考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之信息技术类

考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之信息技术类

阅读理解精选100篇---信息技术类

考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit31

Unit 31

Valeta Young, 81, a retiree from Lodi, Calif., suffers from congestive heart failure and requires almost constant monitoring. But she doesn't have to drive anywhere to get it. Twice a day she steps onto a special electronic scale, answers a few yes or no questions via push buttons on a small attached monitor and presses a button that sends the information to a nurse's station in San Antonio, Texas. "It's almost a direct link to my doctor," says Young, who describes herself as computer illiterate but says she has no problems using the equipment.

Young is not the only patient who is dealing with her doctor from a distance. Remote monitoring is a rapidly growing field in medical technology, with more than 25 firms competing to measure remotely--and transmit by phone, Internet or through the airwaves--everything from patients' heart rates to how often they cough.

Prompted both by the rise in health-care costs and the increasing computerization of health-care equipment, doctors are using remote monitoring to track a widening variety of chronic diseases. In March, St. Francis University in Pittsburgh, Pa., partnered with a company called BodyMedia on a study in which rural diabetes patients use wireless glucose meters and armband sensors to monitor their disease. And last fall, Yahoo began offering subscribers the ability to chart their asthma conditions online, using a PDA-size respiratory monitor that measures lung functions in real time and e-mails the data directly to doctors.

Such home monitoring, says Dr. George Dailey, a physician at the Scripps Clinic in San Diego, "could someday replace less productive ways that patients track changes in their heart rate, blood sugar, lipid levels, kidney functions and even vision."

Dr. Timothy Moore, executive vice president of Alere Medical, which produces the smart scales that Young and more than 10,000 other patients are using, says that almost any vital sign could, in theory, be monitored from home. But, he warns, that might not always make good medical sense. He advises against performing electrocardiograms remotely, for example, and although he acknowledges that remote monitoring of blood-sugar levels and diabetic ulcers on the skin may have real value, he points out that there are no truly independent studies that establish the

value of home testing for diabetes or asthma.

Such studies are needed because the technology is still in its infancy and medical experts are divided about its value. But on one thing they all agree: you should never rely on any remote testing system without clearing it with your doctor.

注（1）：本文选自Time；8/9/2004, p101-101, 1/2p, 2c；

注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 1；

1.How does Young monitor her health conditions?

[A] By stepping on an electronic scale.

[B] By answering a few yes or no questions.

[C] By using remote monitoring service.

[D] By establishing a direct link to her doctor.

2.Which of the following is not used in remote monitoring?

[A] car

[B] telephone

[C] Internet

[D] the airwaves

3.The word “prompted” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.

[A] made

[B] reminded

[C] aroused

[D] driven

4.Why is Dr. Timothy Moore against performing electrocardiograms remotely?

[A] Because it is a less productive way of monitoring.

[B] Because it doesn’t make good medical sense.

[C] Because it’s value h as not been proved by scientific study

[D] Because it is not allowed by doctors

5.Which of the following is true according to the text?

[A] Computer illiterate is advised not to use remote monitoring.

[B] The development of remote monitoring market is rather sluggish.

[C] Remote monitoring is mainly used to track chronic diseases.

[D] Medical experts agree on the value of remote monitoring.

答案：CADBC

篇章剖析

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了远程监护目前的发展状况，它的优势，相反的意见等。第一段以一位病人通过远程监护就医的例子引入话题。第二段介绍了远程监护市场的情况。第三段介绍了远程监护在医疗保健领域的应用。第四段引用医生的话说明这种监护方式的好处。第五段介绍反对的声音，最后一段得出结论：在没有得到医生的许可下，决不能依赖任何远程测试系统。

词汇注释

congestive[ ??????????] adj. 【医】充血的，充血性的

diabetes[ ????????????? ?????] n. [医] 糖尿病, 多尿症

glucose[ ?●◆???◆?] n. 葡萄糖

asthma[ ????] n. [医]哮喘

PDA n. Personal Digital Assistant 个人数字助理（又称掌上电脑）

respiratory[??????????????] adj. 呼吸的

lipid[ ●????] n. 脂质

electrocardiogram[?●??????????????????] n. .[医]心电图, 心动电流图(略作ECG)

ulcer[ ?●??] n. 溃疡

infancy[ ???????] n. 开始；初期

难句突破

1. And last fall, Yahoo began offering subscribers the ability to chart their asthma conditions online, using a PDA-size respiratory monitor that measures lung functions in real time and e-mails the data directly to doctors.

主体句式：Yahoo began offering subscribers the ability…

结构分析：这是一个复杂句，不定式短语to chart…作定语，修饰the ability，现在分词using及其后面的成分则在句中作方式状语，其中包含有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰measures。

句子译文：此外，雅虎在去年秋季也开始为用户提供了解他们哮喘情况的在线绘图服务，用户使用的是一个大小和掌上电脑差不多的呼吸监视器，它可以实时测量他们肺部功能并且直接将数据通过电子邮件发送给医生。

2. He advises against performing electrocardiograms remotely, for example, and although he acknowledges that remote monitoring of blood-sugar levels and diabetic ulcers on the skin may have real value, he points out that there are no truly independent studies that establish the value of home testing for diabetes or asthma.

主体句式：He advises…and he points out that…

结构分析：这个句子是一个复杂句，主体结构为并列句结构，在第二个并列分句里有一个although引导的让步状语从句，这个从句里还含有一个that引导的宾语从句，第二个并列分句里的宾语由宾语从句充当，这个从句里包含有一个that引导的定语从句。

句子译文：比如，他反对做远程心电图，虽然他承认远程监控血糖水平和糖尿病性皮肤溃疡也许会有实际价值，但他指出并没有真正独立的研究证实家庭测试糖尿病或者哮喘的价值。

题目分析

1.答案为C，属事实细节题。文中第一段讲Young在家中每天上两回电子称，通过电子秤上的一台小型监视器上的按钮回答一些答案为“是”或“否”的问题，然后再按一个按钮把信息送到德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥的一个护士台。第二段开头说，Young并不是远程就医的唯一病人，可见她是通过远程监护服务来监测自己的健康情况的。

2. 答案为A，属事实细节题。第一段提到Young的身体监护时说，“she doesn't have to drive anywhere to get it”。第二段提到各种测量数据是通过“phone, Internet or through the airwaves”传送的，可见汽车是不用于远程监护的。

3. 答案为D，属猜词题。根据上下文，“医疗保健成本的增加和医疗保健设备的不断计算机化”显然和医生们开始利用远程监护有着因果联系，所以“prompted”表示“促使”的意思，D项意义最为接近。arouse通常都表示“引起或者唤起某种情感”。

4. 答案为B，属事实细节题。文中第五段提到Dr. Timothy Moore时说，“他警告说，那种做法并不总是make

good medical sense。”接下来就举他反对performing electrocardiograms remotely为例。可见做远程心电图的医学价值不大。

5. 答案为C，属事实细节题。文章第二段第二行提到医生们正在利用远程监护监测 a widening variety of chronic diseases。可见远程监护主要是用于监测慢性疾病。这个答案也可以从文中提到的应用远程监测的充血性心力衰竭，糖尿病，哮喘等疾病推断出来。

