英语三级《笔译综合能力》试题答案及详解

2003年12月英语三级《笔译综合能力》试题答案及详解

2003年12月英语三级《笔译综合能力》试题答案及详解Section 1 (25 分,每题分)

Part 1

1. B

2. D

3. D

4. B

5. D

6. D

7. A

8. A

9. D 10. B

ll. B 12. D 13. C 14. A 16. B 17. B 18. C 19. B 20. D

Part 2

22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. B

30. B

31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. D

Part 3

36. B 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. C 41. A 42. D 43. B 44. D 45. A

46. A 47. D 48. A 49. D 50. B

Section 2 (25 分, 每题1 分)

51. C 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. C 56. C 57. C 58. B 59. C 60. B

61. A 62. D 63. B 64. D 65. B 66. A 67. A 68. C 69. D 70. B

71. D 72. B 73. B 74. B 75. D

Section 3 (20 分,每空1分)

1. about

2. only

3. transmitted

4. mass media

5. communication

6. include

7. interpersonal

8. deal/cope

9. marital 10. how 11. interdisciplinary 12. such

13. most 14. minimized 15. cultures 16. influence/affect

17. field 18. focus/concentrate 19. conduct/do 20. understanding

Section 4 (30 分)

综合解析:

Section 1

Part 1

[分析]形近识别。

四个选项均有前缀re-,但词义各不相同。A. recovered 痊愈、复原;(旧病)复发;复试;重新诊断。本句意为:12名痊愈的非典患者在解除隔离后几周——引发恐慌。所以B为答案。

[分析]近义辨析。

四词均表速度的加快或减慢,但从整句意思来看应是加快速度,所以A不对;

加快,加速,不仅指动作在更短时间内完成,还表示动作完成得更富有生气,主要指加快步伐,因此它的宾语一般是pace或steps;

急行,疾驶,促进,作“加快”讲时常用“speed up”;

加速,促进,强调一件事情的运动、增长及速度加快或是某事发生的比预料的要早。所以D为答案。

[分析]固定搭配。

have access to得以接近(或进入),享有机会。而A. passageway 过道,出入口;

入口,进入;如:Police have not yet explained how the men gained

entrance to the gallery.警察还没有解释这些人是如何进入画廊的。permission许可,允许,后常接动词不定式。

[分析]词义辨析。

行为,成绩,表演,执行;

技艺,功绩,壮举;

事件,结局;

行为,表现。Accomplished feats完成/实现……的壮举。

四词均表“准确”,强调在一定的数量和质量方面的极度准确,而且强调各细节与事实或范例完全符合,甚至于丝毫不差,语意比accurate还要强。如:I want an exact translation Of this sentence.我要这句话的确切翻译。主要强调事物在细微细节上的高度准确。如:I can't give you a precise date .我无法给你精确的日期。C perfect完美的,完好的,精确的;如:a perfect copy一字不差的副本。

主要指符合某一客观标准的准确程度,强调准确性,与事实无出入;如: The information on which his report is based is perfectly accurate.他那篇报告所依据的材料准确无误。此句主要是强调准确,与事实无出入,所以选D。

[分析]词义辨析。

A. confirm 证实,批准,确认;B·record记录,标明;欣赏,重视;

承认,答谢,报偿。此句意为:公司为了答谢这位看门人的长久贡献,赠与他一个礼物。

[分析]词义辨析。

两倍的,双重的;B·hard困难的,艰苦的;双向的,两方面的;痛苦的,悲惨的。此句还可从while连接的两个意义相反的短语看出这个妇女过的是一种双重生活。

[分析]近义辨析。

有价值,重要,起作用,常与for连用;

意味着;

授予,供给;

解释或说明……的原因。此句意为:可是不到最终投票,前面的保证(口头担保)是没用的。

[分析]词义辨析。

散布,

分类,分等;C·test测试,检验; 指经过不断努力而逐步获得或得到某种知识、技能、做事的方式等。

[分析]词义辨析。

可支撑的,可忍受的;

足够的,充分的,适当的,它既表示数量,又暗示质量;

坚固的,强大的;

积极的,实际的,绝对的。

四词均表“好处”。指通过正当的手段获得的好处;指胜过对方的有利条件,有占优势、占上风的意思;价值,益处;主要指金钱上的获利。

[分析]固定搭配。

应为be fond of喜欢、喜爱;

