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满分150）2018.11 第Ⅰ卷（共70分）Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary（20%）Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;

for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In most industrialized countries about 118 boys are born for every 100 girls, for a ratio of 1.18, known as the secondary sex ratio, or SSR; the primary sex ratio is the ratio at conception. This is often expressed as the percentage of boys among all births, or about 51.2 percent. The percentage of males among all births is not fixed, however. Since the 1950s and 1960s the overall SSR 25 (decline) in the U.S., Canada and several European countries, there are also both personal and environmental factors that affect the average sex ratio. 26 chance of having a boy appears 27 (decline)with the mother's age, the father's age and the number

of children the family already has. These effects are small. One study in Denmark found that the SSR of children born to fathers younger than 25 was 51.6 percent, which decreased 28 51.0 percent among children of fathers at least 40 years of age. Therefore it is unlikely that the declining SSR in many countries

results solely from large-scale changes in such personal factors. With regard to environmental factors, improved prenatal and obstetrical care during the first part of the 20th century is largely responsible for an 29 (increase) SSR over this period in many countries. The male fetus is more susceptible to loss in the womb than is the female fetus, so with more conceptions reaching term, proportionally more males are born. It is difficult to discern how much of the decrease in sex ratio since the 1950s arises from contaminants in the environment. What is known is that drug use, high occupational exposures and environmental accidents 30 affect SSR. For example, hopeful mothers 31

(take) clomiphene citrate (Clomid) for infertility bore babies with an SSR of only 48.5 percent. Workers producing 1,2-dibromo-

3-chloropropane (DBCP), a chemical used to kill worms in agriculture, experienced even larger decreases in the number of male babies. Effects of DBCP on sperm quality 32 (discover) incidentally when male workers found that they were unable to father children. After the exposure ended, male workers experienced some recovery of sperm quality and 36 children were born to 44 workers. Of these 36 children only 10 were boys--an SSR

of just 27.8 percent. These dramatic changes resulting from extreme exposures raise the concern that chemicals in the

environment at 33 (low) concentrations may also change the SSR by exposing people over longer periods of time. For example, there are reports that parental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mercury, each of which is widely distributed in the environment, can affect the sex ratio. 34 (confirm) such effects will take careful work on large populations, but the results may be quite important. Section B（8%）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accompanying B. add C. adolescents D. emphasizing AB. experience AC. generally AD. granted BC. limited BD. oriented CD. regularly ABC. scene Wandering around art galleries and museums will be a regular feature of school life, thanks to a curriculum reform package aimed at broadening young minds. Teachers will soon be 35 students into venues where they will be exposed to the arts, said Shanghai vice mayor Weng Tiehui at a meeting with local political advisers yesterday. “Shanghai has been 36 artistic education and requiring students to have at least one artistic skill before graduating from high school,” Weng said at the fourth session of the th12Shanghai Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.“We plan to 37 watching dramas or seeing exhibitions to curricula, such as

Chinese, art and music courses. We will take students into artistic venues.”“We hope that our children will enjoy visiting t heaters, galleries and museums after work to make their life more colorful when they grow up,” she added.

“Most theaters for 38 are empty on weekdays, which means our schools have not made good use of them,” said Cai Jinping, a political adviser and director of the Children’s Theater of China Welfare Institute. ”Artistic education sh ould not be 39 to music or art classes in schools,” Cai said. “We have to bring children into professional venues to 40 the complete presentation of real and elegant arts in person.” Wang Yang, principal of Caoyang No 2 High School, welcomed the plan, saying that Chinese students do not enjoy the same standard of arts 41 extracurricular activities that are taken for 42 in western countries. “It’s important to cultivate artistic tastes in our children when they are young. Listening to a concert when being taught about a musician, or seeing an exhibition after learning about the artist, would be really helpful in understanding the arts,” he told Shanghai Daily. “But most students focus on lessons at school and only some who are members of student artistic groups have the opportunity to visit artistic venues 43 .” He said that some parents bring children to concerts or exhibitions on

