不定式作定语的用法
不定式作定语的用法
不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。
一些名词后常用不定式作定语，如：
chance(机会），way(方法），time(时间）等；另外，the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，也常用不定式作定语。
不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂，有的是主谓关系；有的是动宾关系；有的是动状关系，还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。
1、主谓关系的
（1）We must find a person to do the work.
(2) There is no one to take care of her.
(3) In my family,my mother is always the first one to get up.
(5) We need someone to go and get a doctor.
2、动宾关系的如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。注意：
是及物动词的，后面不要再加宾语，因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语；是不及物动词的，要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词，只有这样，它才能带上前面的宾语。
（1）He has a lot of books to read.
(2) I would like a magazine to look at.
(3) Here is some advice for you to follow.
(4) Do you have anything else to say?
(5) There is no one to take care of.
(6) She has nothing to worry about.
3、动状关系的被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语，应多用介词短语。由于被修饰词前没有介词，所以只能在不定式里的动词后加介词。
（1）Please give me some paper to write on.
(2) Let"s find a room to put these things in
(3）I have no house to live in.
(4) He has no pen to write with.
(5) There are five pairs to choose from.
4、不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的被修饰词与不定式里的动词不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的，被修饰词多是些抽象名词。
（1）I have no time to go to the movie.
（2）There"s no need to send for a doctor.
(3) Where"s the best place to meet?
(4) Is that the way to do it?
现在分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。现在分词用定语时相当于一个定语从句；作状语表示时间、原因、条件等时相当于一个状语从句。然而，我们在使用现在分词时应注意两方面的问题。
一、"作定语
现在分词短语作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，现在分词短语作后置定语时，应注意下列三点：
1."现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作是一先一后发生而不是同时发生时，不能用现在分词作定语，应使用定语从句表示。如：
（误）The teacher criticized the student having broken the window.
（正）The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.
（误）Do you know anyone having lost a car ?
（正）Do you know anyone who have lost a car ?
2."being可用状语或补语，但不可作定语。如：
（误）Anybody being outside after ten o’clock will be criticized.
（正）Anybody who is outside after ten o’clock will be criticized.
3."表示经常性或已完成的非进行动作的时候，不用现在分词作定语。例如：
（误）The boy bring us milk everyday is my brother.
（正）The boy who brings us milk everyday is my brother.
二、"作状语
现在分词作状语，我们必须注意以下四点：
1."现在分词作状语与谓语动词的时间关系。
现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生时，现在分词用一般式。如：
The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president.He sent me an E-mail, hoping to get further information.
现在分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作时，现在分词要用完成式。如：
Having suffered from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicinewith him whenever he goes.
Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play football.
2."现在分词作状语与主语的关系。现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子主语必须保持一致。如果不一致，分词应有自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。如：
Looking out of the window of our hotel room, we could see lots of mountains around.They came into the classroom, talking and laughing.
Mr. Smith being absent, the meeting had to be put off.
It being a fine day, we all wanted to go outing.
3."现在分词作状语时，前面可用连词when, while, once等。如：
When talking to you, I always feel happy.
Be careful while crossing the street.
4."现在分词作状语时与主语之间不能有并列连词or, and, but等，因为并列连词连接的是两个并列的成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，但分词与主语之间可用逗号。如：
（误）Having been told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.
（正）Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.