更喜欢,宁愿(选择);

to适合,适应;

to习惯于。此句意为:习惯于看欢乐结局的读者可能会觉得现代母亲们的这种质朴观点令人有点不安。

[分析1近义辨析。

故事;

航海,航程,旅行记,专指横跨海洋的水上远程旅行;

奇遇,冒险,冒险的经历,共复数的含义是故事中人物的生活和活动情况;

(短途)旅行,旅程,是旅行和访问的总称。

[分析]固定搭配。

A.(work)against(time)抢时间完成工作;

(time)及时;

(time)按时;准时;

D. ahead表“提前”时一般用ahead of。

[分析]固定搭配。

advance预先,事先,在前面;如:We paid the rent in advance.我们预付了房租。

在……之前;

经,按照;

of在……之前,提前,

ahead of schedule是固定搭配,表“提前”。

[分析)近义辨析。

警告;

报警,警报,警报器;a fire alarm火警,火灾警报器;

信号,预兆;

铃,钟。

报警,警报,警报器;

警惕,警报;on the alert for警惕……,警觉……,随时准备着,密切注意着,

警告,

注意,通知。

[分析1习语辨析。

with同意,适合;

to将……应用于;

of赞成,同意,称许;如:I quite approve of the idea of your plan.我非常赞成你计划中的想法。

是不及物动词,同介词to搭配使用,也可接动词不定式,表同意,赞成,答应;如:The people will never consent to another war.人们决不会同意再发生一次战争。注意:agree往往暗示原先意见有分歧,经协商或讨论后达成一致;approve 指对某人某事感到是正确的或令人满意的;consent多用来指上下级的关系,指同意或答应某人已经提出或可能要做的事情。

[分析]词义辨析。

作品,着述;B·artistic艺术的,艺术(家)的;C·reasoning推理; 文学的,从事写作的,文艺的。此句意为:毕加索的艺术天分在他开始画素描的少年时代就已体现。

[分析]习惯用法。

as用作关系代词,代替的是measures,引导非限定性定语从句,意为政府采取的措施。

Part2

[分析]名词辨析。

With an assumption Of authority假装权威的样子。A. air 外观,样子;with an air of authority带着一副发号施令的样子,假定,推想; 外观,外表,侧重指所能看到的人或物的外表,有时有表里不一之意;D,face表情,外观(有脸色、面容,外貌之意)。

[分析]词义辨析。

by the same token由于同样的原因,同样地;by rule按照规则,墨守成规地; symbolically象征性地,moreover而且,此外;by logic按逻辑。

[分析]词义辨析。

in a trance出神,着迷,发呆。 a special position处于特殊位置; a cozy state 处在一种舒适/安逸/惬意的状态中, a sleepy state处在困倦的状态中;

a meditative state处在一种沉思/冥想的状态中。

[分析]词义辨析。

the élite出类拔萃的人(集团),精英。 thought of as the best people被认作是最杰出的人; intellectuals知识分子; white-collar people白领人士; officials官员,公务员。

[分析]动词辨析。

embellished修饰,装饰。A。made制做,制造;装饰; 缝制;改进,改良。

[分析]形容词辨析。

felt cheap感到惭愧,觉得身体不舒服;在此cheap是形容词,表示“可鄙的,低劣的”。A. felt inferior and ashamed感到自卑和羞愧; not worthwhile of doing something感到做某事不值得; bad about doing something对做某事感到抱歉、不安; unhappy about doing something对做某事感到不满。

[分析]形容词辨析。

ad hoc形容词或副词:特别的(地),临机应变的(地),为此时此地某一特定目的(的)。

另外的,附加的;

政府的,政府管辖的,C special特别的,专门的;组织的。

Dichotomy二分法,一分为二。A. division into two parts分为两部分;

of two parts两部分的结合或合并,C disparity(职位、数量、质量等)不一致,不同,不等,反驳,矛盾。

[分析]形容词辨析。

all-purpose万用的,万能的。 out竭尽全力的,万能的,多才多艺的,多面手的;多产的,丰富的,有能力的,能干的。[分析]名词辨析。

stalemate僵局。案例,情形;僵局;斗争,冲突,

反驳,矛盾。

[分析]动词辨析。

Compounded加重。A. off set弥补,抵消;B,intensified加强,加剧,C. diminishe 减少,贬低; 废除,取消。

[分析]名词辨析。

downside消极面,负面影响。失败,故障;下面,内面, C drawback缺点,弊病,障碍;结果,影响;着重表示某件事情所造成的结果,常带有不良后果之意。

[分析]固定搭配。

Was in the bag十拿九稳,一定成功。 sure to be made稳操胜券;

considered正在考虑中;

their secret weapon是他们的秘密武器;

their last resort是他们的最后手段。

[分析]名词辨析。

calling职业,行业。A. divine summons神的召唤; career政治生涯;