参考译文

81岁高龄的瓦勒塔·扬是来自加利福尼亚劳地的退休老人，她身患充血性心力衰竭，需要长时间的监护。但她不必外出求医。每天她到一台电子秤上秤两回，通过电子秤上的一台小型监视器上的按钮回答一些答案为“是”或“否”的问题，然后再按一个按钮把信息送到德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥的一个护士台。“这跟直接同我的医生联系差不多，”扬说道。她说自己是个电脑盲，但用这台设备并没有问题。

扬并不是远程就医的唯一病人。远程监护是目前医学技术快速发展的一个领域，有超过25家公司正在竞争远程测量业务---并且通过电话，互联网或者电视广播来发送---包括病人心律，咳嗽频率在内的各种测量信息。

由于医疗保健成本的增加和医疗保健设备的不断计算机化，医生们目前正在运用远程监护来监测各种慢性疾病，而且监测范围也在不断扩大。三月，宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的圣弗朗西斯大学和一家名为“波递米达”（BodyMedia）的公司联合进行了一项研究，让居住在农村的糖尿病患者使用无线血糖仪和绑在胳膊上的传感器来监测他们的病情。此外，雅虎在去年秋季也开始为用户提供了解他们哮喘情况的在线绘图服务，用户使用的是一个大小和掌上电脑差不多的呼吸监视器，它可以实时测量他们肺部功能并且直接将数据通过电子邮件发送给医生。

圣迭戈斯克里普斯诊所的医生乔治·戴利说，这种家庭监测“将会取代那些效果略差的方法，让病人记录自己的心律，血糖，血脂水平，肾功能甚至视力方面的变化。”

阿勒尔医疗公司是生产扬和其他一万多位病人所使用的那种小型秤的企业。该公司的执行副总裁蒂莫西·莫尔医生认为，从理论上讲，任何重大病兆都可以在家里监测到。但是，他警告说，那种做法并不总是可行。比如，他反对做远程心电图，虽然他承认远程监控血糖水平和糖尿病性皮肤溃疡也许会有实际价值，但他指出并没有真正独立的研究证实家庭测试糖尿病或者哮喘的价值。

由于该技术尚处于初期，医学专家对其价值意见分歧，因而有必要进行这类研究。但医学专家都一致同

意：在没有得到医生的许可下，决不能依赖任何远程测试系统。

考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit32

Unit 32

Tennis hopeful Jamie Hunt, 16, felt he could not become a world-class junior player while attending a regular school. The international circuit has players on the road 50% of the time--and it's hard to focus on your backhand when you're worrying about being on time for homeroom. So last year Hunt, who hones his ground strokes at Elite TNT Tennis Academy in April Sound, Texas, enrolled for academics in the $9,750-a-year University of Miami Online High School (UMOHS), a virtual school that caters to athletes. "The online school gives me the flexibility I need," says Hunt. "The workload is the same, but I can do it anywhere. It's nicer to ask a question face-to-face with a teacher, but in some ways it prepares me better for college because I have to be more independent." A year ago, Hunt's world junior ranking was 886; now it's 108.

Virtual high schools, which allow students to take classes via PC, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative, particularly for on-the-go athletes. UMOHS has more than 400 students enrolled, 65% of whom are athletes. Accredited by the 100-year-old Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, UMOHS offers honors and advanced-placement classes. All course material is online, along with assignments and due dates. For help, says principal Howard Liebman, "a student may e-mail, instant message or call the teacher."

Dallas mom Lori Bannon turned to another online school, Laurel Springs in Ojai, Calif. Bannon, who has a medical degree from Harvard, didn't want to compromise the education of her daughter Lindsay, 13, an élite gymnast who spends eight hours a day in the gym. "Regular school was not an option," says Bannon, "but I wanted to make sure she could go back at grade level if she quit gymnastics." Laurel Springs' enrollment has increased 35% a year for the past four years, to 1,800 students. At least 25% are either athletes or child entertainers.

Educators are split on the merits of such schools. Paul Orehovec, an enrollment officer for the University of Miami, admits, "I was somewhat of a skeptic. But when I looked into their programs and accreditation, I was excited. UMOHS is the first online school to be granted membership in the National Honor Society." Kevin Roy, Elite's director of education, sees pitfalls and potential in virtual schools. "You will never have that wonderful teacher who inspires you for life," says Roy. "But the virtual school offers endless possibilities. I don't know where education's imagination will take this."

注（1）：本文选自Time；11/29/2004, p149-149, 1/2p, 1c；

注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 4第1、2题（1、2），text 1 第2 题（3），text 3第5 题（5）和2000年真题text 4第4题（4）；

1.What does Jamie Hunt get from the virtual school?

[A] the ability to perfect his tennis skills

[B] the time to do his school work

[C] the flexibility to finish the workload anywhere

[D] the independence he needs to be a good tennis player

2.We can learn from the text that virtual high schools ___________.

[A] make it possible for athletes to receive training without delaying their school work

[B] have gained ground as a major education form

[C] are cheaper than real schools

[D] prepare students better for colleges

3.Which of the following is not a practice in a virtual school?

[A] Visiting a homeroom on time.

[B] E-mailing teachers for questions.

[C] Getting course materials online.

[D] Taking classes via a PC.

4.Lori Bannon turned to online school because____________.

[A] virtual school has more athlete students

[B] virtual school offers better education

[C] her daughter is an elite gymnast

[D] regular school can not meet her daughter’s condition

5.To which of the following is the author likely to agree?

[A] The education provided by virtual schools is yet to be recognized by authorities.

[B] Educators are divided as to whether students should take virtual schools.

[C] Despite the defects, virtual schools show great potentials.

[D] Regular schools will be replaced by virtual schools sooner or later.

答案：CAADC

篇章剖析

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了网上虚拟学校的发展状况。第一段以网坛小将Jamie Hunt的例子引出虚拟学校这个话题。第二段介绍了虚拟学校的特点以及迈阿密大学网上中学。第三段介绍了另外一个到虚拟学校求学的例子。最后一段介绍了人们对虚拟学校的看法。

词汇注释

hopeful [ ??◆??◆●] n. 有希望成功的人；一个渴望成功或显示出成功的希望的人

circuit[ ??????] n. 联盟，运动队协会、俱乐部或比赛场地之间的联合组织

backhand[ ????????] n. 〈网球〉反手击球，反手抽击

homeroom[?????????] n. 年级教室；一群同级学生每天汇报情况的学校教室

hone[??◆?] v. 磨练，训练使完美

ground stroke n. 击触地球

virtual[ ???????●] adj. 虚拟的

cater to v. phr. 迎合

on-the-go adj. 忙碌的

accredit [????????] v. 承认资格

advanced-placement n. 大学预科班

pitfall[ ??????●] n. 缺陷

难句突破

So last year Hunt, who hones his ground strokes at Elite TNT Tennis Academy in April Sound, Texas, enrolled for academics in the $9,750-a-year University of Miami Online High School (UMOHS), a virtual school that caters to athletes.