过去分词的主要用法
非谓语动词除了包括不定式、动名词和现在分词之外,还包括过去分词。过去分词又称-ed分词,在句中可以构成句子的谓语和复合宾语,也可以用作句子的表语、定语和状语。
一、过去分词构成谓语和作表语的情况
1.和某些助动词一起构成句子的谓语:
I haven’t been out much recently.我最近没太出门。
分析:
过去分词been和have的否定形式haven’t一起构成句子的谓语(完成否定形式)"haven’t been"。
It was said that he had been arrested.据说他被捕了。
分析:
过去分词arrested和be的完成形式had been一起构成句子的谓语(用了被动语态)。
2.在句中用作表语:
I am awfully worried. Daddy is ill.我很着急,我爸爸病了。分析:
过去分词worried作表语,和am一起构成系表结构。
二、过去分词和它所补充说明的名词一起构成复合宾语
这种用法又可分为两种情况:
1.过去分词和名词一起构成复合宾语。例如:
She didn’t want her daughter taken outafter dark.她不希望天黑后女儿被带出门。分析:
过去分词短语taken out作名词短语herdaughter的补语,并和该名词短语一起构成复合宾语。
2.介词with后有时也可以跟这类复合宾语。例如:
He sat with his arms clasped round his knees.他双手抱膝坐着。
That year ended with nothing settled.那一年什么事也没解决就结束了。
分析:
在这两句话中,过去分词clasped和settled分别作his arms和nothing的补语,并一起构成介词的复合宾语。
三、过去分词用作定语修饰名词
1.表示情绪的过去分词可以作定语,这些过去分词主要有
satisfied,frightened,worried,pleased,confused,embarrassed,surprised,astonishe d,
agitated,puzzled等。例如:
Martin’s confused sorrows turned to optimism.马丁烦乱的悲哀情绪转而变成乐观情绪。
He didn’t notice the surprised look on her face.他没有注意到她脸上惊讶的表情。
分析:
在这两个例句中,过去分词confused和surprised均作定语,分别修饰名词sorrows和look。
2.一些过去分词用作定语并与其修饰的名词构成固定搭配。例如:
boiled water开水canned food罐头食品required courses必修课united front 统一战线
3.过去分词和名词、形容词、副词等一起构成复合形容词。例如:
a simply-furnished apartment一套陈设简单的房间
a cautiously-worded statement措辞谨慎的声明
strongly-motivated students学习动力很强的学生
4.带有完成意义的一些过去分词也可以作定语。例如:
the risen sun ( = the sun that has just risen)初升的太阳
vanished jewels消失了的珠宝
an exploded bomb (a bomb that has exploded)爆炸了的炸弹
returned students归国留学生
注:
有些以-ed结尾的词,并不是过去分词,而是由名词变来的形容词。例如:
armored cars装甲车
a gifted boy有天赋的孩子
salaried class工薪阶层
a detailed account详细的叙述
a bearded man留络腮胡子的男人
5.有些过去分词短语用在所修饰词后面作定语,作用相当于一个定语从句。例如:
Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.突然出现一个穿绿衣的女子。
分析:
过去分词短语dressed in green放在名词短语a young woman后面作定语,相当于一个定语从句who was dressed in green。
The play put on by the teachers was a big success.老师们上演的戏很成功。
分析:
过去分词短语put on by the teachers放在名词短语the play后面作定语,相当于一个定语从句that was put on by the teachers。
6.单一的过去分词有时也可跟在名词后面作定语。例如:
The designers decided to change the materials used.设计者决定改变所用的材料。
分析:
单一的过去分词used跟在名词短语the materials后面作定语,相当于一个定语从句that were used。
7."过去分词的进行形式作定语表示现在正在进行的动作:
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们须对正在讨论的问题保密。
分析:
过去分词discussed的进行形式being discussed作名词短语the things的定语,相当于一个定语从句which are being discussed。
I knew nothing about the experiment being conducted there.我对在那里进行的实验一无所知。
分析:
过去分词conducted的进行形式being conducted作名词短语the experiment 的定语,相当于一个定语从句which was being conducted。
四、过去分词作状语
1.过去分词短语作状语(多放在句首,也可放在句尾或句中):
Seen from the hill, thecity looks magnificent.从山上看这座城市非常壮观。He soon felt asleep, exhausted by thejourney.由于旅途劳顿,他很快就睡着了。分析:
过去分词短语seen from the hill和exhaustedby the journey分别放在句首和句尾作状语,修饰相应的主句。
2.单独的过去分词有时也可用作状语:
Depressed, he went to see his elder sister.他情绪很低沉,于是便去看他的姐姐。He turned away, disappointed.他失望地走开了。分析:
单个过去分词depressed和disappointed分别放在句首和句尾作状语,修饰主句。
3.过去分词短语和连词连用,作状语:
I went on talking, though continually interrupted by George.我继续讲我的,尽管一直被乔治打断。
分析:
4.过去分词还可引导一个状语从句:
Provided (that) there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting there.如果没有人反对,我们将在那里开会。
分析:
过去分词provided引导出句子(that) there is no opposition并和该句子一起作状语,修饰主句we shall hold the meeting there。
