西南交通大学2014年博士研究生入学考试英语真题

高尔夫球杆基本知识 20XX年03月11日星期日 05:00 A.M. 1.什么是木杆／铁杆？ 木杆：过去的“木杆”当然是木造的（该名称的由来），但现在则有各种不同的材质。一般而言木杆的体积要比其它的球杆稍大。木杆是典型的长距离球杆，这表示它的距离比准确度来得重要。发球杆通常都是 '1' 号木杆，球杆面角度大致上在 8 至 12 度之间（球杆面角度 0 度表示与地面垂直）。 铁杆：铁杆原本是用铁造的，不过现在大多为钢制。铁杆比木杆小，通常被视为精致的球杆，使用上讲究准确度更甚于距离。 2.球杆的数字有什么意义？ 大致上数字代表球杆的杆面角度。数字越低表示杆面角度越低，球杆越长。杆面越低球杆越长的结果是距离越远，但准确度就越低。这也等于数字越小的球杆越难打。 3.一套有多少球杆？ 一套高尔夫球杆限定不得超过 14 支。整套的组成则视个人的喜好而定。 通常一套球杆包括下列几项： 铁杆： 3，4，5，6，7，8，9，PW，SW 木杆： 1，3，5及推杆。这并不表示每次打球都必须携带这些球杆。初学者可携带一支发球杆（1 号木杆）或 3 号木杆，3，5，7 各一支，以及 9 号铁杆，外加一支推杆。 木杆的类型 木杆：基本上木杆有两种类型，柿树及枫树。?坚硬的杆头通常用柿木。?薄板层压（三合板）的杆头通常用枫木。薄板层压的杆头以繁复的木工制成。制作过程类似复制一把钥匙。第二种，也是最常用的木杆是枫木制成的杆头。一般而言，1/16 英?的枫木镶面板都是类似三合板的方式压制而成的。这类镶面板经过加热与加压，最后做成类似柿木的杆头。许多高尔夫球员指出，柿木杆头的撞击力感觉起来比较坚硬，但这并没有事实根据。有些高尔夫球员则比较偏好层压的枫木杆头，理由是必较耐用。 金属杆：包铸的金属杆头相当受欢迎，主要是因为外围的比重经过额外的控制（这并非原先的设计用意，而是产品的铸造过程让重量分布更适中）。不锈钢杆头铸成中空以免过重，中空部份通常灌注聚胺酯消减噪音。有不少人注意到用金属木杆的头挥杆时不管有没有击中中心都能增加距离。

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位 联考英语试卷 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have _1_ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually _2_. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. _3_, among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good health. Of even greater _5_ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often _6_body mass index, or BIMI _7_ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BIMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 to 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, _8_ can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.

2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一） Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 . Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 . The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. 1.[A] that [B] when [C] why [D] where 2.[A] fades [B] improves [C] collapses [D] recovers 3.[A] Unless [B] While [C] Once [D] If 4.[A] damaging [B] limited [C] uneven [D] obscure 5.[A] relationship [B] environment [C] wellbeing [D] outlook 6.[A] figures [B] finds [C] points [D] turns 7.[A] responses [B] associations [C] workouts [D] roundabouts 8.[A] genre [B] criterion [C] circumstances [D] functions 9.[A] channel [B] process [C] condition [D] sequence

2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. B .for 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. realized I realize did realize I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. through in for after over on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. out out out out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other 13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes. WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking. 11. A. whether B. which C. when D. what

真题： PARTVI WRITING (45 MIN) Nowadays, some companies have work-from-home or remote working policies, which means that their employees do not have to commute to work every day. Some people think that this can save a lot of time travelling to and from work, thus raising employees’ productivity. However, others argue that in the workplace, people can communicate face t o face, which vastly increases the efficiency of coordination and cooperation. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic： My Views on Working from Home In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details．In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary． Marks will be awarded for content, organization，language and appropriateness．Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks． Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR． 参考范文（一） Telecommuting: an Inevitable Trend There is no denying the fact that the past years have witnessed an increasing number of people working from home, with some employers encouraging this practice. However, there exist opposing views on this phenomenon, with proponents claiming that it saves time and increases productivity, while opponents arguing that it lacks face-to-face communication and thus affects coordination. Personally, I believe that there is truth in both opinions. Therefore, this new style of working suits more jobs that demand less face-to-face communication. However, with the

