初三英语复习课 UNIT 4

UNIT 4

Ⅰ.词性转换。

1〃ever[adv.]→（op.）never[adv.]

2〃mad[adj.]- madder – maddest→madness[n.]

3〃hard-working[adj.]→(op.)lazy – lazier –laziest

4〃luck[n.]→lucky[adj.]→(op.)unlucky

luckily [adv.]→(op.)unluckily

(sym.) fortunate [adj.]→fortunately[adv.]→(op.) unfortunately

5〃bad/badly/ill – worse – worst

6〃true[adj.]→truly[adv.]→truth[n.]

7〃disappoint[v.]→disappointing[adj.] 、disappointed[adj.]

8〃own[adj.]→owner[n.]业主，物主

9〃village[n.]→villager[n.]

10〃thin[adj.]- thinner –thinnest (op.)thick

11〃decide[v.]→decision[n.]

决定做某事decide to do; make a decision to do; make up one’s mind to do 12〃start[n.& v.]→（sym.）beginning 开始，开端

13〃peace[n.]→peaceful[adj.]

14〃care[v.& n.]→careful[adj.]→carefully[adv.] careless

care for = take care of = look after

care about 关心，在乎

15〃danger[n.]→dangerous[adj.]

16〃health[n.]→healthy[adj.]

17〃graduate[v.]→graduation[n.]

18〃写出下列动词的过去式。

suppose→get→

copy→eat→

Ⅱ.重点词组、句型。

1．为某人举行一个惊喜的聚会have a surprise party for sb.

2．在肥皂剧里on soap operas

3．对某人发火be mad at sb.(about sth.)= be angry with sb.(at sth.) 4．不再not…any more = no more = not…any longer = no longer

5．在周五晚上on Friday night 在晚上in the evening = at night

【总结】①on+日、星期或特定某日中的一段时间

e.g. on July 10; on Friday; on the morning of last Sunday

②in + 一日中的早晨、下午、晚上、周、季节、年份、世纪。

e.g. in the afternoon; in a week (year, century)，in summer

③at + 点钟、一日中的黎明、中午、黄昏、半夜。

e.g. at six; at dawn (noon, midnight)

④当某月某日上（下）午或晚上之前有early, late 等修饰时，不用on 而用in。

e.g. early in the morning of May 4th; 或in the early morning of May 4th

⑤如果时间词前面有next, this , last, every等修饰语时，通常不用介词。

6. 带……到……bring sth. to sw.

7.把消息传给某人pass the message to sb./ take a message for sb./ give a message to sb./ leave a message/ pass on the message

8.擅长于……，在……方面做得好do well in = be good at

更善于……do better in = be better at

9.在公共汽车站见面meet at the bus stop station

10.感冒have/ catch/ take/ get a cold 重感冒have a bad cold

11.期末考试end-of-year exam = final exam

12.学校寄来的信the envelope from school in the mail

13.做某事困难、费劲have a hard time doing sth./ have a hard time with sth.

14.目前、暂时for now

15.与get相关的词组：

克服get over

和睦相处get on/ along with 上车get on 下车get off

起床get up

逃脱，避开（责任，惩罚）get away

开始着手工作或讨论get down to +(n./doing) 逃脱（税或责任）；逐渐改变（习惯）get out of ①get + adj.

Our country is getting more and more powerful.

In summer, the weather doesn’t get dark until 7 o’clock.

②get + sb. + to do使某人做某事

We should get our teacher to come.

③get + sb.(sth.)+ doing让某人（物）行动起来。

Who can get the machine running? 谁能启动这台机器？

16.养成一个坏习惯start a bad habit

给某人人生一个良好的开端give a good start in life

17.做她自己的工作do her own work

独立地；独自地，没有任何帮助地on one’s own =by oneself

18.把某人送到某地send sb. to sw. = take sb. to sw.

19.对某人来说是个新的经历be a new experience for sb.

体验不同的事物experience different things

20.海平面以上（以下）above（below）the sea level

21.开阔学生的视野open up the students’ eyes

22.对某人造成影响have an influence on sb.

23.I have a favor to ask you. 我想请你帮帮忙。

请某人帮忙have a favor to ask sb. = have/ ask a favor of sb.

24．both…and…[可接名词、形容词、动词等] 两者都；既……又……

either …or…或者……或者……；是……还是……；不是……就是……（可以并列主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语或定语。）

注意：[并列主语，需要谓语遵循邻近一致原则]

e.g. Either you or he has to go there. 或者是你或者是他得去那儿。

25. finish + n./ doing (不能跟不定式!)

