue eyes. 〔注1〕：其否定和疑问形式变化，在美国通常用助动词do。〔注2〕：在英国口语中常用have got代替have. 和一些其他名词连用，表示： (1)一种活动。 We have no classes on Sunday.（上课） they're going to have a volleyball match.（举行比赛） Are we going to have a meeting this week（开会） We are going to have a talk this afternoon.（听报告） (2)患病。 I have got a headache. 发生的情况。(3) I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.（跌跤） (4)生育。 The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer. 3.和一与动词同形的名词连用，表示一个动作（have＋a＋由动词转化和名词）。
Are you going to have a swim. I have a long talk with the teacher. on sth.或have sth. on，表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。 I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.(SBⅡL6) At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on. 5.表示“吃”、“喝”。 I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs. Does she have lunch at home？ 。”＋宾语＋宾语补足语“have组成复合结构即6. (1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.)，表示让、叫某人做某事。 The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 〔注〕：否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”. We won't have you blame it on others. She had never had anybody speak to her that way before. (2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing)，表示让（使）某人做某事。 …the two men had their lights burning all night long…. (3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done)，表示： ①使（让，请）别人作某事，表示的动作是别人做的。 Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up. …he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for