掌控高尔夫球杆详细解析高尔夫球杆杆头 杆头是高尔夫球杆最重要的组成部分之一，如果我们想打好高尔夫就应该对自己的球杆有所认识，应该了解高尔夫球杆有哪些特点，我们从球杆中非常重要的部分杆头开始分析。 说起球杆，不管是木杆还是铁杆，主要都是由三部分组成，那就是杆头，杆身和握柄。我们先谈谈杆头。关于杆头从球杆制作上来讲有很多的定义，不过最基本的定义有三个，那就是杆面倾角（Loft Angle），杆头倾角（Lie Angle）和杆面角度（Face Angle）。 所谓的杆面倾角，就是杆面和杆身中心线所成的角度，也就是杆面的倾斜程度。我们平时所说的这个杆是56度的，那个杆是47度的，指的就是杆面倾角。每个铁杆杆头都有标准杆面倾角，但不同品牌的铁杆杆头的杆面倾角也不尽相同。 杆头倾角说的是杆身中心线和杆底部所成的角度，这个也不难理解。 而杆面角度指的是当杆颈和目标线垂直时，杆面和目标线之间所成的角度即为杆面角度。只有木杆才有杆面角度，铁杆和推杆都没有杆面角度。这是因为木杆可以将其杆底平放在指定位置，从而显露出它的杆面角度。而对于铁杆来说，由于球友握着铁杆时，杆面边刃和目标线垂直相交，所以铁杆就没有杆面角度。杆面角度有两种：将球杆杆底平放在指定位置时，指向目标左侧的杆面角度被称为Close，使用这种球杆容易打出左曲球。正对着目标的杆面角度被称为Square，指向目标右侧的杆面角度被称为Open，使用这样的球杆则容易 打出右曲球。杆面角度可以用多少度来表示。 另外铁杆从整个杆头的设计来看主要分两种，一种是刀背式的，另外一种则是后空式。刀背式的铁杆杆头设计通常杆头上部都比较薄，杆头重量设计也较集中。能击球较低的球路。刀片形的杆头往往都是以较软的原料制成，主要是让球员得到更好的击球触感。但这类的杆头设计甜点的部位较小，当球击偏于甜点部分，球的距离会大受影响。而且重心偏高，不容易控制，主要适合低差点的职业选手，对于初学者最好还是不要选用。而另外一种后空式的则适合高差点的选手，这种杆头是很常见的。所谓后空，顾名思义，就是杆头的后面有一个空膛，这样的杆头设计重量摆放比较均衡，多数偏向低部，所以可以击出较高的球路。而且当击球时击偏于甜点，对距离所产生的影响也不大，但击球的感觉肯定没有刀背式的敏感，不容易按照自己的意愿去击出曲线球。

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I) 英语 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge! The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world. Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue. Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th. Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speaker will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served. Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e018503061.html,. 21 Who can take in the Curiosity Challenge? A. School students. B. Cambridge locals. C. CSF winners. D. MIT artists. 22 When will the prize-giving ceremony be held? A. On February 8th. B. On March 10th C. On March 15th.. D. On April 21st. 23 What type of writing is this text? A. An exhibition guide. B. An art show review. C. An announcement. D. An official report.

2014年下半年高中《英语学科知识》教师资格证考试统考真题及答案 一、选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分） 在每小题列出的四个备选选项中选择一个最佳答案，请用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案字母按要求涂黑。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.which of the following is the proper pronunciation of“have to “as a result of assimilation? A.／hef tu／ B.／hev tu／ C.／h?f tu／ D.／h?v tu／ 2.which of the following shows the proper rhythmical pattern of the sentence? A.′Come to′see us at our′new a`partment B.`Come to`see us at`our new`apartment C.`Come to`see us`at our`new`apartment D.`Come to`see us`at our`new a`parement 3.He came to dinner and my mom fixed a roast,prime rib,pie,yohurt,dri nks,and that kind of＿,and it was really good. A.meat B.stuff C.staff D.Dish 4.Unlike her＿ sister,Judith is a shy,unsociable person who dislike to go to parties or to make new friends. A.charming B.friendly C.gracious D.Gregarious 5.He pledged support for“＿care”， where youngsters were looked after be close relatives like aunts or uncles,but not parents. A.family B.kinship C.sibling D.Relative 6.I will never know all that was in his head at the time,＿. A.nor will anyone else B.nor anyone else will C.nor won′t anyone else D.nor anyone else won′t 7.She doesn′t want to work right now because she thinks that if she ＿a job she probably wouldn′ t be able to visit her friends very often. A.has to get B.were to get C.had got D.could have got 8.What is the correct way to read the decimal“106.16”in English? A.One hundred and six point one six B.One hundred and six point six teen C.One hundred and six points one six D.One hundred and six points s ixteen 9.When any of the maxims under the Cooperative Principle is flouted on purpose,might arise. A.ambiguous structure B.contradictory proposition