主体句式：Hunt enrolled in the school

结构分析：这是一个复杂句，主语Hunt带有一个who引导的非限定性定语从句，此外句中还有一个同位语，说明UMOHS的特点。

句子译文：所以去年亨特注册成为专为运动员开办的迈阿密大学网上中学（UMOHS）的学生，每年学费为9750美元，目前他正在位于德克萨斯州艾波桑德县（April Sound）的“TNT精英网球学院”苦练击触地球技术。

题目分析

1. 答案为C，属事实细节题。可以从第一段第六行Hunt自己的话“The online school gives me the flexibility I need…The work load is the same, but I can do it anywhere”里得知。

2. 答案为A，属推理判断题。根据第一段提到的虚拟学校的灵活性以及Hunt学习成绩的进步，以及第二段提到的它已经成为an increasingly popular education alternative, particularly for on-the-go athletes可以看出，这种学校可以让运动员既可以接受训练又不至于耽误功课。

3. 答案为A，属事实细节题。根据第一段第三行it's hard to focus on your backhand when you're worrying about being on time for homeroom可知学生按时到年级教室是传统学校的一种做法。第二段介绍虚拟学校的时候有这样的描述：“所有的课程材料和课堂作业以及完成日期等信息都登在网上。如果需要帮助的话，该校校长霍华德·利伯曼说：‘学生可以通过发电子邮件，发短信或者打电话和老师联系。’”

4. 答案为D，属事实细节题。根据上下文，Bannon的女儿每天要训练八小时，她又想让女儿的功课跟得上，就无法考虑上普通学校了。可见普通学校无法满足她女儿的条件。

5. 答案为C，属推理判断题。文章最后一段说一位教务处长既看到了虚拟学校的不足，也看到了它们的潜力。并引用他的话说：“虚拟学校却提供了无限可能性。”可见虚拟学校虽然有缺陷，但仍然有着巨大的潜力。

参考译文

16岁的网坛小将杰米·亨特认为他如果就读普通学校，他就不可能成为世界级的青年运动员。参加国际联盟的运动员50%的时间都在路上---如果你担心自己不能准时出现在年级教室的话，你就很难把注意力集中在反手击球上。所以去年亨特注册成为专为运动员开办的迈阿密大学网上中学（UMOHS）的学生，每年学费为9750美元，目前他正在位于德克萨斯州艾波桑德县（April Sound）的“TNT精英网球学院”苦练击触地球技术。“这个网上学校使我可以根据需要灵活安排学习时间，”亨特说道。“学习任务不变，但我可以在任何地方学习。当面问老师问题当然好，但网上学校可以让我在某些方面更好地为上大学做准备，因为我必须更加独立。”一年前，亨特在国际青少年运动员排名中位列886位，现在已经升至108位。

虚拟中学允许学生通过个人电脑上课，现在它正在成为越来越受欢迎的教育选择，对于那些忙碌的运动

员来说尤其适合。迈阿密大学网上中学已经有400多名注册学生，其中65%都是运动员。该校得到了有着百年历史的南部院校协会的授权，可以授予学位，并且开办大学预科班。所有的课程材料和课堂作业以及完成日期等信息都登在网上。如果需要帮助的话，该校校长霍华德·利伯曼说：“学生可以通过发电子邮件，发短信或者打电话和老师联系。”

达拉斯的洛丽·班农是一位母亲，她找到了另外一家网上学校，位于加利福尼亚州奥吉的劳雷尔·斯普林斯学校。班农毕业于哈佛大学医学院，她的女儿林赛今年13岁，是一个出色的体操运动员，每天都要在体育馆训练八小时。她不想耽误女儿的教育。“普通学校不合适，”班农说，“但我想确保她退役后学习还能跟得上。”劳雷尔·斯普林斯学校的注册人数在过去四年以每年35%的速度增长，已经达到了1800人。其中至少有25%的学生要么是运动员，要么是儿童演员。

教育专家对这种学校的价值有不同得看法。保罗·奥赫维克是迈阿密大学负责注册的关于，他承认，“我曾经心存疑虑。但是当我看了他们的教学计划和鉴定书之后，我感到十分振奋。迈阿密大学网上中学是第一个成为‘全国优等生联合会会员’的网上学校。”精英学校的教务长凯文·罗伊既看到了虚拟学校的不足，也看到了它们的潜力。“你不会碰到影响你一生的好老师，”罗伊说。“但虚拟学校却提供了无限可能性。我不知道教育的想象力会把这种可能性发挥到什么地步。”

考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit33

Unit 33

Muffin Man has more than 2,000 songs on his hard drive, and he's happy to share them. He's a big fan of bands like Pearl Jam and the White Stripes, so there's plenty of hard rock in his collection.

But chances are you'll never get to it. The 21-year-old pizza cook, who asked to be identified by his online nickname, makes his songs available only through private file-sharing networks known as darknets. Unlike such public networks as Kazaa or Morpheus, which let you share songs with anyone, private networks operate more like underground nightclubs or secret societies. To gain access, you need to know the name of the group and a password. And the only way to get that information is from another member who invites you in. Some darknets even encrypt files and mask your identity within a group to keep eavesdroppers from finding out who you are and what you are sharing.

It's a handy invention now that the recording industry has taken to suing kids who share music online. But darknets are not just for digital music files. Carving out a bit of privacy online has wide appeal; students, community

groups and even political dissidents can use these hidden networks to share projects, papers and information. One part of the allure is anonymity; the other is exclusivity. Since participation is limited, file searches don't turn up a lot of junk or pornography. Darknets offer the convenience of the Web without a lot of the bad stuff.

You need special software to start a darknet of your own. The two most popular programs are Direct Connect by NeoModus (at https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e518244839.html,) and an open-source variation of it called DC++, available at https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e518244839.html,. More than 800,000 copies of DC++ have been downloaded since mid-July. A third program, called Waste (also at https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e518244839.html,), automatically encrypts files but is much harder to use.

There are no good estimates of how many people use darknets. Lowtec, a college sophomore studying computer engineering, figures that 10% of the students at his school (which he declined to name) share files through Direct Connect. "It's much faster than Kazaa," he says. That's because private networks typically link small, close-knit communities in which all members have superfast connections.

The recording industry so far hasn't put much effort into combatting the secret networks, but its neglect might not last long. If networks like Kazaa become too risky, darknets could quickly rise to take their place. And if that happens, the music industry could find itself chasing users who are that much harder to catch.

注（1）：本文选自Time；9/29/2003, p78-78, 2/3p, 1c；

注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象2002年真题text 4第1、2题（1，2），text 2第2 题（3）和text 3第4、5题（4，5）；

1.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that__________.

[A] Muffin Man’s songs will be available if you know his online nickname

[B] Outsiders can not visit darknets without the invitation from a member

[C] Kazaa is to darknets what police is to underground world

[D] It’s impossible for people to find out your true identity on the darknets

2.Which of the following statements is true according to the text?

[A] Darknets are being accused by the recording industry of allowing kids to share music online.

[B] People use darknets to share music mainly.

[C] One advantage of darknets is that people can avoid reading unwanted information.

[D] Users of private networks are mostly students.

3.The word “allure” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means____________.

[A] advantage

[B] achievement

[C] feature

[D] appeal

4.We can draw a conclusion from the text that ___________.

[A] darknets may become a headache of the music industry

[B] the age of darknets is within reach

[C] darknets may excel Kazaa in the number of its users very soon

[D] the music industry will lose the battle against darknets

5.From the text we can see that the write seems__________.

[A] positive

[B] negative

[C] doubtful

[D] uncertain

答案：BCDAA

篇章剖析

本篇文章是一篇说明文，介绍了一种名为“地下网络”的私人文件共享网络。文章第一段介绍了在这种网络中活动的一位典型的用户。第二段介绍了这种地下网络的特点。第三段说明地下网络受人欢迎的原因。第四段说明如何创立自己的地下网络。第五段介绍了目前使用地下网络的情况。最后一段得出结论：这种网络有可能崛起并取代现有的一些共享音乐的公共网络。

词汇注释

encrypt[????????] v. [计] 加密,将...译成密码

eavesdropper[??????????????] n. 偷听者

dissident[ ????????] n. 持不同政见者

allure[??●?◆?] n. 诱惑力

anonymity[ ??????????] n. 匿名

exclusivity[ ????●◆????????] n. 排外(主义); 排他性[主义](尤指搞宗派, 拉山头, 或闭关自守) pornography[???????????] n. 色情资料

难句突破

Some darknets even encrypt files and mask your identity within a group to keep eavesdroppers from finding out who you are and what you are sharing.