真题演练
请按要求将下列句子翻译成英语：
1.下午四点半主席宣布闭会。（过去分词构成复合宾语）
2.她脸上的愁容加重了。（用过去分词作定语）
3.最后威尔逊提出的计划通过了。（过去分词短语放在所修饰名词后作定语）
4.你对正在维也纳召开的峰会有什么看法？（用过去分词的进行时形式）
5.连续的暴雨使桥身受损，这座桥已不再安全。（过去分词短语作状语）
6.当别人对他以友善相待时，他非常和蔼可亲。（过去分词和连词连用作状语）
7.如果你早上六点钟到达车站，你就会赶上最早的火车。（用过去分词引导状语从句）
答案及解析
1. At 4:30 p.m. the chairman declared the session closed.
分析:
过去分词"closed"作名词短语"the session"的补语,并和该名词短语一起构成谓语"declared"的复合宾语。
2. The worried look deepened upon her face.
分析:
过去分词"worried"作定语,修饰主语"look"。
3. In the end the program offered by Wilson was adopted.
分析:
过去分词短语"offered by Wilson"放在名词"pro-gram"后面作该名词的定语,相当于一个定语从句"that was offered by Wilson"。
4." What do you think of the summit meeting being held in Vienna?
分析:
过去分词"held"的进行时形式"being held"和介词短语"in Vienna"一起作名词短语"the summit meeting"的定语,相当于一个定语从句"which are being held in Vienna"。
5. Weakened by successive storms, the bridge was no longer safe.
分析:
过去分词短语"weakened by successive storms"放在句首作状语表示原因,修饰整个主句。
6. When treated with kindness, he was very amiable.
分析:
过去分词短语"treated with kindness"和连词"when"连用,一起作状语修饰整个主句。
7. Provided (that) you arrive at the station at 6:00 a.m., you will catch the earliest train.分析:
过去分词provided (that)引导出分句"you arrive at the station at 6:00 a.m.",并和该分句一起作状语修饰整个主句。
定语从句即在复合句中充当定语的从句，定语从句修饰名词或者代词放在所修饰名词或代词之后，这种名词或者代词叫先行词。
引导先行词的有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：
that，which，who，whom，whose .
that指人、物，在从句中做主语（不可以省略）或宾语（可省略）
which指物，在从句中做主语（不可以省略）或宾语（可省略）
who指人，在从句中做主语（不可省略）或宾语（可省略）
whom指人，在从句中做宾语可省略，但在其之前有介词时不可以省略。
whose通常指人也可指物，在从句中做定语。
注意：
that的用法
1.定语从句的先行词被all，some，any，no，little，few，much，very,only 等修饰时
You should hand in all that you have.
2.定语从句的先行词被序数修饰或在它前面有一个序数词时
He is the last person（that）I want to see.
It is the first American movie of this kind that I've ever seen.
3.定语从句的先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
4.定语从句的先行词是不定代词everything，anything，nothing等不定代词时
Is there anything else that I can do for you?
5.定语从句的先行词既有人又有物时
They talked about the persons and the things that they remebered in the old days.
6.主句中已有一疑问词who或which时
Which is the bike that you lost.
Who is the woman that was was praised at the meetings?
7.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用that.
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
8.that不可以用于非限定定语从句。
which的用法
1.which可以用于引导非限定定语从句
2.介词+which，其中的which不可以省略，有时候相当于where，when，why的用法介词+关系代词：
介词+whom，介词+which
who的用法
1.先行词是one,ones,anyone时用who。
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
2.先行词为those时，关系代词用who。
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
3.先行词有较长的后置定语时用who。
I met a foreiner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese.
4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that，另一个定语从句who。
关系副词：
where，when，why
where做地点状语
This is the house I was born in the house.
=This is the house I was born there.
=This is the house where I was born.
=This is the house in which I was born.
=This is the house that/which I was born in.
where代替先行词the house在从句中地点状语，代替there（副词）或in the house（介词短语),where=inwhich.
when的用法
He came at a time when we need help.
=He came at a time at which we need help.
=He came at a time which/that/省略we need help at .
when=at which,表示at a time
why的用法
The reason why I'm calling you is no invite you to a party.
=The reason why/that/省略I'm calling you is no invite you to a party.
why代替reason，这里要注意与表语从句的区别，这个话换成表语从句就是:
The reason is that I'm calling you is no invite you to a party.