全国至自学考试英语二历年真题及答案全集 Last revision on 21 December 2020

2014年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试题答案及评分参考 第一部分：阅读选择（第1-10题，每题1分，共10分） 第二部分：阅读判断（第11-15题，每题2分，共10分） 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16-25题，每题1分，共10分） 第四部分：填句补文（第26-30题，每题1分，共10分） 第五部分：填词补文（第31-40题，每题1分，共10分） 第六部分：完型补文（第41-50题，每题分，共15分） 绝密★启用前 2014年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试题答案及评分参考 （课程代码00015） 第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分） 1、B 2、B 3、A 4、C 5、B 6、C 7、A 8、A 9、B 10、A 第二部分：阅读选择（第11~15题，每题2分，共10分）

11、D 12、A 13、C 14、B 15、A 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16~25题，每题1分，共10分） 16、C 17、D 18、A 19、B 20、F 21、D 22、F 23、E 24、A 25、C 第四部分：填句补文（第26~30题，每题2分，共10分） 26、C 27、E 28、A 29、F 30、B 第五部分：填句补文（第31~40题，每题分，共15分） 31、G 32、I 33、B 34、H 35、A 36、K 37、C 38、E 39、L 40、J 第六部分：完形补文（第41~50题，每题分，共15分） 41、born 42、resulted 43、growth 44、manufacturing 45、moved 46、addition 47、fewer 48、machines 49、unnecessary 50、unemployment 【评分参考】本部分无分和1分的计分。语法错误或拼写错误均不给分；英、美拼写均可接受；大小写错误不扣分。 第七部分：短文写作（第51题，30分） 51.范文（略）

解析：题目问的是新闻传播从咖啡馆式的口口相传转变成大众报纸的单向传输原因何在。而结合文中第一段中的相关句：“Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun，pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news，thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience．”就不难发现，确实报纸广告的出现是其原因所在。但由于这句句子较长，很可能有些考生会在时间仓促中来不及看完整，想清楚，先看到the first mass-audience newspaper就以为找到了正确答案，所以会误选A，但只要接着把句子读完就会发现该句强调的还是这家报纸率先使用了在报纸上登广告的形式才造成了这样的转变，最终原因归结还应该是报纸广告的出现。所以，解题时一定要把句子理解完整，千万不要因为赶时间而以偏概全。 12．参考答案：D 解析：题目问的是四个选项中哪个能最好的支持文中这句“Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house.(如今，新闻行业正回归到一种更接近原来咖啡馆式讨论传播的状态。)”选项A是在文章第二段最后部分出现的，紧跟前面一句来证明在全球大部分地区，大众传媒仍然在蓬勃发展的，因此与题干句无关，甚至可以说是相悖的。而选项B和C都只是在陈述某些具体现象，并未能直接来支持题干句。只有选项D总结了人们正在亲身参与到新闻的发现、讨论和传播中去，这也正是咖啡馆式新闻传播的最显著的一个特点——参与性，因此这句话能最好的表明如今的新闻行业正以这样的方式回归。

