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《学科英语》1、2、3、6、10单元答案

《学科英语》1、2、3、6、10单元答案
《学科英语》1、2、3、6、10单元答案

Unit 1 预习练习参考答案Passage 1

1. 科学知识

2. 实践知识

3. 应用科学

4. 科学原理

5. 操作条件

6. 预期功能

7. 机械原理

8. 民用建筑

9. 技术学科

10. 分支学科

11. 基础设施

12. 制造工程1. scientific knowledge

2. practical knowledge

3. applied science

4. scientific principle

5. operating condition

6. intended function

7. mechanical principle

8. civilian structure

9. technical discipline

10. sub-discipline

11. infrastructure

12. manufacturing engineering

Task 1

1. Tissue engineering has been a newly developed _________ which represents the new direction of biological medicine engineering.

discipline

a branch of knowledge

组织工程学是一门新兴的学科,它代表了生物医学工程领域发展的新方向。

2. What sort of preferential policies can foreign investors in software and integrated _________ industry enjoy? circuit

an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow

外商投资软件产业和集成电路产业能享受何种优惠政策?

3. NC machine tools are difficult to _________ and often result in heavy economic losses when they go wrong due to the high prices.

maintain

keep in a certain state

数控机床由于价格昂贵,一旦出现故障,维修困难,常带来较大的经济损失。

4. The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of a _________.

generator

engine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction

利用发电机可以把机械能转变成电能。

5. Research has thrown doubt on the view that _________ intelligence can ever be measured.

innate

not established by conditioning or learning

科学研究对内在智力可以衡量这一观点表示怀疑。

6. How much _________ exists between the content of this magazine and its associated website?

overlap

a representation of common ground between theories or phenomena

该杂志和它的相关网页存在多少重叠的部分?

7. The Earth crust is made up of a dozen or so hard plates that drift on _________ hot, soft rock like floating islands on a sea.

extremely

to a high degree or extent

地壳由大约12个板块构成。就像在海上漂流的岛屿一样,这些板块在极端高温的岩浆上漂移。

8. The speed limiter is an indispensable auxiliary _________ in the internal combustion engine used in forklift (叉车).

apparatus

equipment designed to serve a specific function

限速器是叉车用内燃式发动机中不可或缺的辅助装置。

9. It is proved through the experiment that this method can effectively prevent this kind of _________ reaction from occurring.

permutation

an event in which one thing is substituted for another

通过实验证明,本方法能有效地防止这种置换反应的发生。

10. _________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. Etymology

a history of a word

词源学研究词的形式和意义的起源及其历史变化。

Task 2

1. be consistent with

他说,未来的改革必须符合自由贸易和开放投资的原则。

2. specialize in

启动成本较低,因为每个企业都可以只专门从事一个很窄的领域。

3. derive from

以上这些能力都源自一种叫机器学习的东西,它在许多现代人工智能应用中都处于核心地位。

4. A range of

创业公司和成熟品牌推出的一系列穿戴式产品让人们欢欣鼓舞,跃跃欲试。

5. date back to

置身硅谷的我们时常淹没在各种“新新”方式之中,我们常常忘记了,我们只是在重新发现一些可追溯至涉及商业根本的朴素教训。

Task 3

TFFTF

Task 5

1. 工程师对于自己的职业行为最常见的观点是:他们是通过应用科学结论来计划、开发、设计和推出技术产品的。

2. 技术是应用科学,即它是定律中因果关系向终端意图关系的转化。

3. 抛开向顾客提供渴求产品的这些善举不说,工程师的其他所有行为不管是从道德上来看还是从价值上判断都是处于中立的,因为找到适当的方式只是应用科学结论的一个任务而已。