主体句式：some darknets encrypt files and mask your identity.

结构分析：本句是个复杂句，介词短语within a group作方位状语，不定式短语做目的状语，在这个短语中有一个who和what引导的并列宾语从句作介词from的宾语。

句子译文：一些地下网络甚至在组织内部还要对文件进行加密，并且对你的身份进行伪装，以防好事之徒发现的身份以及你所共享的内容。

题目分析

1. 答案为B，属事实细节题。根据文章第二段，“要想进入这样的网络，你需要知道该组织的名称以及密码。而唯有获得一位组织成员的邀请，你才能得到那些信息。”可以看出，外人要访问这些网络必须获得网络成员的邀请。

2. 答案为C，属事实细节题。文章第三段提到由于参与人数有限，文件搜索不会带来很多垃圾文件或者色情文件。继而总结darknets的好处是：既提供了网络的便利，又摆脱了网络的糟粕。所以避免读到讨厌的信息时darknets的一大优势。

3. 答案为D，属猜词题。根据上文，第三段是分析darknets为何受人欢迎。其中提到了“在网上留出隐私空间has wide appeal”，接着又探讨其他原因，一个是匿名性，一个是排外性，这都是the allure的一部分，可见allure的意思应该和appeal相近或着相同。

4. 答案为A，属推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，作者假定如果音乐行业要起诉那些共享音乐的网络，公共网络可能由此停办，darknets将迅速崛起并取而代之，而音乐行业会发现他们追查的用户要难捉得多。可见darknets有可能成为令音乐行业头痛的事情。

5. 答案为A，属推理判断题。根据文章的材料选择，基本上没有负面的材料，而且第三段在介绍darknets为何吸引人的时候，作者还讲到了这种私人网络“既提供了网络的便利，又摆脱了网络的糟粕”的优势。在结尾，作者说如果可以共享音乐的公共网络倒下，这种darknets就会迅速崛起并取而代之。可见作者对这种网络所持的是一种肯定的态度。

参考译文

“松糕人”的硬盘上存有2000多首歌曲，他很乐意和他人共享这些歌曲。因为痴迷“珍珠果酱”以及“白色条纹”等乐队的音乐，他的收藏中有很多硬摇滚音乐。

不过很可能你永远也无法分享他的音乐收藏。这位21岁的比萨饼厨师要求只披露他的网名。他的歌曲只能通过一些所谓“地下网络”的私人文件共享网络获得。与“卡泽”（Kazaa）或者“摩尔普斯”（Morpheus）等允许所有人共享音乐的公共网络不同，私人网络的运作方法更像是地下夜总会或者秘密组织。要想进入这样的网络，你需要知道该组织的名称以及密码。而唯有获得一位组织成员的邀请，你才能得到那些信息。一些地下网络甚至在组织内部还要对文件进行加密，并且对你的身份进行伪装，以防好事之徒发你的身份以及你所共享的内容。

由于唱片业现在开始起诉那些在网上共享音乐的孩子，这项发明就显得十分便利。不过地下网络不仅仅用于共享数字音乐文件。在网上拥有一些隐私是极具吸引力的事情；学生，社会团体，甚至持不同政见者都能利用这些隐秘的网络来共享方案，论文和信息。匿名性是这类网络的一大诱人之处；另外就是排外性。因为参与人数有限，因而文件搜索不会带来很多垃圾文件或者色情文件。地下网络既提供了网络的便利，又摆脱了网络的糟粕。

你需要特殊的软件才能创立一个自己的地下网络。两个最受欢迎的程序是由“新方法”（NeoModus）公司（网站地址https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e518244839.html,）推出的“直接连接”（Direct Connect）和该程序的开放源码变本，即被称作DC++的程序，这两个程序都可以在https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e518244839.html,上找到。自从七月中旬以来，DC++的下载次数已经超过了800,000次。第三个程序叫做“浪费”（Waste）（也能在https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e518244839.html,上找到），它能够自动给文件加密，但用起来比较困难。

很难估计到底有多少人在使用这些地下网络。“低技术”是一个计算机专业的大二学生，他认为他所在的学校（他拒绝说出该校名称）有10%的学生通过“直接连接”来共享文件。“它比卡泽要快得多，”他说。出现这种情况是因为私人网络连接的都是组织严密的小型社区，所有成员的网络连接速度都非常快的缘故。

目前唱片业还没有把太多精力花在打击秘密网络上来，但这种疏忽不会太久。如果像“卡泽”这样的网络面临太多的风险的话，那么地下网络就会迅速崛起取而代之。到那时候，音乐业会发现它们追查的用户要难捉得多。

考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit34

Unit 34

It is a devastating prospect. Terrorists electronically break into the computers that control the water supply of a large American city, open and close valves to contaminate the water with untreated sewage or toxic chemicals, and then release it in a devastating flood. As the emergency services struggle to respond, the terrorists strike again, shutting down the telephone network and electrical power grid with just a few mouse clicks. Businesses are paralysed, hospitals are overwhelmed and roads are gridlocked as people try to flee.

This kind of scenario is invoked by doom-mongers who insist that stepping up physical security since the September 11th attacks is not enough. Road-blocks and soldiers around power stations cannot prevent digital terrorism. "Until we secure our cyber-infrastructure, a few keystrokes and an Internet connection is all one needs to disable the economy and endanger lives," Lamar Smith, a Texas congressman, told a judiciary committee in February. He ended with his catchphrase: "A mouse can be just as dangerous as a bullet or a bomb." Is he right?

It is true that utility companies and other operators of critical infrastructure are increasingly connected to the Internet. But just because an electricity company's customers can pay their bills online, it does not necessarily follow that the company's critical control systems are vulnerable to attack. Control systems are usually kept entirely separate from other systems, for good reason. They tend to be obscure, old-fashioned systems that are incompatible with Internet technology anyhow. Even authorised users require specialist knowledge to operate them. And telecoms firms, hospitals and businesses usually have contingency plans to deal with power failures or flooding.

A simulation carried out in August by the United States Naval War College in conjunction with Gartner, a consultancy, concluded that an "electronic Pearl Harbour" attack on America's critical infrastructure could indeed cause serious disruption, but would first need five years of preparation and $200m of funding. There are far simpler and less costly ways to attack critical infrastructure, from hoax phone calls to truck bombs and hijacked airliners.

On September 18th Richard Clarke, America's cyber-security tsar, unveiled his long-awaited blueprint for securing critical infrastructure from digital attacks. It was a bit of a damp squib, making no firm recommendations

and proposing no new regulation or legislation. But its lily-livered approach might, in fact, be the right one. When a risk has been overstated, inaction may be the best policy.