关于定语从句的句型
1.as引导定语从句有两个意思，第一个意思是“正如、有些”，第一个意思是代替“，”前面或者后面整句话的意思。
As everybody can see,great changes have taken place in China.
正如大家所能看到的，中国已发生了巨大的变化。
The teacher is from Beijing,as/which they know from his accent.
他们从老师的口音中就知道他是北京人。
在这里which和as的用法相同但是只可以用在“，”之后代替前面整句话的意思。
2.关于as的句型
⑴such...as和the same...as
such...as像……一样的，像……之类，the same...as和……同样的
as是关系代词，such和same做定语修饰主句里的某个名字或代词，as可担任主语、宾语或表语。
例如：
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
我们找到了像他们厂里用的那种材料。as做主语。
Such people as you describe are short nowdays.
你描述的这种人现在已经很少了。as做宾语。
He is not the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。as作表语
This is the same thing as we are in need of.这东西和我们所需要的东西都是一样的
as作宾语
⑵...such as...中的such为代词，“这样的人或物”，as担任成分，修饰先行词such。
例如：
This book is not such I expect.这不是一本我所希望的书。
不定式作定语的用法
不定式作定语的用法 不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。 一些名词后常用不定式作定语，如：chance(机会），way(方法），time(时间）等；另外， the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，也常用不定式作定语。 不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂，有的是主谓关系；有的是动宾关系；有的是动状关系，还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。 1、主谓关系的（1）We must find a person to do the work. (2) There is no one to take care of her. (3) In my family,my mother is always the first one to get up. (4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave. (5) We need someone to go and get a doctor. 2、动宾关系的如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。注意：是及物动词的，后面不要再加宾语，因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语；是不及物动词的，要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词，只有这样，它才能带上前面的宾语。 （1） He has a lot of books to read.(2) I would like a magazine to look at. (3) Here is some advice for you to follow.(4) Do you have anything else to say? (5) There is no one to take care of.(6) She has nothing to worry about. 3、动状关系的被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语，应多用介词短语。由于被修饰词前没有介词，所以只能在不定式里的动词后加介词。（1）Please give me some paper to write on. (2) Let"s find a room to put these things in (3） I have no house to live in. (4) He has no pen to write with.(5) There are five pairs to choose from. 4、不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的被修饰词与不定式里的动词不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的，被修饰词多是些抽象名词。（1）I have no time to go to the movie. （2）There"s no need to send for a doctor. (3) Where"s the best place to meet? (4) Is that the way to do it?(5） I"m not sure about his ability to complete the task alone. 现在分词作定语状语的用法 现在分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。现在分词用定语时相当于一个定语从句；作状语表示时间、原因、条件等时相当于一个状语从句。然而，我们在使用现在分词时应注意两方面的问题。 时，应注意下列三点： 1.现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作是一先一后发生而不是同时发生时，不能用现在分词作定语，应使用定语从句表示。如： The teacher criticized the student having broken the window. The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. Do you know anyone having lost a car ? Do you know anyone who have lost a car ? 2.being可用状语或补语，但不可作定语。如： Anybody being outside after ten o’clock will be criticized. Anybody who is outside after ten o’clock will be criticized.