职业,专业;

transaction商贸交易。

[分析]动词辨析。

achieve完成,达到。获得,学到;要求,命令; 陪伴,伴随,完成,达到,实现。

Part3

[分析]副词应用。

用来修饰比较级结构的表示程度的副词只能用far,意为“……多”。

[分析]固定搭配。

动词distinguish与from连用;distinguish from区别,辨别。

[分析]语义关系。

本题的意思是“尽管许多行业面临破产,可这家210亿美元的影视软件行业却在蓬勃发展,仅在美国影视发展商就以每年2,500的速度增加。”由此可见,4个选项中只有while有转折的意思。

[分析]结构应用。

此句由and连接两个并列成分,所填选项应与前面were used一样,是一个完整的结构;因此选项 has和 others been均是错误表达; other has been与and前的半句时态不符;只有A. none have been的结构正确。

[分析]不定代词应用。

此句意为:没什么能像观看两个超级制度为了名誉而争更能挑起冷嘲热讽的根据句意,主语应为表否定意义的不定代词nothing,后面的空按逻辑应为like。

41,A[分析]连词应用。

此句意为:我看到有四种压力影响着现今的大学生:来自经济的压力、父母的压力、同龄人的压力以及自己造成的压力。主句先总括,后面分述四种压力,它们是并列的,所以应用并列连词and;or表示否定;nil是名词,意为“零,无”;with是介词。

[分析]结构应用。

此句是虚拟语气用法。动词suggest后要跟虚拟的宾语从句,宾语从句的谓语要用:动词原形或should+动词原形。此句的宾语从句又为被动语态,所以要用 spent on。

此句是一个带有原级比较as…as的句型结构,比较结构后面的as是连接词,不是副词;前一个空白处的比较成分中应有从属连词as,第二个空白处应填入一个和drug词性相同的成分;因此选项A和C均不对;又因“计算机对人类健康带来危害”是科学家的推测,不是既定事实,因此用一般将来时,所以选项D也不对。

[分析]结构应用。

此句是虚拟语气用法。动词demand后要跟虚拟的宾语从句,宾语从句的谓语要用:动词原形或should+动词原形。此句的宾语从句又为被动语态,所以要用completed。

[分析]习惯搭配和结构应用。

“为某事负责”是take responsibility for,所以第一个空要填for,第二个空白处的介词短语与后面的we live构成定语从句修饰world,所填之处应为介词+关系代词构成的介词短语,因表地点world,所以应用in which,只有选项A正确。

[分析]结构应用。’

本句是个并列否定句。either一般不用于否定句中,所以选项D不对;not表否定不需要倒装,所以选项B也不对;nor表否定需要倒装且前半句是一般过去时,所以应用nor did l know…;第二个空白处需要填一个可引导定语从句修饰person的关系代词,在此who合适,所以选项A正确。

[分析]结构应用。

此句是虚拟语气用法。虚拟语气中含有if条件句,主语又为it时,应省略if,句子倒装;又因此句表达的是与过去事实相反的假设,应用过去完成时,所以选项D正确。

[分析]结构应用。

此句是倒装句hardly…when的用法。从属连词no

sooner…than,hardly…when, scarcely…when/before通常需在主句中采用部分倒装的形式。这种句型一直用过去完成时,强调一个动作紧跟在一个动作后面发

生……此句意为“原有的犯罪行为还没得到制裁;新的犯罪行为又出现了。”所以选项A正确。

49,D[分析]结构应用及习惯搭配。

动词“remember十动名词”表示“记起过去做过的一件事”,“remember 十不定式”表示“记住要去做某一件事”;本句意为“我仍能清楚地记得……”,所以应用动名词。第二个空白处因是表达“小心地沿深谷下山’,所以是pick our steps from the mountains down the deep valley,选项D正确。

