高考英语新名词知识点专项训练解析含答案(5)

高考英语新名词知识点专项训练解析含答案(5)

一、选择题

1．Childhood ________ often play a big part in shaping one’s character .

A．courses B．experiences C．effects D．records

2．The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with the

latest_______ in Shanghai in August.

A．exploration B．exclusion C．expansion D．explosion 3．Determination is the most important of all the ____________ because without determination, you will end up doing nothing.

A．tactics B．virtues C．emotions

4．In old China, parents demanded complete ____________ from their children.

A．ambition B．obedience C．education

5．Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking. A．command B．control C．charge D．possession 6．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value

7．Tony put on soft music and turned down the lights in order to give a more relaxed ____ at home.

A．view B．attitude C．style D．atmosphere

8．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster

9．Be sure to read the ______ in the guidebook before you begin to use the new computer. A．instructions B．solution C．descriptions D．message

10．This unjust _______ of people on the basis of skin color was challenged. A．determination B．adaptation C．separation D．submission

11．If violence is not kept in check by bringing the guilty to ____, matters will go beyond what the public can tolerate.

A．equality B．justice C．regulation D．liberation

12．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health.

A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief 13．Hawking owned a brilliant intellect with a deep ____ for humanity, which enabled him to overcome his terrible disease and become a famous scientist.

A．aid B．concern C．glory D．basis 14．American English has so many_________because the American people have come from all over the world.

A．grammar B．vocabulary C．pronunciations D．dialects 15．Being a soldier, he has a strong sense of ________.

A．desire B．discipline C．force D．privacy

16．The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal is needed to better protect the environment.

A．currency B．framework C．allowance D．occupation

17．How much does it cost to put satellite into____________？

A．gas B．orbit C．chemicals D．vapors 18．Modem TVs use many of the ________ first discovered by Farnsworth, who contributed a lot to the development of TV

A．platforms B．principles C．sources D．symptoms 19．Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________．

A．consequence B．independence

C．competence D．intelligence

20．A _______ will be paid to anyone who brings back the money Mr. Brown lost,

according to the advertisement.

A．price B．profit C．reward D．salary

21．The good news that he got a_________to Senior Editor brought great happiness to his family. A．prospect B．promotion C．priority D．privilege

22．One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have___________ to places like shops and restaurants.

A．method B．access C．way D．means

23．If you can't find a ladder,use a strong chair as a ___________.

A．replace B．substitute C．choice D．chance

24．On _________ that all go smoothly, we can realize our annual goals as expected. A．situation B．case C．condition D．environment 25．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually.

A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除

一、选择题

1．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：童年经历往往在塑造一个人的性格方面起着很大的作用。A. courses课程；B. experiences经历；C. effects影响；D. records记录。结合句意表示“童年经历”，故选B。

2．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：自动驾驶智能巴士已经在中国10个城市投入运营，最新的一次扩展是今年8月在上海。A. exploration探索，勘探；B. exclusion排外；C. expansion扩大，扩展；D. explosion爆炸。根据句意及选项，此处是说自动驾驶智能巴士最新一次投入使用是在上海。故选C。

3．B

解析：B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：决心是所有品行中最重要的，因为没有决心，你将一事无成。

A. tactics策略；

B. virtues美德，品行；

C. emotions情绪。根据常识可知，决定是一种品行，故选B。

4．B

解析：B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：在旧中国，父母要求子女绝对服从。A. ambition雄心；B. obedience顺从；C. education教育。根据常识，以前父母要求子女是绝对服从，故选B。5．D

解析：D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义和短语辨析。句意：没有许可证而拥有武器的人被认为违法。A. command命令；B. control 控制；C. charge负责；D. possession拥有。根据句意可知，此处固定短语in possession of“拥有”符合语境。故选D。

6．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：够了！这里没人认为你说的话有任何意义。A. excuse借口，理由；

B. sense感知；

C. use使用；

D. value价值。固定搭配：make any sense讲不通，有任何意义，结合句意。故选B。

【点睛】

make构成的短语

make up 组成，构成，化妆，编造，和好如初；be made of 由---构成（能看出原材料）；be made from由---构成（不能看出原材料）； be made into 被制成了---；be made up of 由---组

成；be made in由某地制成； make friends 交朋友； make preparations for 为---做准备；make oneself done 使某人自己被---。

这些都是make的常用，常考短语，记住并能在语境中准确使用，本题考查的是make和sense的搭配。

7．D

解析：D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：托尼放了柔和的音乐，把灯调暗，以便使家里的气氛更轻松。

A. view视野，风景；

B. attitude态度；

C. style风格；

D. atmosphere气氛。根据语境及选项分析可知，此处指更轻松的“氛围”。故选D。

8．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉父母我的问题时，我肩上的重担减轻了。A. burden负担；B. risk冒险；C. hole洞；D. disaster灾难。根据句意及选项可知，此处使用“负担减轻”符合题意。故选A。

9．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：在你使用新电脑前，一定要阅读说明书上的说明。A. instructions指示，说明；B. solution解决方法；C. descriptions描述；D. message信息。结合句意可知，此处用“说明”符合语境，故选A项。

10．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种以肤色为基础的不公正的种族隔离受到了挑战。A. determination决心；B. adaptation适应；C. separation隔离，分离；D. submission投降，提交。结合句意表示“分离”应用separation。故选C。