不定式及其短语在句子中用作定语_动词 英语语法.doc
不定式及其短语在句子中用作定语_动词 1．不定式(短语)作定语的时候很多，特别是在某些句型中：Do you have anything more to say? 你还有什么话要说吗? She wanted to get something to read． 她想找点书看。 He was the first person to think of the idea． 他是第一个产生这个想法的人。 There’s nothing to be wo rried about． 没有什么事值得发愁。 We need someone to help with the typing． 我们需要人帮助打字。 She’s a nice person to work with． 她是一个好共事的人。 2．有些名词后常可跟不定式作定语： It’s time to start spring sowing． 现在已是开始春播的时候了。 That’s the best way to solve the problem． 这是解决这问题的最好办法。 This will be a good opportunity to exchange experience． 这将是交流经验的好机会。
You have no right to talk like that． 你没有权利这样讲话。 I’d like to have a chance to see more of him． 我愿意有机会多见见他。 3．有些动词和形容词后面常跟不定武，它们的同源名词也常跟不定式作定语: You haven’t kept your promise to write us regularly． 你没有遵守经常给我们寄信的诺言。(比较：Yon promised to．．．) She made no attempt to take a medical degree． 她没有企图拿医学学位。 We could see her anxiety to settle the thing herself． 我们看得出她很想自己来解决这个问题。(比较：She was anxious to） His eagerness to go with us was obvious． 他显然想和我们一道去。 4．有些不定式(短语)可作定语，相当于一个定语从句： Perhaps in years to come (=which are to come) we shall meet again 或许在未来的岁月中我们还会见面。 You are invited to a party(which is)to be held on Wednesday in our club．
动词不定式用法归纳
动词不定式用法归纳 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。 1．作主语 可以直接作主语。如： To see is to believe． 但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如： It's wrong to play tricks on other people． It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy．（Lesson 10）． 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj．（形容词）＋to do sth．或 It is ＋n．（名词）＋to do sth．句型中，it仅作形式主语。 2．作宾语 a.以下动词只能to do 作宾语。 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange 安排 mean意欲，打算 begin开始 expect期望 appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 start 开始 undertake承接 want想要 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 seek找，寻觅 try试图 b．love，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。 提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。如： I like swimming，but I don't like to swim now．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。 c．stop，forget，remember，go on ，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 1）stop to do sth．：停止一件事，去做另一件事。 stop doing sth．：停止正在做的事。 例句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk． 当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。 2）思考：forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别d．在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋to do sth．句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如： The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep． I feel it easy to recite the text． 点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。 3．作宾语补足语 a．下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请 get请，得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢，宁愿 announce
不定式作定语
不定式作定语： 本节有关知识点与不定式作宾语、宾补不同，不需要记住那么多特殊动词的特殊用法。但它更强调理解。而且在实际应用过程中，本节容易出错的地方更多。这是学习者首先需要注意的。 要理解本节内容，就要注意分析不定式所修饰的名词与作定语的不定式关系 5.1宾语关系 5.1.1.四种表现形式： ?I have a letter to write.(动词宾语) ?He needs something to hope for(动词短语的宾语。hope for在意义上不可分割) ?I need a pen to write with。（不定式中介词宾语write with在意义上分割） 不能说write a pen，可以说write with a pen.其实是介词及其宾语在逻辑上一块作方式状语，来修饰不定式to write. 再如：I have no language partner to practice speaking English with.句子的本意不是说language partner自己practice speaking English，而是我practice speaking English，需要有language partner伴随。因此句后加了一个with，与language partner一块作逻辑意义上的伴随状语，修饰practice speaking English。 ?I need some paper to write on.（不定式中介词宾语write on在意义上分割） 分析类似上，其实是介词及其宾语在逻辑上一块作地点状语，来修饰不定式to write. 再来分析为什么下例为何错误: She has some children to take care of them. 动词词组To take care of与children已经构成了逻辑上的动宾关系，与前面的例句“I have a letter to write.”意义相同，还要them干嘛？ 综上所述，不定式作定语时，要时刻注意不定式与所修饰的名词的逻辑语义关系，时刻注意不定式动词后面是否需要加介词。 在书面语当中，带介词的动词不定式短语在句中作定语时往往可用“介词+关系代词（which或whom）+动词不定式”来代替。这种替代只适用于“不及物动词+介词”和“及物动词+宾语+介词”的结构。