[分析]结构应用及习惯搭配。

分词作宾语补足语时,要注意主动与被动的关系:如果宾语与宾语补足语之间是主动关系要用现在分词,如是被动关系要用过去分词。本句stop与load之间是被动关系,要用过去分词loaded;第二个空与前面的look表示“看起来像……”,所以用固定搭配look like,选项B正确。

Section 2

[分析]细节题型。

见文中第二句话:Enveloped by an ocean of air consisting of 78%nitrogen and 21%oxygen,the planet is the only one in our solar system known to harbor life.地球由内含78%氮气和21%氧气的大气层包裹,是太阳系中唯一一个已知能够含有生命的星球。其中78%的氮气符合选项“地球大气中氮气含量约占四分之三”。[分析]细节题型。

见文中第四句:Its rapid spin and molten nickel-iron core give rise to an extensive magnetic field which,…地球迅速的自转以及其熔融的镍铁地核引发了广泛的磁场……由此可知地球的磁场是借助于其自身的自转及其熔融的地核引发的,因此答案为c。

[分析]细节题型。

见文中第四句:Its rapid spin and molten nickel-iron core give rise to an extensive magnetic field which,coupled with the atmosphere, shields us from

nearly all of the harmful radiation coming from the Sun and other stars.地球快速的自转以及其熔融的镍铁地核引发了广泛的磁场,再加上大气层,保护我们免受来自太阳及其他星体的几乎所有的有害辐射。由此我们得出:帮助地球免受辐射的两个因素是A.“磁场和大气层”。

[分析]推断题型。

见文中倒数第二句:The planet's active geological processes have left no evidence of the ancient pelting it almost certainly received soon after it was formed.地球活跃的地质作用使得地球从其形成之时起就没留下以往那些曾遭受撞击的痕迹。由此得知以往那些曾遭受撞击的痕迹是由于地球自然的地质作用而消除的,因此答案为D。

[分析]主旨题型。

概括性的结论是主旨题的答案。而选项A.“地球上有维系生命的特征。”、B.“地球表面主要是水。”、D.“地球是唯一有卫星的星体。”均为具体信息或细节,不能概括全文。选项C.“地球与其他星球有着不同的特征。”则涵盖了全文的信息,并与文中第一句“从太空看,地球与众不同的特征为----有着蓝色的水面和白云。”相吻合。[分析]推断题型。

从Most meteors burn up in the Earth's atmosphere before they can strike the planet's active geological processes have left no evidence of the ancient pelting it almost certainly received soon after it was formed.(大多数的流星在撞击地球表面之前就已在大气层中烧毁,而地球活跃的地质作用使得地球从其形成之时起就没留下以往那些曾遭受撞击的痕迹。)这两句中推知地球在过去还

是遭受过流星撞击的,因此C为答案。

[分析]细节题型。

见文中第三、四句:More recent threats to life forms are humans and their activities,Man has drained marshes,burned prairies,dammed and diverted rivers.各种生物近期遇到的威胁更多来自于人类:人类耗干了湿地、烧毁了大草原、筑坝并让河流改道。因此C.“人类生活环境变迁的一种形式是在河流上筑坝。”为答案,其余A.“冰川侵蚀”、B.“飓风”和D.“暴风雪”均是自然现象。

[分析]细节题型。

见文中第五句:Some of the more recent casualties of man's expansion have been the dodo,great auk,passenger pigeon,Irish Steller’s sea cow.近期人类扩张所造成的一些受害者有:渡渡鸟、大海雀、候鸽、爱尔兰麋鹿及

Steller’s海象。本题所问:“由于人类破坏已经灭绝的物种是……”,应为“爱尔兰麋鹿”。

[分析]推断题型。

本段提到了由于生态环境的变迁和人类活动的破坏等因素造成了一些物种的灭绝;段尾提到由国会授权,美国渔业及野生动物署实施挽救濒危物种计划且提到这一计划的主要目标。根据逻辑推理,下段应提及政府实施这一计划所带来的变化,因此选项C.“政府实施这一计划所带来的成就。”应为答案。

[分析]态度题型。

本文的语气从文章作者所持的态度来看是支持保护野生动植物的,因此选项

B.“亲……野生动植物的”是答案。

[分析]推断题型。

文中提到More recent threats to life forms are humans and their activities…, Some of the more recent casualties of man's expansion have been the dodo, great auk,passenger pigeon,Irish elk,and Steller’s sea cow.各种生物近期遇到的威胁更多来自于人类。……近期人类扩张所造成的一些受害者有:渡渡鸟、大海雀、候鸽、爱尔兰麋鹿及Steller’s海象。因此根据本文,我们能推断出人类是造成某些动物灭绝的原因,所以A是答案。