It is difficult to avoid comparisons with the "millennium bug" and the predictions of widespread computer chaos arising from the change of date to the year 2000. Then, as now, the alarm was sounded by technology vendors and consultants, who stood to gain from scare-mongering. But Ross Anderson, a computer scientist at Cambridge University, prefers to draw an analogy with the environmental lobby. Like eco-warriors, he observes, those in the security industry--be they vendors trying to boost sales, academics chasing grants, or politicians looking for bigger budgets--have a built-in incentive to overstate the risks.

Economist; 10/26/2002, V ol. 365 Issue 8296, p19, 3/4p, 1c

注（1）：本文选自Economist；10/26/2002, p19, 3/4p, 1c；

注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象1999年真题text 2 (1，2，3，5)和2001年真题text 5第3题（4）；

1.We learn from the first paragraph that ____________.

[A] terrorists could plunge a large American city into chaos through electronic attack

[B] American people have no experience in dealing with terrorists

[C] the computer systems of utility companies are rather vulnerable

[D] the response of emergency services is far from satisfactory

2.Speaking of the doom-mongers, the author implies that_____________.

[A] their worries are quite reasonable

[B] their warnings should be taken seriously

[C] they exaggerate the threat utility companies are facing

[D] they are familiar with they way terrorists strike

3.In the view of Gartner consultant, ___________.

[A] terrorists may launch another “Pearl Harbor” attack

[B] terrorists have ample capital and time to prepare a stunning strike

[C] it is very costly and time-consuming to attack critical infrastructure

[D] it is unlikely that terrorists would resort to electronic means to attack critical infrastructure

4.“Lily-livered approach” (Line 4, Paragraph 5) probably means an approach

characterized by________.

[A] flexibility

[B] boldness

[C] cowardice

[D] conservatism

5.We learn from the last paragraph that__________.

[A] the computer industry suffered heavy loss due to the “millennium bug”

[B] doom-mongers care more about their own interests than national security

[C] computer scientists have better judgment than doom-mongers

[D] environmentalists are criticized for their efforts of protecting environment

答案：ACDCB

篇章剖析

本篇文章是一篇议论文，驳斥了恐怖分子会利用电子手段袭击公用事业公司和关键基础设施的观点。文章第一段是散布恐怖威胁论者所描绘的恐怖分子用电子手段进行恐怖袭击的场景。第二段介绍了他们所宣扬的观点。第三段反驳了对公用事业公司发动电子恐怖袭击的可能性。第四段以一次模拟演习的结论进一步佐证了恐怖分子不可能用电子手段对关键基础设施进行恐怖袭击的观点。第五段分析了散布恐怖威胁论的人的动机。

词汇注释

valve[ ?●?] n. 阀门

contaminate[ ???????????] v. 弄脏；污染

sewage[ ??◆??????] n. 下水道, 污水

paralyze[ ????●???] v. 使无力[无效]; 使不活动

gridlocked[ ????●???] adj. 交通拥堵的

scenario[?????????◆] n. 预料或期望的一系列事件的梗概或模式；场景

invoke[?????◆?] v. 借助求助于；使用或应用：

doom-monger n. 末世论者；散布恐怖威胁论的人

cyber-[ ?????] prefix. 网络的

infrastructure[ ????????????????] n. 基本设施

catchphrase[ ?????????] n. 标语；引为标语的短句；口头禅

utility[ ◆????●???] n. 公用事业

obscure[??????◆?] adj. 难懂的

incompatible[ ???????????●] adj. 不相容的, 矛盾的, 不能和谐共存的(with)

authorize[ ????????] v. 授权；批准；认可

contingency[ ????????????] n.

conjunction n. 意外，意外事故

consultancy[ ?????●?????] n. 顾问（工作）

disruption[??????????] n. 破坏

hoax[?????] n. 恶作剧；骗局

tsar[ ?????] n. 沙皇

squib[?????] n. 爆竹

millennium[???●?????] n. 千禧年

vendor[ ??????] n. 小贩, 叫卖

analogy[????●????] n. 类推；类比

难句突破

Like eco-warriors, he observes, those in the security industry--be they vendors trying to boost sales, academics chasing grants, or politicians looking for bigger budgets--have a built-in incentive to overstate the risks.

主体句式：those…have a built-in incentive

结构分析：本句虽然是个简单句，但由于里面有一个较长的插入语，而且这个插入语本身是一个省略了should 并采用倒装句式的虚拟条件句，所以整个句子理解起来有一定难度。

句子译文：他发现，就像那些环保卫士一样，从事安全工作的人---不论是想要促销产品的商人，还是渴望得到补助金的学者，抑或是期望更多预算的政客--- 都有一种内在的动机促使他们夸大危险。

题目分析

1. 答案为A，属推理判断题。文章一开头用了prospect一词，可见所描述的场景只是想象中未来可能发生的

情景。这一段描述了恐怖分子用电子手段发动对美国大城市的袭击后的混乱场景：企业瘫痪，医院爆满，道路堵塞等等。可见，如果这种袭击发生的话，美国的一座大城市就会陷入混乱。

2. 答案为C，属推理判断题。monger这个词本身就是一个贬义词，指一个持悲观论调，散布末世论的人。再看文章第三段，作者针对这种人散布的恐怖威胁论进行了分析，认为所谓公用事业公司的关键控制系统易受攻击的说法站不住脚。第四段座作者引用一次模拟演习的结论说，电子恐怖袭击可能造成巨大破坏，但袭击的成本非常高，耗时也非常长，有远比这简单有效的办法。在文章末尾，作者引用计算机专家的话“those (people) … overstate the risk”。可见，作者虽然也承认这种威胁有可能存在，但认为这些doom-mongers夸大了威胁的程度。

3. 答案为D，属推理判断题。文章第四段分析了电子恐怖袭击关键基础设施的说法站不住脚的另一个理由：通过模拟演习得出结论，这种袭击耗资巨大，耗时太长，恐怖分子完全可以采取更加简单有效成本低廉的袭击手段。可见，恐怖分子不太可能借助电子手段袭击关键基础设施的。

4. 答案为C，属猜词题。根据上下文，Richard Clarke针对如何保护关键基础设施免遭数字化袭击提出了人们期待已久的计划，但这个计划就好像一个受潮的爆竹，既没有给出坚决的建议，也没有提出新的规章或者法规。然后对作者对这种做法用“lily-livered”一词加以总结，显然只有“胆小”一词最为贴切。

5. 答案为B，属推理判断题。本文最后一段将现在的恐怖威胁论和“千年虫”恐慌加以对比，认为这种人为制造恐慌的做法只是为了让那些散布恐慌的人“stood to gain”。接着，作者引用一位专家的话，认为这些人，“不论是想要促销产品的商人，还是渴望得到补助金的学者，抑或是期望更多预算的政客--- 都有一种内在的动机促使他们夸大危险。”由此可见，散布恐怖威胁论的人与其说是关心国家安全，不如说是关心自己的利益。

参考译文

这是一幅毁灭性的景象。恐怖分子用电子手段闯入了控制一座美国大城市供水系统的电脑，他们把阀门打开又关上，用未经处理的污水或者有毒化学物质来污染水源，然后把水放出来，形成一股极具破坏力的洪水。当应急服务正忙于做出反应时，恐怖分子再次出击，只见他们轻点几下鼠标，就关闭了电话网和电网。一时间，商业陷入瘫痪，医院人满为患，人们争相逃离，道路拥堵不堪。