若不定式短语为固定的及物短语动词，则不能用“介词+关系代词（which或whom）+动词不定式”来代替。这一结构中的不定式的逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，或者是泛指的。若仔细分析句子中各成分之间的逻辑意义会发现这种“介词+关系代词（which或whom）+动词不定式”的不定式通常不能是被动形式。 He is the best man to consult the matter with. = He is the best man with whom to consult the matter. He needs a decent suit to go to the party in. = He needs a decent suit in which to go to the party. 而She has a lot of things to take care of 不等于She has a lot of things of which to take care . “She has a lot of things of which to take care”是一个错句。 如果不定式的不及物形式修饰time, place, way，moment等词时，可以省略掉不定式中不及物动词后面的介词：He has no place to live. 5.1.2.不定式作定语时的语态问题 ①I have a letter to write . 逻辑语义：“I”“write”“a letter”，to write用主动。当然也可以用被动。那么“写”的就不是“我”了。 ②He needs something to hope for。
to-do-sth不定式用法
动词不定式 巧记动词不定式的用法 具体用法 一、动词不定式的基本形式是“不定式符号to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍保留动词的特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式同它的宾语和状语一起构成不定式短语。 例如：to sell flowers in the street 在街上卖花to speak in the classroom 在教室里讲话 不定式省to有四种情况： 1、使役动词let, make, have等后接不定式。 例如：Let him go! The boss made the child labors work the whole night. 2、would rather, had better后。例如：You had better stay at home. 3、Why…/Why not…后。例如：Why not have a good rest on Sunday? 4、感官动词see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find，notice 等后作宾语补足语，省to。 例如：I saw him dance. 注意：这些情况在被动语态中，不可省to. 例如：The child labors were made to work the whole night. 二、动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 1、用作主语 直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。 例如：The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. How to make requests politely is important. 2、用作表语 动词不定式作表语，常用在be动词及seem, appear, happen等词之后，构成系表结构。说明主语的内容、性质、特征。例如：The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. She seem to be well-known. 3、用作宾语 ○1. 用作宾语的动词不定式，常用在动词ask, choose, agree，expect, hope, decide, learn，prefer, know，wish, want, would like / love等及物动词之后，构成动宾短语。 例如：We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.
动名词、动词不定式、分词作定语区别.
动词的不定式,\分词\.动名词的区别及其用法、搭配。 答：非谓语动词包括动词不定式。动名词和分词三种形式,分词又包括现在分词和过去分词。这三种形式都是由动词变来的,但在句子中都不能作谓语,故这三种形式被称为非谓语动词。下面就这三种形式在用法上的区别浅析如下: 一、动词不定式和动名词在句子中均可作主语和表语 在表示一个具体的。个别的或将来的动作时,要用动词不定式。如: My job is to teach the first-year students grammar. To study English well is very important. 在表示比较抽象的一般的行为和动作时,二者可以互换。如: To climb mountains is a good form of exercise. Climbing mountains is a good form of exercise. 二、动名词、现在分词和动词不定式都可以作定语 1.动名词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,只表示被修饰名词的一般用途,必须位于名词之前。如: There is a swimming pool in our school. 2.现在分词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示所修饰名词的特征。如: Listen to the singing bird. Who is the boy running towards us。 3.动词不定式作定语时,当所修饰的名词指人时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如: He is always the first to come to school. 当所修饰的名词指物时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。如: I have a meeting to attend. 如果作定语的动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词,需加上相应的介词。如:
Part Ⅱ Using language——动词不定式作定语和结果状语
Part ⅡUsing language——动词不定式作定语和结果状语【思维导图】 一、基本特征感悟 【感悟用法】 ①That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. ②He studied hard only to fail. 【自我总结】 句①中的to play是不定式，作game的定语。句②中的to fail 是不定式，作结果状语。 二、主要用法精讲 1.动词不定式作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。 There is nothing to worry about.没什么可担心的。 The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers. 筹集资金最好的方式是卖报纸。 (2)如果不定式动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，并且该动词是不及物动词，则需要加上适当的介词或副词使动宾关系成立。 When you move somewhere new，the first thing for you is to find a place to live in.当你搬到一个新的地方时，首先要找一个住处。 2.动词不定式作结果状语 (1)动词不定式表示结果时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。结果状语常常只限于learn(得知)，find(发现)，see，hear，to be told(被告知)，make(使得)等具有界限含义的动词。 He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.