[分析]是非题型。

文中提到Many species are dying out because of exploitation,habitat alteration or destruction,pollution,or the introduction of new species of plants and animals

to an area.许多物种灭绝是由于人类的开发,栖息地的变更或毁灭,污染或新的动、植物物种的传人。因此选项A. exploitation、和C. habitat alteration均是导致野生动物总数持续下降的原因,只有选项 law不是原因,故是本题答案。

·[分析]推断题型。

见文中第二句:If 14 parts of gold are mixed with lo parts of base metal,the combination

is called l4-Karat(14K)gold.如果将14份黄金与10份普通金属混合,它们的化合物即14K金。由此可推论24K金应为24份黄金与10份普通金属混合。所以选项B.“如果一只戒指上刻24K,它应含有24份黄金。”是答案。

[分析]细节题型。

见文中:The lowest Karat gold that can be marketed in the United States is lO-Karat gold.能够在美国市场上交易的黄金最低含金量不能低于10K。因此选项D.

“10K的黄金是美国能够上市的最低级别的黄金。”是答案。

[分析]细节题型。

见文中:If there is a Karat quality mark,next to it must be the trademark of the person or company that will stand behind the mark…·如果黄金饰品上标有开/K纯度的质量标志,紧挨这个标志的后面一定要有某个在美国注册的个人或公司的商标。选项B与此同义,故为答案。

[分析]细节题型。

详解见63题。

[分析]推断题型。

本段的主要内容是介绍了K/开的含义,及黄金饰品上应有的标识;因此可推断出它为消费者提供了重要的购买信息。本题也可用排除法做,选项B.“本段为消费者提供了购买更多黄金的挑战。”C.“本段为消费者提供了有关黄金价格的思考。”D.“本段为消费者提供了购买银器的建议。”均不符文中之意。

[分析]词义题型。

文中最后一句的Stamping Act指印花税法,即C项所说的“制订印花税授权的法令”;而不是A项所说的税收规则,B项所说的一项法规和D项所说的一种手段。

[分析]细节题型。

见文中:Beta blockers are prescription drugs which have been around for 25 years.β—受体阻滞药是一种已存在25年左右的处方类药。既是处方药,当然要从医生处获得了。

[分析]细节题型。

见文中最后一句:Since there can be side effects from these beta blockers, physicians are not ready to prescribe them routinely for all test-takers.由于β-受体阻滞药可能存在副作用,所以医生们并不愿意给所有的考试者当常规药来开。由此得知是由于此药的副作用,医生们并不经常开;所以B是答案。

[分析]推断题型。

根据对以上几题的解析,可排除选项A和B。又根据文中These drugs seem to help test-takers who have low scores because of test fright,but not those who do not know the material.(此类药似乎有助于那些由于怯场而导致分数低的考试者,却不能帮助那些不了解考试内容的人。)可推断出D是正确答案。

[分析]词义题型。

见文中:…to reduce the anxiety of these students who had already been tested,he gave 22 of them a beta blocker before re-administration of the test.为减轻这些已参加过测试的学生的焦虑,他给其中22人服用了β-受体阻滞药,然后又给他们做了次测试。因此选项B.“一组人(22人)服用β-受体阻滞药后再给两组做了次测试”是正确答案。

[分析]是非题型,可用排除法。

由文中These medications,which interfere with the effects of adrenalin,have been used for heart conditions and for minor stress such as stage they are used

for test anxiety.两句可知A、C、D选项均有提及,所以答案为B。

[分析]细节题型。

见文中:These medications,which interfere with the effects of adrenalin,…这

些用来舒缓心境和较小压力如怯场的药物会干扰肾上腺素……,可知B为答案。[分析]细节题型。

从文中前四句得知,“将30名参加过测试的学生分成实验组和对比组,让实验组的22名学生服用了β-受体阻滞药(而8名对比组的学生没有服用),然后又对他们进行次测试;结果服药的学生成绩提高显着,没服药的学生成绩只略有提高;全国范围内的实验结果也证明第二次参加测试的学生成绩均有提高,与没服药的学生类似。”因此选项D.“Faugel的研究表明服药学生的成绩比全国范围内的实验结果中(没服药的)学生成绩高出许多。”是答案。