4. 这些结论可以有对错之分,但谈不上好坏之别。应用科学被认为是一种自动或决定的过程,其只受自然法则的约束,比如物理定律而不是道德条例。

5. 工程师的观点—就工程师是做什么的这一问题在这部分中进行了简要的描述—是纯粹出于技术角度而言,同时也有些理想主义。

Unit 2 预习练习参考答案Passage 1

1. 拐点

2. 范式转变

3. 提高生产率

4. 自动化生产线

5. 提高效率

6. 降低成本

7. 大规模生产

8. 工厂车间

9. 制造功能

10. 电子产品

11. 智能产品

12. 模块化系统

13. 嵌入式装置

14. 控制系统

15. 机器对机器通信

16. 虚拟图像/表达

17. 制造过程

18. 战略建议

19. 官方高科技战略

20. 行业伙伴

21. 深远影响

22. 原始数据

23. 反馈,回馈

24. 精细过程控制

25. 资产跟踪

26. 记忆芯片

27. 次位供应商

28. 低成本产品

29. 净效益1. inflection point

2. paradigm shift

3. increase productivity

4. automated assembly line

5. increase efficiency

6. cut costs

7. mass production

8. factory floor

9. manufacturing function

10. electronics products

11. smart products

12. modular system

13. embedded device

14. control system

15. machine-to-machine (M2M) communication

16. virtual representation

17. manufacturing process

18. strategic recommendation

19. official High-Tech Strategy

20. sector partner

21. far reaching consequences

22. raw data

23. feedback

24. fine-grained process control

25. asset tracking

26. memory chips

27. second-source supplier

28. low cost products

29. net benefit

Task 1

1. The wireless application server must be an open, _________ architecture, to provide the user with the maximum flexibility and extensibility to ease development and deployment.

modular

a self-contained unit or item

无线应用程序服务器必须是开放的、模块化的体系结构,为用户提供最大的灵活性和可扩充性,以方便开发和部署。

2. The 1935 Ford is mechanically much like its _________ in the Model 40 series.

predecessor

an ancestor, forefather

1935年型的福特车在机械方面与它40型系列的前身非常相像。

3. Continuous _________ and improvement: At the end of an iteration of work, we always look back at how we

did and figure out what we can do differently next time to improve.