铁杆头 (Iron Head) 1、铁杆头依其角度之不同而有不同之分号，其分号从1 号~9 号与WEDGE。 2、每个分号所打出去的球，其球之弹道与距离均不同。 3、一般开始打球的人，均从# 7 与# 5 杆打起。因为号码愈大其角度也大，杆长较短比较好打。所以球具杆长愈表示球距愈远，但较不好打。 4、WEDGE一般又称它为切杆。是用在靠近果岭(Green)让球能切近洞口的球杆。 球杆名倾角 (LOFT) 仰角 (LIE) 翘角 (BOUNCE) 球距、弹道备注 PITCHING 48°~52° 63~64 10°左右100 码之高飞球PW 挖起杆 SAND 54°~58° 63~64 15°左右60 码之高飞球S W 砂坑杆 THIRD 57°~60° 63~64 4°左右切 EDGE 边之球 5、铁杆头之材质略述于下： 材质 MATERIAI 软硬度特性备注 FORGING 锻铸软 - 控球性良好、击球之感觉佳职业选手均选用此材质 304 不锈钢软 + 欲取代FORGING之材质，不生锈高不成低不就，现己很少人用431 不锈钢硬 - 不变形、不易断裂，价格便宜目前最广泛使用之材质 6、材质愈硬，球头愈坚固，愈不容易损坏，可是，震动力量则愈大，对手臂之伤害之机会愈大。以致于目前球头材质之开发，均朝着质软强度之方向进行，石墨碳纤内包不锈钢之球头就是在此一目标下被开发出来的。 7、球头背坑（Cavity）之设计，是将重量分布到球头四周，以增加打击甜蜜区（Seet Spot）。无背坑设计之球头，其打击甜蜜区则较集中于球头重心处。 8、球头之重心高低影向球飞行弹道之高低，故初学者适合选用高弹道之低重心球头。 9、杆边面距（Oet-set）系亦影响球飞行弹道之高低，故分号愈小其距离要求较远，其杆边面距就必须愈大，分号较大者则杆边面距几乎为零。 10、趐角(Bounce)之设计是想改善容易挖土者；反之，挖角（Scoop）是针对常打到球顶(Top)者而设计的。此二角合称为底角（Sole Angle）。 木杆头 (Wood Head) 1、与铁杆头一样，木杆头也是依角度不同而有不同之分号，均分为#1、3、4、5、7等号。 2、1号木杆通称DRIVER，是开球用之球杆，依原理上来看，是整套球具中打得最远的一支。其倾从7度到13度任君选择，但需注意，角度愈小可以打得更远些，可是却也愈不容

2014年10月自考《英语（二）》真题（完整试卷）含答案解析 第一部分：阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C，并将所选答案的代码（指A、B或C）填在答题纸的相应位置上。 The Stranger Who Changed My Life It was a sunny morning in the spring of 1966. I was driving a taxi，looking for a customer. While passing New York Hospital，l found a man running down the hospital steps，waving at me. I stopped. The man reached the taxi and jumped in. “ The Airport，please，“ he said. As always，I wondered about my passenger. Was this man a talker? After a few moments，he started saying，“How do you like driving a taxi?” ‘s i t’ s OK，”I said. “I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes.” “ What do you do?” I asked. “I am a doctor at New York Hospital. ” Many times during long rides，l’d developed a good relationship with my passengers and received very good advice from them. This time I decided to ask for his help，”Could I ask a favor of you?”He didn't answer. “I have a son，15，a good kid. He wants a job this summer. is it possible that you get one for him?” He still wasn't talking, and I was starting to feel foolish. Finally, he said, “ Well, my students have a summer research project. Maybe he could join in. Have him send me his school record. ” He left his address and paid me. It was the last time I ever saw him. Robbie sent off his grades the next morning. And gradually this incident was forgotten. Two weeks later, when I arrived home from work, Robbie handed me a letter. He was informed to call Dr. Plum for an interview. Robbie got the job. The following summer, Robbie worked at the hospital again, but this time, he was given more responsibility. Then, he worked at the hospital for a third summer and gradually developed a love of medical profession. Near graduating from college, Robbie applied to and was admitted to New York Medical College. After getting his medical degree, Robbie, the son of a taxi driver, became a doctor at Columbia Medical Center. 1. The doctor shouted at the taxi driver for a ride. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2. The doctor wanted to go to the railway station by taxi. A. True B. False C. Not Given 3. The taxi driver liked talking with his customers. A. True B. False C. Not Given 4. The taxi driver had two children. A. True B. False C. Not Given 5. The taxi driver became Dr. Plum' s friend. A. True B. False C. Not Given 6. The doctor wrote a recommendation letter for Robbie. A. True B. False C. Not Given 7. Robbie joined in a summer research project.

2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二）试卷（课程代码：00015） 本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buy a used Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease，therefore，allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it, and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later. Furthermore, people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the lease is over . Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you go over that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up paying thousands of dollars in mileage(里程) fees. In addition, when you lease ,you have to