Section 3[采分点解析]

[分析]词语搭配。

Be confused about感到困惑,弄糊涂。

[分析]语境搭配。

The type of communication之间需接一个形容词;且此句意为:“许多人认为大众传播是信息传递的模式,但它仅是信息传递的一种类型。”根据语境,空格处应填only。

[分析]结构搭配。

根据结构分析,that引导了一个对messages的具体内容进行说明的同位语从句;

(3)处的词应与are构成从句的谓语,(4)处应填名词性的词或词组。句意为:大众传播的研究主要集中在通过,如:电视、报纸和广播的信息上。故(4)处应填“大众传媒”,(3)处应填“传播”。

media[分析]结构搭配。

见上题。

[分析)语境搭配。

前文提到:大众传播只是信息传递的一种模式;大众传播的研究主要集中在上。因此本句“对与它相对应的其他模式信息传递的研究则集中在上”空格处应填communication(信息传递)。

[分析]结构搭配。

根据结构分析,本句主语为Some of the major contexts,(6)处应为谓语动词, 而宾语又为几种不同的context,所以判断应填include(包含)。

[分析]语境搭配。

根据结构判断此处应填形容词;又根据语境得知此处的这种交流,研究的是诸如已婚夫妇间的,应属interpersonal(人与人间的)。

cope[分析]词语搭配。

此处应填动词,且与with搭配,表示“调查已婚夫妇如何处理误解以及这些误解对他们婚姻满意程度的影响”,因此应填deal/cope。

[分析]语境搭配。

根据上下文,既是对婚姻满意的程度,此处的形容词应为marital。

[分析]语境搭配。

本句意为:研究组织间交流的学者可能研究的是管理者及其下属之间所使用的交流方式是如何影响公司或工厂的生产力和效率的。另从句子结构看,此处是个引导宾语从句的连词,因此应填how。

[分析)语境搭配。

根据结构判断此处应填形容词,又根据语境得知此句意为:不同文化间的交流是一种研究领域,是结合不同学科如:社会心理学、社会学、人类文化学、社会语言学、当然还有传播学的研究。所填形容词应表示“跨学科”的,所以应填interdisciplinary。

[分析]词语搭配。

见上句。因为是举例,又与as搭配,所以填such。

[分析]结构搭配。

根据结构判断此处应填副词,前面又有定冠词the和one of修饰,所以应为副词的最高级,根据句意,应填most。

[分析]语境搭配。

既是跨文化学者研究的,当然应是不同文化间的人们应如何消除或减少误解,所以此处应填的动词应为minimized。

[分析]语境搭配。

见上句。既是不同文化间的人际交流,different后当然应填,cultures了。

affect[分析]语境搭配。

此句意为:我们要了解不同文化间的交流过程,就要研究不同的文化背景是如何影响人们之间的交流行为的。所以此处应填的动词应为influence或affect。

[分析]语境搭配。

所填名词意为:(新的研究)领域,又与句首area同义,所以应为field。

concentrate[分析]词语搭配。

与on搭配,表示“致力于/专注于”,应为focus或concentrate。

do[分析]词语搭配。

所填之词应与research搭配且和and前的teach平行,可填conduct或do。[分析]语境搭配。

前文谈及:跨文化学者致力于研究不同文化间的人们应如何消除或减少误解,所以此处这些中国学者工作的重要在于他们未来将有助于促进中美人民之间的了解。答案应为understanding。

Section 4

考试大纲调整后,此模块已被取消,因此不做具体讲解。

2003年12月英语三级《笔译实务》试题答案及详解

参考译文及采分点解析

Party 1 英译汉(70分)

Passage 1

[参考译文]

如果你从未见过一座发电厂,你可能很难想象发电设备是多么复杂,锅炉能产生多么巨大的热量,而炉子每天又是需要烧多少煤。

举例说,我们的一座发电厂——摩根顿发电厂——的各台锅炉一天中就能把二千四百万加仑的水化为蒸汽。这座电厂的炉子一天之内就消耗九千九百吨煤。波多马克电力公司(PEPCO)用煤量如此巨大,以致我们专门购置了两列八十节车皮的火车以加速输送煤的过程。仅仅一座摩根顿电厂就能每天生产二千五百万千瓦小时的电。