这种情景是那些散布恐怖威胁论的人描绘的场景。他们坚持认为911袭击之后仅采取实体安全措施是不够的。拦截道路，派兵把守电站都不能防止数字化恐怖主义。“除非我们对网络基础设施加以保护，否则只需要几个按键和一个互联网连接就能让经济陷入瘫痪并危及人们的生命，”德克萨斯州议员拉马尔·史密斯在二月份向一个司法委员会发言时如此说道。他用一句标语结束了自己的发言：“一个鼠标和一颗子弹或者炸弹一样危险。”他说得对吗？

的确，现在越来越多的公用事业公司和其它重要的基础设施运营商连接到互联网上。但那仅仅是为了让

一家电力公司的客户可以在网上支付帐单，它并不一定意味着这家公司的关键控制系统就容易受到攻击。出于安全的原因，控制系统通常都和其它系统完全分开。再说它们一般都是老式的复杂系统，和互联网技术并不兼容。即使是授权用户也需要有专业知识才能操作它们。而电信公司，医院和商业企业通常都有应急预案来应付停电或者洪水等突发事件。

八月，美国海军军事学院联合加特纳咨询公司进行了一次模拟演习，最后得出结论，对美国关键基础设施发动一次“电子化珍珠港”袭击的确能够带来严重破坏，但这样的袭击首先需要五年的准备时间以及2亿美元的资金。而袭击关键基础设施有远比这简单和廉价的方法，从恐吓电话到汽车炸弹以及劫持飞机等不一而足。

九月18日，负责美国网络安全事务的理查德·克拉克公布了人们期待已久的保护关键基础设施免遭数字化袭击的计划。不过它就像一个受潮了的爆竹，既没有给出坚决的建议，也没有提出新的规章或者法规。但实际上这种胆小的做法也许是正确的。如果某种危险被夸大，那么不采取行动也许就是上策。

人们难免会把它和“千年虫”以及由于把日期调整到2000年所引发的有关各地的电脑将陷入混乱的预言加以对比。当时的情况和现在一样，那些技术贩子和咨询师们发出警报，然后通过散布恐慌坐收渔利。不过剑桥大学的计算机科学家罗斯·安德森更倾向于将其与环境游说团体加以类比。他发现，就像那些环保卫士一样，从事安全工作的人---不论是想要促销产品的商人，还是渴望得到补助金的学者，抑或是期望更多预算的政客--- 都有一种内在的动机促使他们夸大危险。

考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit35

Unit 35

Assistants in record shops are used to receiving "humming queries": a customer comes into the store humming a song he wants, but cannot remember either the title or the artist. Knowledgeable staff are often able to name that tune and make a sale. Hummers, though, can be both off-key and off-track. Frequently, therefore, the cash register stays closed and the customer goes away disappointed. A new piece of software may change this. If Online Music Recognition and Searching (OMRAS) is successful, it will be possible to hum a half-remembered tune into a computer and get a match.

OMRAS, which has just been unveiled at the International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval, in Paris, is the brainchild of a group of researchers from the Universities of London, Indiana and Massachusetts. Music-recognition programs exist already, of course. Mobile-phone users, for instance, can dial into a system called

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—医学 Passage 18(Doctor-assisted Suicide：Is It Ever an Option?) Should doctor-assisted suicide ever be a legal option? It involves the extreme measure of taking the life of a terminally ill patient when the patient is in extreme pain and the chances for recovery appear to be none.Those who argue against assisted suicide do so by considering the roles of the patient，the doctor，and nature in these situations. Should the patient take an active role in assisted suicide? When a patient is terminally ill and in great pain，those who oppose assisted suicide say that it should not be up to that patient to decide what his or her fate will be.There are greater powers at work that determine when a person dies，for example，nature.Neither science nor personal preference should take precedence over these larger forces. What role should the doctor have? Doctors，when taking the Hippocratic oath，swear to preserve life at all costs，and it is their ethical and legal duty to follow both the spirit and the letter of this oath.It is their responsibilities to heal the sick，and in the cases when healing is not possible，then the doctor is obliged to make the dying person comfortable.Doctors are trained never to hasten death.Those who oppose assisted suicide believe that doctors who do help terminally ill patients die are committing a crime，and they should be dealt with accordingly.Doctors are also，by virtue of their humanness，capable of making mistakes.Doctors could quite possibly say，for instance，that a cancer patient was terminal，and then the illness could later turn out not to be so serious.There is always an element of doubt concerning the future outcome of human affairs. The third perspective to consider when thinking about assisted suicide is the role of nature.Life is precious.Many people believe that it is not up to human beings to decide when to end their own or another’s life.Only nature determines when it is the right time for a person to die.To assist someone in suicide is not only to break criminal laws，but to break divine 1aws as well. These general concerns of those who oppose assisted suicide are valid in certain contexts of the assisted suicide question.For instance，patients cannot always be certain of their medical conditions.Pain clouds judgment，and so the patient should not be the sole arbiter of her or his own destiny.Patients do not usually choose the course of their medical treatment，so they shouldn’t be held completely responsible for decisions related to it.Doctors are also fallible，and it is understandable that they would not want to make the final decision about when death should occur.Since doctors are trained to prolong life，they usually do not elect to take it by prescribing assisted suicide. I believe that blindly opposing assisted suicide does no one a service.If someone is dying of

1. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批 来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我 们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。【析句】句子的主干是The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences to tell us that...and that...。主系表容易辨认，to tell us作目的状语，两个并列的that引导tell的宾语从句。令整个 句子略显复杂的是插入语enlisted by the White House，割裂了这句话的整体性。 2. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。【析句】首先，句子的主干science does provide us...future and it is critical...。and连接两个并列的句子，前句是个简单句，容易理解；后句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，因为从句很长，若放在句首，句子则显得头重脚轻。that主语从句中，our nation and the world 是主语，base是谓语，important policies是宾语，on the best judgments 是宾语补足语，而judgments后有that引导的定语从句。注意，concerning the futrue...actions中的concerning此处是介词，意

考研英语长难句突破讲义 适用对象：考研学子，四级，六级英语学习或相当者。 课程目的：打破英语阅读学习的幻觉，真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户，人生从此再无长难句。为英语写作夯实基础。 课程安排：方法论讲解；难句解析；考试实战演练 第一部分方法论讲解 引子我们为什么要精读句子 1.精读能力的要求（消除障碍的阅读） 自由笔记区目标：准确【重要】精读 2．泛读能力的要求（广泛获取信息的阅读） 目标：快速 技能：高职 阅读的实际过程是什么知识：本科 Input（英文）-mind（句子层面）-output（中文）思维：研究生 思想：博士 阅读在句子层面的障碍 1．含义 2．语序 简单句的障碍来源 简单句：只有一套谓语的句子 基本句型包括：主+谓，主+谓+宾，主+谓+双宾，主+谓+宾+宾补，主+系+表 定语，状语，同位语，插入语 简单句的障碍识别及处理方法 定语：在句子中修饰名词的成分problem-定义-细化-solution（思维方式） 前置定语：adj+名词 后置定语： 形容词短语：形容词+介词+名词this is a book useful for your future Ving a woman walked on the road Ved a painting painted by Jane n. + to do a way to solve the problem 介词短语：介词+名词a bottle of water on the table 表语形容词：alive a cat alive 解决方案：前置P．S：I want to be part of something big. Something属于不定代词。 【不定代词定语置后】 定语从句（不属于简单句范畴） 关系代词：人称代词：who whom which that as +非完整句 引导词物主代词：whose +完整句