11．B

解析：B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不能通过将罪犯绳之以法来制止暴力，事情将超出公众所

能忍受的范围。A. equality平等；B. justice正义；C. regulation管理；D. liberation解放。根据句意及选项可知，此处使用名词justice。故选B。

12．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：我们都知道，饮食和健康之间有密切的联系。A. connection联系；B. evidence证据；C. power力量，能力；D. belief信念，信仰。此处指饮食和健康两者的联系，故选A。

13．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：霍金有聪明的才智，对人性有着深切的关怀，这使得他能够克服严重的疾病成为一个著名的科学家。A. aid帮助；B. concern关心；C. glory荣耀；D. basis基础。根据句意可知，此处用“关心”符合语境，故选B项。

14．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：美式英语有很多方言，因为美国人来自世界各地。A.grammar

译为语法；B.vocabulary词汇；C.pronunciations发音；D.dialects方言”。根据题干中“come from all over the world”，可知美国是由来自世界各地的人组成，所以有很多方

言。故选D项。

15．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名战士，他有很强的纪律性。A. desire欲望；B. discipline纪律；C. force力量；D. privacy隐私。结合上文Being a soldier可知形容士兵应当是有很强的“纪律性”，故选B。

16．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：会议上的报告详细分析了为什么需要一个新的法律框架来整好地保护环境。A. currency通货；B. framework框架；C. allowance津贴；D. occupation职业。根据语境和各选项分析可知，故B项正确。

17．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：把卫星放入轨道要花费多少钱？A. gas气体；B. orbit轨道；C. chemicals化学物质；D. vapors水蒸气。根据 satellite可知，此处用“轨道”符合句意，故选B项。

18．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：现代电视使用了最初由Farnsworth发现的许多原理，他对电视的发展做出了很大贡献。A. platforms平台；B. principles原则；C. sources来源；D. symptoms症状。根据句意可知，现代电视利用了由Farnsworth发现的原理，故选B。19．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师们要不断地更新自己的知识以保持他们能够胜任工作的能力。A. consequence 结果； B. independence独立； C. competence 资格，能力，胜任，称职；D. intelligence 智力。根据句意，C项符合此处语境。故选C。

20．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：据广告上说，能将布朗先生丢失的钱找回来的人将得到奖赏。

A. price价格；

B. profit利润；

C. reward奖赏；

D. salary工资。根据who brings back the money Mr. Brown lost以及结合生活常识，可知有人帮失主找回丢失的财物，应该是获得“奖赏”。故选C。

21．B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他晋升为高级编辑的好消息给他的家人带来了极大的快乐。A. prospect前途；B. promotion升职，晋升；C. priority优先权；D. privilege特权。结合后文to Senior Editor brought great happiness to his family.可知此处指晋升（promotion）为高级编辑的好消息给他的家人带来了极大的快乐。get a promotion“得到晋升”。故选B。

22．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：她喜欢城市生活的一个原因是她可以去商店和餐馆之类的地方。 A. method方法；B. access机会、通道；C. way方法；D. means方法。我们用“have access to”表达“可以到达、有机会”这一含义，满足句意“她可以去这些地方”。故此

题选B。

23．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你找不到梯子，就用一把结实的椅子代替。根据句意可知，如果找不到梯子就用椅子作为代替品。A. replace代替，取代；B. substitute代替，代用品；C. choice选择； D. chance机会。这里指用椅子代替梯子。值得注意的是，选项A. replace作“代替，取代”解时为动词，不符合语境，故排除，因此选B。

24．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果一切顺利，我们就能按预期实现我们的年度目标。A. situation形势；B. case情况；C. condition状况；D. environment环境。on condition that是固定搭配，意为“如果……、在……条件下”，分析句意可知，我们实现我们的年度目标的条件是一切顺利，故此题选C。

25．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个邻国最终在边界问题上达成了和解。A. Accumulation.积累；B. compensation补偿；C. accommodation调节，和解；D. ambition野心。根据句意可知，此处是指达成和解。故选C。

2016年上海市高考英语试卷及答案

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2018高考英语核心考点

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高考英语名词知识点综合练习(1)

高考英语名词知识点综合练习(1) 一、选择题 1．The system has been meant to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library. A．access B．passage C．way D．approach 2．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price. A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation 3．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A．discount B．dictation C．favor 4．Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking. A．command B．control C．charge D．possession 5．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value 6．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster 7．Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic _________. A．sign B．signal C．mark D．symbol 8．—In spring, hens start laying eggs again, bringing a welcome source of protein. —It is ____ that lots of cultures celebrate spring by honoring the egg! A．no doubt B．no surprise C．no way D．no need 9．The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products. A．conservation B．imagination C．presentation D．qualification 10．If violence is not kept in check by bringing the guilty to ____, matters will go beyond what the public can tolerate. A．equality B．justice C．regulation D．liberation 11．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually. A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition 12．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health. A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief 13．To those of you who received honors, awards, and ____, I say, well done. And to the average students, I say, you, too, can be President of the United States. A．distinctions B．contributions C．solutions D．attractions 14．People’s____of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up policy(政策)was carried out in China. A．quantity B．quality C．activity D．reality 15．During the early ____________of planetary evolution, they served to sweep the solar system. A．stages B．journeys C．species D．demands

上海高考英语新题型集锦

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