weekends, but not every family can afford it. “Visit s to galleries and theaters are cheaper when they are organized by schools,” Wang said, adding that the government could help to improve Shanghai’s cultural 44 by building new arts venues. Reading Comprehension（45%） Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. While on summer break in 2018, Jack Andraka made a breakthrough in cancer detection that had eluded medical experts. The boy from Maryland was 15. Using information he found on Google and Wikipedia, the boy 45 an idea for diagnostic test for pancreatic cancer(胰岛腺). The test, he says, is 168 times 46 , 400 times more sensitive and 26,000 times more economical than the medical 47 . Currently, to screen the blood of a patient 48 for pancreatic cancer, doctors must

send vials to a lab, where blood 49 are tested for increased levels of a biomarker. Cancer researchers and doctors say that these tests, which are 60 years old, often don’t show any abnormalities even when the cancer is 50 . Andraka’s test provides an answer on the spot in five minutes with what he estimates is close to 100 percent 51 . It involves dipping filter

paper in a solution which detects a(n) 52 protein. 53 the blood contains the biomarker, it changes the paper’s electrical potential, which can be 54 with an ohmmeter. The now 17-year-old first got the idea for the project at age 13 when a family friend “who was like an uncle” to him died from the disease, one of the deadliest types of cancer. The whiz kid, who became interested in science at an early age and spends much of his time in the lab, 55 help from scientists and began to carry out one experiment after another to eventually 56 . Len Lichtenfeld, a medical expert at the American Cancer Society, 57 Andraka’s work as an “incredible accomplishment.” In 2018, Andraka was awarded the $75,000 grand prize in the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his work. Since then, he has become a(n) 58 in scientific circles and has travelled around the world to give TED talks. While the test isn’t available commercially yet, Andraka is working with several companies to continue to test and 59 the product in the hope that it can be sold over- the-counter in the future. 45.A.caught up with B. came up with C. looked forward to D. gave up on 46.A.clearer B. earlier C. faster D. slower 47.A.format B. frame C. level D. standard 48.A.at cost B. at risk C. in shadow D. in trouble 49.A.case B. example C. sample D. symbol 50.A.advanced B. awaited C. suffered D. sensed 51.A.accuracy B. clarity C. definition

D. distinction 52.A.especial B. exact C. special D. specific

53.A.Although B. Because C. If D. When 54.A.calculated B. checked

C. estimated

D. measured

55.A.chased B. hunted C. searched D. sought 56.A.break through B. set out C. stand out D. take up 57.A.broasted B. emphasized C. overstated D. praised 58.A.celebrity B. expert C. pioneer D. superior 59.A.exploit B. evolve C. improve D. promote Section B Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become "better" people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don't go. But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don't fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation

in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Other find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out—often encouraged by college administrators. Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves—they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn't explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can't absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either. Some adventuresome educators and watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems,

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2018届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--阅读理解B篇(带答案精确校对)

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上海市进才中学2020届高三下学期3月月考 英语试题 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Grammar and Vocabulary Universities Show “ Red Card” to English Majors An increasing number of Chinese universities are showing English the “red card” and sending it off the academic playing field. Just last month, five more universities announced that they would no longer offer English as a major, _____1_____ CET-4 (大学英语四级考试) will still be required for graduation. At first sight, it may appear that these universities are downgrading the importance of learning English. In actual fact, they are responding to the economic reality _____2_____English majors do not have good job prospects after graduation. And the same holds true for graduates in other Arts majors. According to MyCOS, the Beijing-based education research group, English graduates, along with those in history, literature and law, have _____3_____(low) starting salaries and lowest employment rate. Engineering, economics and science graduates have better job prospects and make twice as much money, with IT graduates ____4____ (make) the most. In _____5_____ 1980s, the Chinese government made the study of English a priority as part of its reform and opening-up policy. English majors were in high demand in business and in government because people with good English-language skills were so rare. Today, about 350 million Chinese have studied, or are studying, English. Ten million of them _____6_____ (consider) functionally bilingual. So, when an employer looks at a graduate’s résumé , it is assumed that he or she has good English skills. However, for those of you who truly love English, you should not be discouraged. The demand for English teachers is still high at all levels of education, _____7_____in public schools and in private institutions. Zhang Lu is probably familiar to most of you as the elegant young woman _____8_____ (see) standing or sitting slightly behind top government officials when they meet leaders from