考研英语阅读真题及答案 英语阅读关于考研的在历年的真题中，有不少的精华等着大家去发掘。下面是给大家整理的考研英语阅读真题及答案，供大家参阅! 1991年考研英语阅读真题及答案解析Section II Reading Comprehension Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points) Text 1 A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn t hard to define. It means that every

考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类

考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类 unit1 unit1 Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007. Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience". Resilienc e has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by

UNIT SIX TEXT ONE Maintaining internal E-mail systems has long been the bane of the university information-technology director. Servers are unwieldy and unreliable, and in the past several years, the number of student complaints has grown exponentially as forward-moving providers like YahooMail, Hotmail, and Gmail have increased expectations of what E-mail should offer. The solution for a number of colleges has been to wave the white flag and outsource E-mail hosting to the experts. Microsoft, which owns Hotmail, and Google (Gmail) are the biggest players in the educational E-mail hosting market. Along with the neat-o peripheral gizmos like messaging, calendars, and collaboration tools, the outsourced systems are more stable, have better spam filters, and provide much more storage space than the typical university's in-house system. At the University of Pennsylvania, its old E-mail service gave students 60 megabytes of storage, just 3 percent of the 2 gigabytes Windows Live now provides. In return, Google and Microsoft get almost nothing, at least monetarily and in the short term. Microsoft's Windows Live @ edu and the Google Apps Education Edition are free of charge for schools. Eliminating another source of revenue, the two tech giants stripped their respective services of advertising in an effort to accommodate educators' concerns. Microsoft breaks even on the venture (it does run ads on non-E-mail services like instant messaging), while Google, which makes almost all its money through advertising, runs at a loss. But what money they don't make at the moment will—the companies hope—pay great dividends in the form of lifelong users in the future, says Google's Jeff Kelter. As quickly as they shuffle out of commencement, graduates see their E-mail transition to the traditional ad-based formats of Gmail and Hotmail. And unlike before, when universities couldn't afford to host thousands of alumni, Google and Microsoft can maintain every account indefinitely, retaining customers as long as customers still want them. Not all schools are ready to outsource their tech dirty work, with privacy and security topping the list of concerns. Critics worry that by handing over the responsibility of E-mail hosting, colleges also relinquish the freedom to keep the information safe in the best way they see fit. Even in the corporate world, there is great skepticism of consumer technologies like Google Apps. Yet most university IT managers agree that outsiders would do a better job protecting individual E-mail from viruses and spam than their own small operations, and strong word-of-mouth praise has done wonders to supplement the almost nonexistent marketing budgets for these Microsoft and Google

考研英语答题技巧之阅读篇 考研英语答题技巧之阅读篇 1、原句重复出现，200%错。正确的都是有改动的，即同意替换。 2、文章是按顺序出题的。你要觉得不是，就是你做错了。 3、选项中意思完全相反的2个选项，其中之一是对的。(要有这个意识)。 4、就一般而言，somepeople，表作者不认同的观点。fewpeople，表作者的观点。 5、用文章里举例的句子来作为选项，直接排除。200%错。(要有能辨别这个选项是不是文章中例子的能力)。 6、某某人说的话，或者是带引号的，一定要高度重视。尤其是 在段落的后半部分。很有可能就是某个问题的同意替换。即题眼。 7、有的时候，一句话可以设2个问题。不过这种情况很少出现了，非常少。 8、文章基本以5段为主(也有6段、7段的)，要把握每段之间 的关系。一般来说，一段一个题，只是一般来说喔。 9、一篇文章总会有5、6+个长难句，且总会在这里设问题。所以，长难句必须要拿下! 10、每段的第一句很重要。尤其总分结构的段。有的时候第一句话就是题眼。考研英语，总分结构或者总分总的段落很多。 11、若文章首段以why为开头的，这里若设题的话，选项里有because的，往往就是正确选项。不过这种类型的题，很少见了。

12、有时候每段的第一句话，仅仅是一个表述。而在第2或3句以后，会出现对比或者转折。一般来说，转折后面的是作者的态度。你要注意的是，作者对什么进行了转折。那个关键词你要找出来。 13、在应该出现答案的地方，没有答案。接着往下读。答案可能会在下一段的开头部分。因为文章都是接着说的。要有连贯性。这 和7选5的技巧有些相似。不过这种情况并不多见。 14、一个长句看不懂，接着往下看，下一句可能是这个长句的解释说明。是的话，这的地方可能会出题。出的话，答案就在这附近。而实际情况是，文章在谈论某个问题或提出某个观点时，有时会再 做进一步的解释说明。这种情况下，这里往往会设问题。不过，这 种情况很少见了。 15、有些句子仅仅是解释补充，或者是起过渡作用的。这样句子的特点是，句子比较短。注意，答案一般不会在这儿出现。选项中 出现，肯定是干扰项。你要知道的是，同意替换的句子，大都是长 难句。一些作为过渡的句子，不可能是答案。在你读不懂的情况下，要有这个判断力。 16、正确选项都是原文中的个别几个词的同义替换。阅读理解历年的.所有真题，都是同意替换!就看你能不能找得到。考研英语， 考的就是这个!那个关键词，就看你找没找得到，不管是什么类型的题。 17、每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个中心句或者关键词。要抓文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意，阅 读理解考的就是这个“中心句”。 18、选项中的几个单词，是该段中不同句子里的单词拼凑的，有时看上去很舒服，注意，干扰项。还有从不同的段落里的词拼凑到 一起的，直接排除。总之，选项的单词是拼凑的，肯定错。 19、一定要注意文章中句子的宾语部分，尤其是长难句中主干的宾语。上面说了，考研英语大都是长难句里设题。你要知道的是， 长难句里，最可能是出题的就是句子的主干部分!主干的主语、宾语

Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not ch In but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运 转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控 制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时 说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kil off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平 行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但 是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在 那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says D Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as decide is to kill off president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 大学英语

TEXT 2 He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era. Poetry specialised, at that moment, in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Yorkshire-born Ted Hughes, first published in a book called “The Hawk in the Rain” when he was 27, was unlike anything written by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour. Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughes's ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters, pigs. These animals were the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devices—symbols of the countryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink. It was not only England that thought so either. Hughes's book was also published in America, where it won the Galbraith prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide. Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In 1998, the year he died, Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a book of loose-weave poe ms called “Birthday Letters”.In this new and exhilarating collection of real letters, Hughes returns to the issue of his first wife's death, which he calls his “big and unmanageable event”. He felt his talent muffled by the perpetual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publish his own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten. The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware. For all the moral torment, the writing itself has the same rush and vigour that possessed Hughes's early poetry.