feedback

反馈,回馈

不断的反馈和改善:在每一次迭代的末尾,我们总是回顾我们以前是怎么做的,并且思考我们下次可以做哪些不同的事来改善流程。

4. New boosters can increase the payload by almost one order of _________.

magnitude

greatness of size or amount

新型助推器能使有效负载几乎增加一个数量级。

5. Taking a physical _________ means making a systematic count of all merchandise on hand.

inventory

存货

存货的盘点是指对所有库存商品进行系统的盘点。

6. This ability to _________ solar energy is something that fossil fuel burning cannot match.

decentralize

分散

这个分散太阳能的能力是传统的燃料燃烧所比不上的。

7. The government plans to _________ a competition law.

draft

to draw the outlines or plan of

政府计划起草一部竞争法。

8. The inside of a smart card usually contains an _________ microprocessor.

embedded

fixed or incorporated, as into a surrounding mass

智能卡的内部通常会嵌入一个微处理器。

9. Offices are fitted with alarm devices to _________ the manager in an emergency.

alert

to advise or warn; cause to be on guard

办公室里装有警报装置,遇到紧急情况时可向经理报警。

10. The monument consists of two vertical pillars supporting a horizontal _________.

slab

a broad, flat, somewhat thick piece of stone, wood, or other solid material

这座纪念碑由两根垂直的柱体构成,它们共同支撑着一块平板。

Task 2

1. give rise to

经济全球化、信息技术和电子商务的发展对物流产生了深刻的影响,并产生了新的物流特征。

2. kick start

当这一过程成功时,初创企业就将建立起自身的竞争优势。通过进一步的学习、改进、进而创新提高行业竞争力,使其在技术领域有能力与龙头企业抗衡。

3. all the rage

时下另一种同样流行的事物是开放式应用程序接口。

4. in conjunction with

必须将机械测试结果与催化剂活性、选择性和稳定性数据联系起来进行综合评价。

5. give way to

如果这类服务确受欢迎的话,那么利用专用语音导览装置的方法有可能被另一种不同的方法所取代。

Task 3

FFTTT

Task 5

1. 已有很多文章指出,摩尔定律,即集成电路芯片上晶体管密度呈指数级增长的定律,行将失效。

2. 显然格罗夫是个令人敬畏的技术天才,但他在管理方法上更为知名。他在1996年出版的一本名为《只有偏执狂才能生存》的书中描述了他自己的管理方法。

3. 1994年引入了一款新型奔腾微处理器,有些用户注意到它有一个处理上的缺陷,而格罗夫觉得无足轻重,除了最资深用户外,低端用户不受影响,可以不予理睬。

4. 不论以何种方式来衡量,这些具有高密集度且功能强大的集成电路都在创造这个科技时代中占有主导地位,如今我们往往也认为如此。

5. 对于他们来说,巨大的风险来自其长期安享现状。当他们从投资数十亿美元的集成电路生产线榨取最后一点利润的时候,别人则成功地着手应用全新的计算技术和业务模式,从而淘汰这样的集成电路生产线,就像当初晶体管和集成电路淘汰真空管一样。

Unit 3 预习练习参考答案Passage 1

1. 笼统的术语

2. 输入数据

3. 社交网络

4. 服务器日志

5. 卫星图像

6. 音频流

7. 金融市场

8. 软件平台

9. 大数据分析

10. 可扩展存储

11. 存档数据

12. 关系数据库

13. 处理选项

14. 数据仓库

15. 预定架构

16. 增长率

17. 互联网和移动时代

18. 数据流

19. 竞争优势

20. 流动源

21. 大容量存储器

22. 批处理

23. 反馈环路

24. 分布式计算工作

25. 数据流

26. 产品分类

27. 流处理

28. 专利产品

29. 开放源代码框架

30. 键值存储

31. 柱状数据库

32. 关系结构

33. 实体解析

34. 源数据

35. 应用数据

36. 数据类型不匹配1. a catch-all term

2. input data

3. social networks

4. server logs

5. satellite imagery

6. audio streams

7. financial market

8. software platform

9. big data analytics

10. scalable storage

11. archived data

12. relational database

13. processing options

14. data warehousing

15. predetermined schema

16. increasing rate

17. the Internet and mobile era

18. data flow

19. competitive advantage

20. a streaming source

21. bulk storage

22. batch processing

23. feedback loop

24. a Hadoop job

25. streaming data

26. product categories

27. streaming processing

28. proprietary products

29. open source frameworks

30. key-value stores

31. columnar databases

32. relational structure

33. entity resolution

34. source data

35. application data

36. data type mismatch

Task 1

1. Power and performance also depend on the weight and shape of the bullet and its _________. velocity

rapidity of motion or operation; swiftness; speed

(枪的)威力和性能同样要依靠弹头的重量和形状以及它的速率。

2. The number of e-mails you receive grows if you do not set the system to _________ them or store them at specific times.

discard

to cast aside or dispose of; get rid of

如果不进行系统设置来丢弃邮件或在特定时间存储邮件,您收到的电子邮件数量将会不断增加。

3. The _________ concept of component has a formal, well-defined meaning in the context of this system. nebulous

hazy, vague, indistinct, or confused

组件这一模糊的概念在此系统环境中具有了正式的、明确界定的含义。

4. This remote video terminal features a modular, open and _________ design, and can operate at different frequencies and with different waveforms.

scalable

capable of being scaled

该视频终端采用模块化、开放式、可扩展设计,可以工作于不同的频率和波形。

5. "Cloud computing" is a _________ term and covers many industries and many different segments.

catch-all

Something designed to cover a variety of situations or possibilities associated with the product