初中动词不定式用法及练习
动词不定式用法及练习 动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 构成：to do .否定式not to do 常见时态：一般时to do 进行时to be doing 完成式to have done 完成进行式to have been doing 三、动词不定式在句子中的成分 1、作句子的主语：现实中常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）后置。 比较下列句子To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends . To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye. To chat with Miss White is a pleasant thing.=It is a pleasant thing to chat with Miss White. To walk to school takes me ten minutes.=It takes me ten minutes to walk to school. 句型总结 It is + adj. + of sb. to do…= sb. is\are +adj. +to do…在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况。（可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等） It is very kind of you to help me. It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that. It is + adj. + for sb. to do…≠ sb. is\are +adj. +to do…如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。 It is necessary for us to study hard. It is easy for him to speak English. 2、作句子的表语：不定式放在be 动词后面，用作表语如： Her dream is to be a policeman. My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom. My dream is to own a robot. The doctor’s suggestion is to take more exercise. The best way is to talk to your parents. His plan is to travel to Beijing this summer. My purpose is to help you solve this problem. 3、作句子的宾语：不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）很多，常见的有want, like, hate, wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect, remember, forget, plan, decide, would like, need, choose, agree, promise, refuse, set out, manage, pretend, I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. They began to read and write. She forgot to close the door. He wanted to borrow my CD player. I hope to speak English well. The workers demanded to get better pay. I hope to hear from you soon. John doesn’t want to be the host of the charity show. They are trying to solve the problem by himself. Millions of people have learned to use computers.
不定式做宾补与后置定语的区别
动词不定式作宾补 动词不定式既有动词的性质，又有名词的性质。它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语。动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语、同位语等：动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语，常用的“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中。不定式作宾语补足语的有以下八种类型：(下列句子中划线部分作宾语补足语) 一、许多动词可跟一个“宾语+ to do…”构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语；否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do…”。例如： My boss told me to type out two letters. 分析：句中“My boss”做主语，“told”作谓语，“me”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。 They forbade her to leave the country. Please remind me not to be late for the meeting. 高中范围内，适用于“动词+宾语+(not)to do…”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn等。 二、有些动词可跟“宾语+to be…”构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如： I consider him to be the best candidate. 分析：句中“I”做主语，“consider”作谓语，“him”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。 I know him to be a liar. I suppose him to be away from home. 高中范围内，适用于“动词+宾语+to be…”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：consider，declare，discover，feel，find，suppose等。 三、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如： He saw her enter the room. 分析：句中“He”做主语，“saw”作谓语，“her”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。 She won't let me do it. I heard her lock the door. We watched the children play games. 高中范围内，适用于“动词+宾语+do…”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel，have，hear，let，make，notice，observe，see，watch等。还有两个词组：listen to，look at. 注意:这类句子变为被动结构时，不定式前加to。请看下列句子，句中划线部分作宾语补足语。例如： A child was seen to enter the building. She was often heard to sing this song. 四、help后的不定式可加to，也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多)，但被动结构中要加to。例如： I'll help you(to) push the cart. 分析：句中“I”做主语，“will help”作谓语，“you”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。
动词不定式用法讲解
动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for 引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语： 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door. 别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？
动词不定式(基础讲解)
动词不定式 【概念引入】 1. 动词不定式名言： （1）动词不定式作表语 To lose is to learn. 失败就是学习。 （2）动词不定式作主语 It is better to give than to take. 给予比接受更好。 （3）不定式作宾语 Expect to be treated as you have treated others. 你怎样待别人，就指望别人怎样待你。 （4）不定式作宾补 Adversity causes some men to break，others to break records. 逆境使一些人崩溃，也使一些人破记录。 （5）不定式作定语 There is a time to talk and a time to act. 该说的时候说，该做的时候做。 （6）不定式作目的状语 To find the exact answer，one must first ask the exact question. 要找到确切的答案，首先必须提出确切的问题。 2. 动词不定式定义： 动词不定式是一种非谓语形式（不能作谓语），基本形式是to do形式(to是不定式符号的标志，无意义，可以不翻译) 肯定式：to + 动词原形 否定式：not to + 动词原形 【用法讲解】 1.动词不定式的特征 动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 2. 动词不定式在句子中的作用 动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 （1）动词不定式作主语。例如： To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。 To teach English is my favorite. 教英语是我的爱好。 It's my pleasure to help you. 很乐意帮助你。 （2）动词不定式作宾语。 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask等。例如： I like to help others if I can. 如果有可能的话，我喜欢帮助别人。 I want to buy a new car when I have enough money. 我有钱时想买一辆新车。