电是靠使大型磁铁在发电机内的线圈里面转动而产生的。磁铁转速愈高,产生的

电压就愈高。电流从波多马克电力公司的发电机出来时,其电压在13,800伏至24, 000伏之间。

下一道程序是使电流通过一个变压器,把电压提升,并使电继续向前进。一根导线就象一根小口径的水管。把电压升高就象给水加压一样,这样一来就会使这个系统中能量的运动加快。

[采分点解析]

you have never seen a power plant,you might find it hard to imagine how enormously

complex the equipment is or how much heat is generated by the boilers or how much coal

it takes to fuel the furnaces for just one day .如果你从未见过一座发电厂,你可能很难想象发电设备是多么复杂,锅炉能产生多么巨大的热量,而炉子每天又是需要烧多少煤。

[分析]基本素质采分点与理解结构采分点。

power plant固定词组:发电厂;the equipment根据上下文译成“发电设备”;本句中主句的谓语动词find后是形式宾语it,而真正的宾语是动词不定式to。imagine…;而imagine后有三个宾语从句,翻译时要用换序译法(将真正宾语提前)、断句译法(将三个how从句断开译);还有转态译法即本句中的被动语态译成汉语时要变成主动(how much heat is generated)。

the course of a day,the boilers at one of our power plants, Morgantown,for example,can turn 24 million gallons of water into steam .举例说,我们的一座发电厂——摩根顿发电厂——的各台锅炉一天中就能把二千四百万加仑的水化为蒸汽。

[分析]理解结构采分点。

翻译中要注意措词的变换,有时需将笼统的变成具体的,形象的变成抽象的,反之亦然;本句中的the boilers就应译成具体的“各台锅炉”。

generating plant alone uses 9,900 tons of coal in its furnaces in just one Electric Power Company(PEPCO) uses so much coal that we have purchased two 80-car unit trains to facilitate the delivery process.这座电厂的炉子一天之内就消耗九千九百吨煤。波多马克电力公司(PEPCO)用煤量如此巨大,以致我们专门购置了两列八十节车皮的火车以加速输送煤的过程。

[分析]理解结构采分点。

翻译中要根据需要增减词义,使得译文语意完整;还要注意语序的调整,使得句子的指代清楚。如本句:That generating plant alone uses 9,900 tons of coal in its furnaces in just one 中的划线部分就可译成:这座电厂的炉子……; so…that句式中要调整好语序;two 80-carunittrainstOfacilitatethedeliveryprocess中数词后要按汉语习惯加上量词, to facilitate the delivery,process也要说清楚是“加速输送煤的过程”。

Morgantown alone can produce over 25 million kilowatt hours of electricity in a single d ay’s operation.仅仅一座摩根顿电厂就能每天生产二千五百万千瓦小时的电。

[分析]用词选词采分点。

上面提到翻译中要根据需要增减词义,使得译文语意完整;本句中的in a single day’s operation .中的划线词在翻译中可不译出。

faster we spin the magnets ,the higher will be the voltage of the electricity produced .磁铁转速愈高,产生的电压就愈高。

[分析]理解结构采分点。

本句是the faster…the higher比较级结构,可用换序译法;同时前半句中的人称代词不要译出,可使句子的表达更为客观。

leaves a PEPCO generator at between l3,800 and 24,000 volts.电

流从波多马克电力公司的发电机出来时,其电压在13,800伏至24,000伏之间。

[分析]理解结构采分点。

本句可用断句法翻译。当电流从……发电机输出时,其电压在13,800伏至24,000伏之间。

next step in the process occurs when electricity passes through a transformer where the voltage is stepped up to continue on its journey.下一道程序是使电流通过一个变压器,把电压提升,并使电继续向前进。

[分析)理解结构采分点。

本句中的被动结构若直译,则不符合汉语习惯,因此将被动变主动:the voltage is stepped up把电压提升;后面的目的状语也可用断句译法来译。

Passage 2

[参考译文]

由于飞机制造工业需要越来越多的铝板,已设计了新的设备把制造铝板的工序自动化。这套设备包括一个巨型的热处理炉,一架可以起吊热的金属板而不至于损坏它们的吊车和一套能控制整个工艺流程的计算机系统。