“云计算”是一个涵盖范围很广的术语,涉及许多行业与不同部门。

6. Web Accelerator will _________ the system settings of your present Internet connection and raise your web surfing speed by up to 300%.

optimize

to write or rewrite (the instructions in a program) so as to maximize efficiency and speed in retrieval, storage, or execution

网络加速器将优化您当前互联网连接的系统设置,并将您的网上冲浪速度提高达300%。

7. This framework structure is _________, flexible for modular design, and can be used in real-time data acquisition and processing.

versatile

having or capable of many uses

这种架构结构灵活,通用性强,适合模块化设计,可以用于实时数据采集和处理。

8. Many of these capabilities can be implemented either using _________ technologies, or through the use of open standards.

proprietary

manufactured and sold only by the owner of the patent, formula, brand name, or trademark

许多这些功能既可以使用专有技术实现,也可以通过利用开放标准实现。

9. To summarize, next generation batch processing systems must be _________ enough to meet requirements from customers of all shapes and sizes.

agile

able to think quickly, solve problems, and have new ideas

总而言之,下一代批处理系统必须足够地灵活快捷,以满足各种规模客户的需求。

10. One of the most common tasks for Android applications is to _________ or send data over the network to a remote server.

retrieve

to recover or regain

Android应用程序一个最常见的任务就是检索数据或通过网络将数据发送到远程服务器。

Task 2

1. come into play

当你遭遇车祸时,这些通信系统也会起作用,自动地呼叫帮助。

2. make the point that

我们无意抹煞斯坦福·莱佛士和英国人对这个岛屿(新加坡)的发展所做的贡献,但我们要说,那并非我们历史的全部。

3. beat out

印第安纳波利斯从近百座城市中胜出,成为美国联合航空公司大型维修中心的所在地。

4. to his advantage

和视觉界面设计一样,视觉信息设计也有很多未来的设计者可以充分利用的原则。

5. break down

有些洗衣粉能通过化学作用分解蛋白质。

Task 3

FTFTT

Task 5

1. 但是理解所有的数据需要帮助,这种帮助正以机器学习的方式呈现。

2. 计算的发展历史一直以来都像是钟摆一样,在集中式和分散式之间来回摆动。

3. 人们对于在边缘网络进行计算的兴趣重燃,--- 思科公司称之为“雾计算”:也就是将微型传感器与更强大的本地计算结合在一起的小型的局部云--- 而这可能会使许多工作再次转移到设备或本地网络上完成。

4. 是将所有数据集中式计算,还是更加侧重边缘计算?系统架构师深谙这两者之间的矛盾。

5. 我们正密切关注其他一些领域,在这些领域该项技术正在众多不同的传统企业机构生根发芽。

Unit 6 预习练习参考答案Passage 1

1. 3D打印

2. 人机交互

3. 生产流程

4. 劳动分工

5. 热动力学

6. 技术革命

7. 水力,水能

8. 电动机

9. 内燃机

10. 原材料

11. 能工巧匠

12. 人均收入

13. 农业劳动

14. 登机牌1. 3D printing

2. human-robot interactions

3. production process

4. division of labor

5. thermodynamics

6. technological revolution

7. waterpower

8. electric motor

9. internal combustion engine

10. raw materials

11. skilled craftsmen

12. income per capita

13. agricultural work

14. boarding pass

Task 1

1. The second method available is to _________ the content within the application itself.

encode

to convert (a message, information, etc.) into code

可用的第二种方法是在应用程序自身中对内容进行编码。

2. The Yangtze has developed into a particularly strong _________ platform for the transport of bulk commodities.

logistics

the branch of science and operations dealing with the procurement, supply, and maintenance of equipment

在大宗商品运输方面,长江已经发展成为一个非常强大的物流平台。

3. If experiences of major booms and busts _________ the way we behave, it's something that macro economists may need to take into account.