不定式作定语一例
不定式作定语一例 a)不定式作定语通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。 不定式常作下列的名词定语：attempt, ability, anything, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, tendency, time, way等。 【例如】 I have no intention to go to the cinema with you. There is no need to bother him with such trifles. There is a tendency to write quite long sentences in commercial correspondence. The pressure_______ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also put them under a constant emotional strain. (CET-4 1996) A) to compete B) competing C) to be competed D) competed 析：pressure后面应接后置定语，表示竞争的压力。单个分词作定语一般置于名词前，故B 和D可以排除。C为不定式的被动式，而竞争和压力之间没有被动关系，因此正确答案为A。 注意1： 在不定式与其修饰的名词有动宾关系时，要根据句子的需要在不定式后加适当的介词，这个介词的选用取决于被修饰的名词或不定式本身的要求。 【例如】 She is a very nice person to work with. This is an important issue to talk about. b)由only, last, next, 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。 【例如】 Mr. Zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office and the last man to leave. I don't think he is the best one to do the work. 注意2： 不带to的不定式在下列词组后面的不定式不带to：would rather ……than(宁愿……也不), had better……(最好)，can't help but……(不得不), had rather……(宁愿)，cannot but……(不得不，必然)，may/might as well……(不妨)，let alone(更不用说)。 【例如】 You'd better return the books to the library on time. Otherwise, you will be fined. I can't help but wish that nothing would go wrong. They had never seen such delicious food, let alone eat it. （一体化教学案） 5. tendency n. 1. 倾向；趋势 罪犯使用枪械的趋势在上升。 There is an increasing tendency _____________ the use of firearms by criminals. 在家里而不是在办公室工作的趋势日益增长。 There is a growing tendency ____ _______ at home instead of in offices. have a tendency to [towards] sth. __________________________ have a tendency to do sth. _____________________________ 2. Carrie is a nice girl but she has a _______ to ______ too much. A. tend ; talk B. tendency ; talk C. tendency ; talking D. tend ; talking
动词不定式作后置定语
Lesson 15 Danny grows grain! Learning aims: 1. Read the words: agriculture, grain, flour, in the sun 2. Language notes: ① I have a lot of to write about today. ② Now something new is growing at the top of the stem. ③ Later, the head will turn into wheat seeds. Learning important and difficult points: 1. 动词不定式作后置定语 I have nothing to say. 2. 不定代词作主语要用第三人称单数 3. turn…into /change into turn into/change into Learning method: Listen, say, read and write. Learn text. Read the diary. And find out the useful expression: 1. My teacher told me that it’s the wheat’s flower. 当询问过去时时，从句用过去范围内相应的时态，但陈述的是真理、事实时，用一般现在时。 2. Its seeds are called grain. be + done Learning steps: Step 1. Reading Read the diary. Step 2. Do exercises Step 3. Homework Recite the diary. Lesson 16 Unit Review
不定式做定语讲解
不定式做定语讲解 ①不定式作定语,修饰the first,the lost,the third,中心词为不定式的执行者时用to do sth（主动式）,中心词为不定式承受者时用to be done（被动式. He was the man to think of the plan to plant trees. The newspaper reporter was the last to walk out of the cave. They found the last child to be injured in the accident. This is the third question to be discussed. ②中心词是由动词派生的名词,原动词＋不定式作宾语,wish, decision, refusal, arrangement, intention, agreement, hope, need, plan, promise, failure ,attempt They made a decision to put off the meeting until next week. He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall. He made a promise to be a good boy. There is no need to build a dam on the small river. ③中心词是由形容词派生来的,原形容词常用不定式作状语,ability, eagerness, anxiety, patience, willingness. A good teacher must have the ability to make himself understood. ④名词本身是抽象名词，不定式解释其中的内容，chance，plan ,means , courage, efforts, measures, movement, opportunity, power, reason, right ,skill, strength, struggle, idea ,way 这时，不定式可以换成of + doing。 In our country,everyone has the right to go to school. He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting. He thought of an idea to catch the smoke. ⑤中心词是不定式的执行者,动词不定式应后于谓语或在未来发生. He had no photographs to remind him of the past. We are in need of nurses to look after the patients. Is there anybody to carry on the work? ⑥中心词是不定式的承受者,不定式应该是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语, 不定式通常不能带宾语.不定式的执行者是句子的主语,间接宾语或泛指的人,用主动式to do,强调不定式另有一个执行者,用被动式to be done. I have a letter to post ,so I can’t go to swim with you. I have a letter to be posted . Can you help me? “Do you have any clothes to be washed?” asked the maid . She has a lot of things to attend to . Is this something to be ashamed of .