五年前,欧洲的飞机制造工业每年只需要8,000吨铝板。去年这个数字增加到21, 800吨。到2004年它将达到30,000吨。每架民航飞机就含有180吨铝板。因此正在对这套设备进行改建,以便提高产品的质量和产量。

铝与其他金属一起被制成合金,铸成锭子,并且把锭子的表面光洁化。预热之后,锭子在一架可以容纳米宽的平板的轧机中进行轧制。这套新设备可使这个工序提高效率,并能改进产品的质量。举例说,铝板加热的温度,铝板通过轧机的速度,以及用水对它进行冷却的速度等等,都由计算机控制。

由于工序全部自动化和使用计算机控制,这套新设备能够处理两倍于被它代替的旧设备的产量。

[采分点解析]

the air craft industry needs ever-increasing quantities of aluminium plate,new equipment has been designed to automate the making of includes a huge heat—treatment furnace,a crane that lift shot metal plates without damaging them,and a computer system that can manage the complete of flow of work.由于飞机制造工业需要越来越多的铝板,已设计了新的

设备把制造铝板的工序自动化。这套设备包括一个巨型的热处理炉,一架可以起吊热的金属板而不至于损坏它们的吊车和一套能控制整个工艺流程的计算机系统。

[分析]理解结构采分点。

第一句的主句采用了转态译法和换序译法,即将句子的结构由被动变为主动,词序也作相应的调整:new equipment has been designed译成“已设计了新的设备”,to automate the making of it译成“把制造铝板的工序自动化”;第二句开始的it,要译出它所指代的是什么,以免读者不知所云;后面的a crane和a computer system各带了一个定语从句,在翻译中要注意它们的位置;在此只须将它们放到被修饰的名词前即可:“一架可以起吊热的金属板而又不至于损坏它们的吊车和一套能控制整个工艺流程的计算机系统。”

2004 it should total 30,000 tons.到2004年它将达到30,000吨。

[分析]用词选词采分点。

total译为:总数将达到。

is why the plant is being rebuilt to increase both the quality and the amount of its product.

因此正在对这套设备进行改建,以便提高产品的质量和产量。

[分析]理解结构采分点。

本句的翻译要用转态译法:the plant is being rebuilt(正在对这套设备进行改建);断句译法:the plant is being rebuilt to increase both the quality and the amount of“its product.(正在对这套设备进行改建,以便提高产品的质量和产量)和措辞变换That is why…(因此);to increase both the quality and the amount of its product.(以便提高产品的质量和产量);both按中文习惯不译出。

is alloyed with other metals and cast into ingots,and the surface of the ingots is smoothed off.铝与其他金属一起被制成合金,铸成锭子,并且把锭子的表面光洁化。

[分析]理解结构采分点。

本句中有三个并列的被动语态结构,翻译时要根据上下文的不同而变换译法:第一个被动结构不变:铝与其他金属一起被制成合金;第二个被动结构译为主动:铸成铝锭;第三个被动结构也译为主动:把铝锭的表面光洁化。

new plant can handle twice the throughput of the one that it is replacing,thanks to the completely automated and computerized process .

由于工序全部自动化和使用计算机控制,这套新设备能够处理两倍于被它代替的旧设备的产量。

[分析]理解结构采分点。

因为汉语习惯将原因放在前面,翻译时将原因状语提前。the new plant 按上下文应译成“这套新设备”;定语从句the one that让is replacing翻译时放到被修饰词前,变成一个定语短语。

Part 2 汉译英(30' )

On the Cultivation of the Imagination

I address these words in favor of the cultivation of the imagination.

In what sense, then, do I use the word

That is the sense in which I shall use the word

Now follow out this thought and I think I can make my meaning clear. Absent things!

Take history. History deals with the things of the past. They are absent in a sense, from

your minds -- that is to say you cannot see them; but the study of history qualifies you

and strengthens your capacity for understanding things that are not present to you, and

thus I wish to recommend history to you as a most desirable course of study.

[采分点解析]

1.我的讲话是主张培养想象力。I address these words in favor of the cultivation of the imagination.

[分析]理解表达采分点。

英语中为了强调目的,常用目的状语来表达;本句中的“主张”可以译成介词短语in favor of作状语;原句(汉语中)的主系表结构在英语中用主谓宾结构十状语来表达。

2.“想象力”一词的定义是:“构思出理想图画的能力”;“向自己或他人描述不在眼

英语三级考试模拟题及答案

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