shape

to give definite form, shape, organization, or character to; fashion or form

如果说大繁荣和大萧条时期的经历塑造了人们的行为方式,那么宏观经济学家或许需要考虑到这一点。4. You can _________ the user interface to present information to the user or to gather information from the user.

customize

to make or change something according to the buyer's or user's needs

你可以自定义用户界面,以便将信息显示给用户或从用户那里收集信息。

5. Incandescent bulbs may be a bit safer than _________ bulbs, which do emit very small amounts of ultraviolet light.

fluorescent

strikingly bright, vivid, or glowing

白炽灯泡可能比荧光灯泡安全些,因为后者会发出少量的紫外线。

6. The study of Chinese _________ has a long history in China, as one of the most important parts of Chinese linguistics.

etymology

a chronological account of the birth and development of a particular word or element of a word

汉语词源研究作为中国语言研究的重要组成部分,在中国已有悠久的历史。

7. In future, close cooperation and an intensive exchange of _________ will be established between the two businesses.

knowhow

knowledge of how to do something; faculty or skill for a particular activity; expertise

今后,两家企业之间将建立密切的合作和专有技术的深度交流。

8. The ability to acquire, _________ and master technologies as well as innovate can be achieved in many ways. diffuse

to spread or scatter widely or thinly; disseminate

获取、推广和掌握技术以及革新的能力可通过许多途径实现。

9. Toshiba said in December that it would _________ production of some logic chips.

outsource

(of a company or organization) to purchase (goods) or subcontract (services) from an outside supplier or source 东芝公司12月表示,它将外包一些逻辑芯片的生产业务。

10. He remained in the _________ for many months, the company paying all his expenses.

sanatorium

a hospital for the treatment of chronic diseases, as tuberculosis or various nervous or mental disorders

他在疗养院住了好几个月,所有费用都由公司出。

Task 2

1. rather than

这个报告关注的是技术如何影响人类生活,而非商业活动。

2. on average

如果操作系统在平均情况下能支持任务的执行期限,则称它为软实时系统。

3. is supposed to

在我看来,这次表现是不可宽恕的,和奥运精神相悖。

4. account for

计算机占据了该国商业用电的5%。

5. open up

这两家公司决定合作开拓新市场。

Task 3

FTTFF

Task 5

1. 增材制造这一名称恰如其分,它用来描述通过增加多层材料来制造3D物体的技术。这些材料可以是塑料、金属、混凝土,或者有一天甚至是人体组织。

2. 零部件信息可通过数字形式发送,在家中或邻近消费者的地方打印,减少对运输的需求和依赖。

3. 尽管各媒体常用“3D打印”指代所有增材制造的工序,实际上两者之间很多工序不尽相同,且分层制造方法也各不相同。

4. 转换成STL文件会对各种形状进行细化,其所需时间取决于个人电脑的性能和模型的复杂性。

5. 超声波增材制造工艺使用金属板或金属带,并利用超声波焊接而成。

Unit 10 预习练习参考答案

Passage 1

1. 数字技术

2. 大都市生活

3. 城市生活

4. 乡村生活

5. 数据生态系统

6. 城市规划

7. 智能建筑

8. 关键因素

9. 自动化可视系统

10. 交通流量

11. 能源管理

12. 给水,配水

13. 水处理

14. 神经元网络

15. 城市基础设施

16. 供给与需求

17. 储能系统

18. 工作模式

19. 太阳能电池板

20. 风力发电机

21. 农产品

22. 全息摄影工作室

23. 虚拟空间

24. 冷藏库,冷藏室

25. 后勤经理;厂务经理1. digital technology

2. metropolitan life

3. urban life

4. rural life

5. data ecosystem

6. city planning

7. smart buildings

8. crucial factor

9. automation and visualization system

10. traffic flows

11. energy management

12. water distribution

13. water disposal

14. neuronal networks

15. urban infrastructures

16. supply and demand

17. energy storage system

18. working patterns

19. solar panels

20. wind generator

21. agricultural products

22. holographic studio

23. virtual space

24. cold store

25. facility manager

Task 1

1. The ability to ________, analyze, and reflect upon large amounts of data is crucial in today's information age. sift

to separate and retain the coarse parts of (flour, ashes, etc.) with a sieve

当今信息时代里,拥有筛选、分析和反思大容量数据的能力是至关重要的。

2. The only ________ to this pint-sized vehicle is it's inability to withstand a collision with a full-sized vehicle. downside