超精读——全面提升英语阅读能力 作者：丁晓钟来源：点点英语 经常有同学问我：有没有什么捷径能够顺利地通过四六级、考研或者其它英语考试? 我的回答总是：没有。但是，帮助同学们找到一套科学的学习方法，不仅可以提高英语能力，而且对考试也有切实的帮助，是我一直所追求的。在国内这样的非母语学习环境里，如何在英语学习上少走弯路，最为行之有效和直接的提高英语水平的办法就是大量阅读，并作精细阅读，这样才能带动“听说写译”等其它能力的突破。结合我个人的学习体会，并经过长时间的思考和教学中的摸索，我总结出了一套以阅读为突破口，提高英语综合能力和突破四六级和考研等等英语考试的“超精读”方法，希望能对同学们有所帮助。 对大部分中国学生来说，欠缺的不是泛读，而是精读。总的来说，同学们在超精读文章的时候要对文章和考点、干扰项等进行详细的分析、总结。这时要仔细体会文章中精彩的语言，注意词语的内涵、使用、扩展和搭配，代词和名词的指代，对精彩句型的模仿，以及对重要语法现象、长句、难句、文章结构的分析。另外，还要注意分析句子和句子之间的关系，是因果、递近、转折还是什么？尤其要注意文章的第一句和最后一句，以及每段的第一句和最后一句与其它句子的关系，体会每句话在文章中的作用。在阅读过程中，要培养自己对文章主要讨论对象、关键词，作者和专家的观点，以及语气的把握。特别注意作者和专家的观点，专家和专家之间的观点是否相同或相反或互补，以及作者和专家的语气是赞成还是反对，是关注还是乐观等等。如果是真题，还要仔细分析考点和正确、干扰选项的规律、特征。在此过程中，可把文章尽可能的多读几遍，甚至翻译一下，提高对文章中单词、短语、句型等的反应速度，阅读速度自然也就提高了。 如果能做到上面几点，那么你才能说真正地理解了文章，阅读理解能力以及综合英语能力都会得到很大的提高，其结果是对考试中的每个题型的把握都会更上一层楼。先从听力说起，据研究，一个人的阅读理解能力和听力水平是成正比关系的。试想，有的同学连听力原文都看不懂，怎么可能听懂呢。另外，在超精读的过程中，所积累的词汇能力，对词汇题也有很大帮助，我曾做过统计，如果对10套左右的四六级、考研阅读真题中的词汇进行过深入学习，大纲中的重点词汇就已经囊括大半。最好的词汇记忆方法是通过阅读来学习，可以记得又牢又准确。对翻译、完形、改错、简短回答问题等小题型，你就会觉得得心应手，因为你对这些题型的解题能力和你的阅读、词汇能力最相关。关于作文，许多同学喜欢背模版，其实模版作文千篇一律，很难拿到高分。如果在读英语报刊和真题的过程中，我们有意识地摘抄积累一些精彩地道的词汇和句型，考试时信手拈来，无疑会使评卷老师眼睛为之一亮。实际上，我们所阅读的英语文章就是一篇篇精彩的作文范文。如果我们能在早晨、傍晚朗读或背诵英语报刊文章或真题阅读文章，经常进行翻译练习，耳濡目染接触到的都是地道的英语，坚持下去，我们的听说读写译能力很自然地就会得到提高。 第一步：准备好阅读材料，训练阅读速度，捕捉文章大意。不要查字典、看译文。 在阅读英语报刊（推荐阅读Time, Newsweek, the Economist等）或者真题的时候，第一遍都必须首先注意提高阅读速度。对报刊上的文章，第一遍读的时候不要查字典，记下起止时间，计算单位时间的阅读量。对真题，更加要控制在规定的时间内完成，阅读时就要随时对可能的考点作出标记，最后结合解题技巧来解题。这时的重点放在训练速度，掌握文章大意、结构，以及作者和专家等的观点。 第二步：总结文章中词汇使用的准确性、形象性、多样性和感情色彩及语气，复合词的使用，总结各类重要搭配，对各类重要词汇进行扩展，正确识别代词与抽象名词的指代，并记忆和运用可以在作文中使用的词汇。 1.从文章中词汇使用的准确性、形象性、多样性和感情色彩及语气角度，复合词的使用进行总结。

第一部分：对于长难句课程难点重点的回顾 非简单句的障碍来源： 非简单句:﹛S1，S2，S3，S4,…Sn﹜ 如何拆分和组合句子 非简单句的障碍解决方案 一．关联词和主句专一原则 关联词: 1. 关系代词：that, who,whom,which,what,as,whose, 2. 关系连词：if, whether,when,where, 3. 标点符号：, ----; 4. 并列连词：and，or 主句专一原则: 1. 一个句子只能有一个主句，主句中没有关联词。 2. 一个句子中有n个分句，则只有n-1个关联词。 例证： 句子之间的关联方式 u 1.并列 l 并列联词的用法 例1..Itis alittle upsettingto read that acertainline describesafight betweenaTurkishanda Bulgarianofficerandto find that the line consistsofthe noiseoftheir falling andthe weightsof theofficers,"Pluff!Pluff!"Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms. u 2.主从复合（嵌套） 主从复合句的分类： 三大从句： 名词性从句： 主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句 形容词性从句： 定语从句 副词性从句： 状语从句 常见的关联词： 法硕联盟论坛https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e518244839.html,祝您考研成功！ -2-名词性从句：关系代词：what，who，whom，which, 关系连词：that,when,where,how, 形容词性从句：见定语从句 副词性从句：见后表格； 名词性从句的分类讲解： 状语从句种类常用连接词特殊连接词 时间状语从句When,while, as,before, since,till, until,assoon as 1.一些时间名词：themoment,theinstant,the

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案(三) Passage 11 Dream is a story that a personwatchesor even takes part in during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer's life. They seem real while they are taking place. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still others are frightening. Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams. Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dreams occur in color. but persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams. Dreams are a product of the sleeper's mind. They

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学 类 Passage 18 Tennis hopeful Jamie Hunt, 16, felt he could not become a world-class junior player while attending a regular school. The international circuit has players on the road 50% of the time--and it's hard to focus on your backhand when you're worrying about being on time for homeroom. So last year Hunt, who hones his ground strokes at Elite TNT Tennis Academy in April Sound, Texas, enrolled for academics in the $9,750-a-year University of Miami Online High School (UMOHS), a virtual school that caters to athletes. "The online school gives me the flexibility I need," says Hunt. "The workload is the same, but I can do it anywhere. It's nicer to ask a question face-to-face with a teacher, but in some ways it prepares me better for college because I have to be more independent." A year ago, Hunt's world junior ranking was 886; now it's 108. Virtual high schools, which allow students to take classes via PC, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative, particularly for on-the-go athletes. UMOHS has more than 400 students enrolled, 65% of whom are athletes. Accredited by the 100-year-old Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, UMOHS offers honors and advanced-placement classes. All course material is online, along with assignments and due dates. For help, says principal Howard Liebman, "a student may e-mail, instant message or call the teacher." Dallas mom Lori Bannon turned to another online school, Laurel Springs in Ojai, Calif. Bannon, who has a medical degree from Harvard, didn't want to compromise the education of her daughter Lindsay, 13, an élite gymnast who spends eight hours a day in the gym. "Regular school was not an option," says Bannon, "but I wanted to make sure she could go back at grade level if she quit gymnastics." Laurel Springs' enrollment has increased 35% a year for the past four years, to 1,800 students. At least 25% are either athletes or child entertainers. Educators are split on the merits of such schools. Paul Orehovec, an enrollment officer for the University of Miami, admits, "I was somewhat of a skeptic. But when I looked into their programs and accreditation, I was excited. UMOHS is the first online school to be granted membership in the National Honor Society." Kevin Roy, Elite's director of education, sees pitfalls and potential in virtual schools. "You will never have that wonderful teacher who inspires you for life," says Roy. "But the virtual school offers endless possibilities. I don't know where education's imagination will take this." 注(1)：本文选自Time;11/29/2004, p149-149, 1/2p, 1c; 注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 4第1、2题(1、2)，text 1 第2 题(3)，text 3第5 题(5)和2000年真题text 4第4题(4); 1. What does Jamie Hunt get from the virtual school? [A] the ability to perfect his tennis skills [B] the time to do his school work