只能跟动词ing形式的动词：

enjoy、can’t help、avoid、feel like、keep (on)、practice等。

26. after

(1). 用作介词，与一段时间连用,表示“在…之后”。

注意它与in的区别：after表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后，且通常与过去时态连用；而in 则表示以现在为起点的一段时间以后。

He came back after two days. 他两天后就回来了。

He will come back in two days. 他过两天就回来。

但after 若是与一时间点连用，则既可与过去时态也可与将来时态连用。

He came back after 4 o’clock. 他是四点钟以后回来的。

He will come back after next month. 他将在下个月以后回来。

(2). 用作连词引导时间状语从句。

注意：若主句用将来时态(或含有将来意味)，则时间状语从句要用一般现在时(有时也用现在完成时)表将来意义。

【注意】①具有以上性质的时间连词还有when, as soon as, until 等以及条件连词if。

②选择一般现时或现在完成时(表示将来意义)的基本原则是：如果强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成，则用现在完成时；如果强调主从句动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生(尤其是当从句的谓语动词是get, arrive, see, hear, leave, return等表示迅速完成的动作的动词时)，多用一般现在时(有时两种时态都可以)。例如：

I’ll leave after he comes back. 他回来后我就走。

I’ll tell him after you leave (have left). 你走了之后我再告诉他。

有时以连词after引导的时间状语从句可以换成一个以介词after引导介词短语或以连词after引导的分词短语，而意义不变。例如：

He went to school after he had breakfast (=after breakfast). 吃了早饭之后，他就去上学了。After l had finished the work, I went to sleep.

= After having finished / After finishing the work, I went to sleep.

(相同用法的连词before)

我干完活后就去睡觉了。

(3). 用作副词，表示“后来”、“(一段时间)以后”，通常放在表示时间的副词之后：soon after 不久以后,two days after 两天后。

Ⅲ.语法归纳。

㈠直接引语和间接引语。

直接引语变为间接引语的规则:直接引语变为间接引语时，要在人称、时态、代词、时间状语、地点状语等方面作相应的变化。

【人称变化】遵循“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”的变化规则。

“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。

如：She said. “My brother wants to go with me. ”

→She said her brother wanted to go with her.

“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。如：He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?”

→He asked Kate how her sister was then.

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：

Mr. Smith said, "Jack is a good worker."

→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.

【时态变化】

间接引语中时态不变的情况：

⑴当直接引语表示真理或经常性的特点时，保持原来的一般现在时。

⑵直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。

⑶直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

⑷如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。

直接引语变间接引语方法：

1.直接引语是陈述句,在变为间接引语时,由连词that引导(在口语中that常省略)。主句中假如有say

to sb.(对某人说),通常变为tell sb.(告诉某人)。

2.直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,要用连词whether或if引导,同时把原来的疑问句语序变

为陈述句语序。主句中的谓语动词是said时,要改为asked,没有间接宾语时,还可根据具体情况加一个间接宾语,如me, him，us等。

3.直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，特殊疑问词不变，疑问语序变为陈述语序。

4.直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，变为动词不定式，同时原句中say to sb.变为tell, ask等。㈡一般过去时。一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year, yesterday等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。

一般过去时的形式：

动词be: 第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was, 其余的人称一律用were。

动词have: 一律用had, 没有人称和数的变化。

行为动词：一律用过去式，没有人称和数的变化，行为动词的过去式有两类，一类是规则动词，另一类是不规则动词。

【基本结构】

肯定句：主语+ 动词过去式+ 其他。

否定形式：①was/were not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：Did + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他？

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ did + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他？

【用法】

a)表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

He suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天他突然生病了。

b)表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。

I wrote home once a week at college.

我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。

He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.

他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。

【注意】表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用过去时外，还可以用used to或would来表示。

She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three.

她上高三时经常学习到深夜。

He would sit for hours doing nothing.

过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做。

c)表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。

The students got up early in the morning, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air.

学生们很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗读英语。

d)在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作。

We would not leave until the teacher came back.

老师回来我们才会离开。

She told me she would not go if it rained the next day.

她告诉我如果第二天下雨的话，她就不去了。

㈢强调句式

It is (was) + 强调部分+ that (who)…用来对句中某一部分进行强调。

如果被强调的主语是“人”，则可以用“who”或“that”；如果被强调的部分是其他成分时，必须用“that”。

It was I that (who) met John in the street yesterday. [强调主语]

It was John that I met in the street yesterday. [强调宾语]

It was i n the street that I met John yesterday. [强调地点状语。不可以用where！]

It was yesterday that I met John in the street. [强调时间状语。不可以用when！]

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