a discouraging or negative aspect

这种小型车的唯一缺点便是其不能抵挡住大型车辆的撞击。

3. This has led some economists to predict a risk for a hard landing ________ and financial crises in Latvia and Estonia.

scenario

an outline of the plot of a dramatic work

这使得一些经济学家预测出现硬着陆的情况,以及在拉脱维亚和爱沙尼亚有金融危机的风险。

4. Any attempt to regulate the Internet in China to prevent further privacy violations is likely to prompt ________ debate.

raucous

harsh; strident; grating

任何试图规范中国互联网,避免更多侵犯隐私事件的行为,都会引发嘈杂的争论。

5. Though the design of ________ roads varies from country to country, city to city, and even within cities, they share a number of common design characteristics.

arterial

being or constituting a main route, channel, or other course of flow or access, often with many branches

各个国家、各个城市,甚至在城市内部,主干道的设计都不尽相同,但是他们都有许多共同的设计特点。

6. ________, as one of the most attractive business modes of this century, has risks while propelling the rapid developments of the economy.

franchise

a store, restaurant, or other business operating under such a license

特许经营作为本世纪最有魅力的经营模式之一,在推动经济迅速发展的同时,也存在着相当的风险。

7. Although this so-called continuous speech-recognition approach has indeed improved accuracy, it is by no means ________.

infallible

absolutely trustworthy or sure

虽然这种被称作连续性语言识别方法确实提高了精度,但毫无疑问它也会犯错误。

8. This new ________ component requires a few extra steps during the assemble phase.

facade

the front of a building, especially an imposing or decorative one

这个新的外观组件在组装阶段需要执行额外的步骤。

9. Technological advances will liberate even the working classes, granting them lives of aesthetic _______. reverie

a state of dreamy meditation or fanciful musing

技术的进步甚至可以使劳动阶层获得自由,赋予其生活的审美遐想。

10. Huawei is one of many Chinese companies that are pushing into more sophisticated and ________ businesses.

lucrative

profitable; money-making; remunerative

华为是中国众多想要投身于更尖端更盈利的领域的公司中的一家。

Task 2

1. in tandem with

但创新设计总是伴随着技术革新向前发展,并且永远不会终结。

2. in advance of

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的思想远远超越了他所生活的时代。

3. on record

有关中国最古老的刺绣产品的记录可追溯至商代。

4. sneak up on

你是否曾尝试悄悄地走近镜子,希望或许能发现自己的镜像正在打盹儿?

5. toyed with

有段时间,他动过从医的念头,但没当真。

Task 3

TFFTT

Task 5

1. 机器人不仅仅是进入了工作场所,他们正在扩展技能,在公司里担任更高的职位,显示了出色的生产率和保留率,并且越来越多地挤走他们的人类对手。

2. 牛津大学的研究人员估计, 在未来的二十年里, 美国47% 的工作岗位将会实现自动化。即使实现自动化的比例可能只有这个比例的一半,工人们也免不了要猛然醒悟。

3. 我看到了技术的进步,而且日益明显的是计算机、机器、机器人和算法将能够完成大多数常规的重复性工作。

4. 相对于收入而言,与过去相比,食物现在真的很便宜,因此人们可以将钱花在其他事情上,而且他们也已经转而从事其他领域的工作。

5. 如果人们有最低收入,如果鼓励人们除此之外还可以做其他的事情, 并可以保留那些额外的收入, 而不是全部用于纳税, 那么我认为很多人会追求这些机会。

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